Esnek Yol Üst Yapısı Kaplamaların Üretiminde Çevresel Bir Yaklaşım: Odun Talaşının Kullanılabilirliğinin Deneysel Olarak Araştırılması
Öz
Son yıllarda dünya genelinde artan üretim ve tüketim miktarlarına bağlı olarak atıkların depolanması ve bertarafı önemli bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Çeşitli çevresel yaklaşımlarla bu atıkların geri dönüştürülmesi ile elde edilen farklı yan ürünlerin kullanımı teşvik edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ağaçların işlenilmesinden elde edilen yan/atık ürün olan odun talaşının bitümlü sıcak karışım yol üst yapısı kaplama üretiminde kullanılabilirliğinin deneysel olarak araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, sıcak karışımdaki agrega yerine, %5, %10 ve %15 oranlarında iri agrega, ince agrega ve mineral filler boyutlarında odun talaşı kullanılarak numuneler elde edilmiştir. Bu numuneler, TS EN 12697 standardına göre Marshall testine tabi tutularak stabilite ve akma değerleri elde edilmiştir. Karayolu Teknik Şartnamesi uyarınca elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde optimum sonucun %4.3 bitüm oranına sahip %10 filler boyutunda odun talaşı ikamesi içeren 4.3FI10 numunesinde elde edildiği görülmüştür. Buna göre kontrol numunesine oranla stabilite açısından yaklaşık %27’lik bir iyileşme sağladığı, akma değerinde ise kayda değer bir fark oluşturmadığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuç filler boyutunda odun talaşının bir yan ürün olarak sıcak asfalt betonu karışımlarda kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymuş olup çalışmanın çevresel anlamda atık/yan ürün yönetimi çabalarına katkı sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Esnek yol üstyapısı Asfalt betonu Odun talaşı Marshall test Atık yönetimi
Etik Beyan
Etik Standartların Beyanı Bu makalenin yazarları çalışmalarında kullandıkları materyal ve yöntemlerin etik kurul izni ve/veya yasal-özel bir izin gerektirmediğini beyan ederler. Yazar Katkılarının Beyanı Bu bölümde makalede adı geçen her bir araştırmacı, literatür araştırması, deney süreçleri, raporlama olmak üzere tüm süreçlerde yer almıştır. Çıkar Çatışmasının Beyanı Bu çalışmada herhangi bir çıkar çatışması yoktur.
Destekleyen Kurum
Bu çalışma Karabük Üniversitesi (KBU) Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi (BAP) Koordinasyon Birimi KBÜBAP-23-YL-134 ve aynı zamanda TÜBİTAK 1002/B Acil Destek Modülü 223M421 nolu projeler ile desteklenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- EPA National overview: wastes and recycling. https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/national-overview-facts-and-figures-materials (Erisim Tarihi: 02.05. 2024).
- Eurostat waste statistics. https://ec.europa.eu/ eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Waste_statistics (Erisim Tarihi 02.05.2024).
- Statista global waste generation - statistics & facts. https:// www.statista.com/topics/4983/waste-generation-worldwide/ (Erisim Tarihi 02.05.2024).
- Van L, Hamid NA, Ahmad MF, Aizat AN, Ruslan R, Muhamad PF. Factors of single use plastic reduction behavioral intention. Emerging Science Journal 2021; 5(1): 269–278. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01275.
- European commission, directive 2008/98/EC of the european parliament and of the council. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:01:ES:HTML. (Erisim Tarihi 07.09.2024).
- Rominiyi OL, Adaramola BA, Ikumapayi OM, Oginni OT, Akinola SA. Potential utilization of sawdust in energy, manufacturing and agricultural industry; Waste to wealth. World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2017; 5(3): 526–539. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2017.53045.
- Mirski R, Dukarska D, Derkowski A, Czarnecki R, Dziurka D. By-products of sawmill industry as raw materials for manufacture of chip-sawdust boards. Journal of Building Engineering 2020;32(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101460.
- Nassef MM, Gabr AR, El-badawy SM. Laboratory evaluation of rice husk and sawdust on the performance of asphalt binders and mixtures. Mansoura Engineering Journal 2021;46.
- Vishnu TB, Singh KL. A study on the suitability of solid waste materials in pavement construction: A review. International Journal of Pavement Research Technology 2021;14(1): 625–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0273-z.
- Kandhal PS. Waste materials in hot mix asphalt - an overview. New York: ASTM; 1993.
- Yasanthi RGN, Rengarasu TM, Bandara W. Study on the performance of waste materials in hot mix asphalt concrete, American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences 2016;23(1): 252–267.
- Fayissa B, Gudina O, Yigezu B. Application of sawdust ash as filler material in asphaltic concrete production. Civil and Environmental Engineering Journal 2020;16(2):351–359. https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2020-0035.
- Osuya DO, Mohammed H. Evaluation of sawdust ash as a partial replacement for mineral filler in asphaltic concrete. African Journals Online 2017;19(2): 431–440.
- Yasanthi RGN, Rengarasu TM, Jegatheesan N, Bandara W. Effects of temperature variation on hot mix asphalt concrete with saw dust ash used as aggregates. In: 5th h International Symposium on Advances in Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ruhuna, Japan; 2017.
- Osinubi KJ, Edeh JE, Onoja WO. Sawdust ash stabilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement. Journal of ASTM International 2012;9(2): 454–467. https://doi.org/10.1520/stp154020120022.
- Akter R, Hossain MK, Anwar MS, Rahman K. Performance evaluation of coal dust and wood powder ash as alternates of conventional filler in the asphalt concrete. Sustainable Engineering Innovation 2022;4(1): 82–96. https://doi.org/10.37868/sei.v4i1.id157.
- Bao DX, Yu YY, Zhao QM. Evaluation of the chemical composition and rheological properties of bio-asphalt from different biomass sources. Road Material and Pavement Design 2020;21(1): 1829–1843. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2019.1568287.
- FAO, Forest Product Statistics. https://www.fao.org/forestry-fao/statistics/80938/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2024).
- Bitümlü karışımlar-Sıcak asfalt karışımlar-Deney yöntemleri. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, TS EN 12697; 2009.
An Environmental Approach in the Production of Flexible Pavements: Experimental Investigation of the Usability of Sawdust
Öz
In recent years, the storage and disposal of waste have emerged as an important problem due to the increasing production and consumption of waste worldwide. Using different by-products obtained by recycling these wastes is encouraged with various environmental approaches. This study aimed to investigate the usability of wood sawdust, which is a by-product/waste product obtained from the processing of wood, in the production of bituminous hot mix asphalt pavements. In this context, samples were obtained by using 5%, 10% and 15% coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and mineral filler-sized wood sawdust instead of aggregate in the hot mix asphalt concrete. These samples were subjected to the Marshall test according to TS EN 12697 standard and stability and flow values were attained. When the results obtained in accordance with the Highway Technical Specification were evaluated, it was seen that the optimum result was obtained in the 4.3FI10 sample containing 10% filler-sized wood sawdust substitution with a 4.3% bitumen ratio. Accordingly, it was observed that it improved approximately 27% in terms of stability compared to the control sample, and that there was no significant difference in the flow value. The results revealed that filler-sized wood sawdust can be used as a by-product in hot mix asphalt pavements, and it is hoped that the study will contribute to environmental waste/by-product management endeavors.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Flexible pavement Asphalt concrete Sawdust Marshall test Waste management
Kaynakça
- EPA National overview: wastes and recycling. https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/national-overview-facts-and-figures-materials (Erisim Tarihi: 02.05. 2024).
- Eurostat waste statistics. https://ec.europa.eu/ eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Waste_statistics (Erisim Tarihi 02.05.2024).
- Statista global waste generation - statistics & facts. https:// www.statista.com/topics/4983/waste-generation-worldwide/ (Erisim Tarihi 02.05.2024).
- Van L, Hamid NA, Ahmad MF, Aizat AN, Ruslan R, Muhamad PF. Factors of single use plastic reduction behavioral intention. Emerging Science Journal 2021; 5(1): 269–278. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01275.
- European commission, directive 2008/98/EC of the european parliament and of the council. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:01:ES:HTML. (Erisim Tarihi 07.09.2024).
- Rominiyi OL, Adaramola BA, Ikumapayi OM, Oginni OT, Akinola SA. Potential utilization of sawdust in energy, manufacturing and agricultural industry; Waste to wealth. World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2017; 5(3): 526–539. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2017.53045.
- Mirski R, Dukarska D, Derkowski A, Czarnecki R, Dziurka D. By-products of sawmill industry as raw materials for manufacture of chip-sawdust boards. Journal of Building Engineering 2020;32(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101460.
- Nassef MM, Gabr AR, El-badawy SM. Laboratory evaluation of rice husk and sawdust on the performance of asphalt binders and mixtures. Mansoura Engineering Journal 2021;46.
- Vishnu TB, Singh KL. A study on the suitability of solid waste materials in pavement construction: A review. International Journal of Pavement Research Technology 2021;14(1): 625–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0273-z.
- Kandhal PS. Waste materials in hot mix asphalt - an overview. New York: ASTM; 1993.
- Yasanthi RGN, Rengarasu TM, Bandara W. Study on the performance of waste materials in hot mix asphalt concrete, American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences 2016;23(1): 252–267.
- Fayissa B, Gudina O, Yigezu B. Application of sawdust ash as filler material in asphaltic concrete production. Civil and Environmental Engineering Journal 2020;16(2):351–359. https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2020-0035.
- Osuya DO, Mohammed H. Evaluation of sawdust ash as a partial replacement for mineral filler in asphaltic concrete. African Journals Online 2017;19(2): 431–440.
- Yasanthi RGN, Rengarasu TM, Jegatheesan N, Bandara W. Effects of temperature variation on hot mix asphalt concrete with saw dust ash used as aggregates. In: 5th h International Symposium on Advances in Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ruhuna, Japan; 2017.
- Osinubi KJ, Edeh JE, Onoja WO. Sawdust ash stabilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement. Journal of ASTM International 2012;9(2): 454–467. https://doi.org/10.1520/stp154020120022.
- Akter R, Hossain MK, Anwar MS, Rahman K. Performance evaluation of coal dust and wood powder ash as alternates of conventional filler in the asphalt concrete. Sustainable Engineering Innovation 2022;4(1): 82–96. https://doi.org/10.37868/sei.v4i1.id157.
- Bao DX, Yu YY, Zhao QM. Evaluation of the chemical composition and rheological properties of bio-asphalt from different biomass sources. Road Material and Pavement Design 2020;21(1): 1829–1843. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2019.1568287.
- FAO, Forest Product Statistics. https://www.fao.org/forestry-fao/statistics/80938/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2024).
- Bitümlü karışımlar-Sıcak asfalt karışımlar-Deney yöntemleri. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, TS EN 12697; 2009.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Atık Yönetimi, Azaltma, Yeniden Kullanım ve Geri Dönüşüm, Ulaştırma Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 26 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 10 Kasım 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 7 Şubat 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 25 |
