Distance-Based Cost and Emission Optimization of Natural and Recycled Concrete Aggregates Using Decision Tree Approach
Öz
Turkey's high seismic risk and extensive urban transformation projects present significant potential for the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). However, transportation costs and emissions limit its widespread adoption. This study analyzes the factors of distance, cost, emissions influencing the use of natural aggregate (NA) and RCA in road embankment projects in Turkey through a decision tree methodology. Various scenarios within a transportation range of 0–100 km was examined, revealing that RCA offers environmental advantages at short distances (0–30 km), while NA demonstrates economic superiority at longer distances (70–100 km). The classification accuracy of the model has been demonstrated through metrics such as the ROC curve and AUC value (0.97), indicating its high performance. The findings underscore the critical role of NA and RCA in sustainability, particularly in optimizing cost and emissions based on transportation distance. Results may vary regionally; future studies should consider broader sustainability criteria.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Earthquake debris recycled aggregate machine learning sustainable construction
Proje Numarası
MÇAP-2023-44494
Kaynakça
- Kurda R, Silvestre JD, de Brito J. Life cycle assessment of concrete made with high volume of recycled concrete aggregates and fly ash. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2018;139:407–417.
- Ulucan M, Tas Y, Alyamac KE. Multi-objective optimization and assessment of recycled concrete aggregates for sustainable development: Example of the Kömürhan bridge. Structural Concrete 2023;24(5):5750–5768.
- Akhtar A, Sarmah AK. Construction and demolition waste generation and properties of recycled aggregate concrete: A global perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018;186:262–281.
- Dilbas H, Şimşek M, Çakır Ö. An investigation on mechanical and physical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with and without silica fume. Construction and Building Materials 2014;61:50–59.
- Bayraktar OY, Benli A, Bodur B, Öz A, Kaplan G. Performance assessment and cost analysis of slag/metakaolin-based rubberized semi-lightweight geopolymers with perlite aggregate: Sustainable reuse of waste tires. Construction and Building Materials 2024;411:134655.
- Toka EB, Olgun M. Performance of granular road base and sub-base layers containing recycled concrete aggregate in different ratios. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2022;23(11):3729–3742.
- Gökalp İ, Uz VE, Saltan M, Tutumluer E. Technical and environmental evaluation of metallurgical slags as aggregate for sustainable pavement layer applications. Transportation Geotechnics 2018;14:61–69.
- Dias AB, Pacheco JN, Silvestre JD, Martins IM, de Brito J. Environmental and economic life cycle assessment of recycled coarse aggregates: A Portuguese case study. Materials 2021;14(18):5452.
- Bostanci SC. Use of waste marble dust and recycled glass for sustainable concrete production. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020;251:119785.
- Aytekin B, Mardani A, Ünsever YS. Performance assessment of recycled waste materials for use in unbound pavement layers: A case study from Turkey. Construction and Building Materials 2023;402:133004.
- Akbas M, Iyisan R, Dayioglu AY, Hatipoglu M. Stiffness properties of recycled concrete aggregates as unbound base and subbase materials under freeze and thaw cycles. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2021;46(11):10569–10584.
- Lin CL, Fan CL. Decision tree analysis of the relationship between defects and construction inspection grades. International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 2019;7(1):27–32.
- Hasan R, Islam Z, Alam M. Predictive analytics and machine learning applications in the USA for sustainable supply chain operations and carbon footprint reduction. Journal of Electrical Systems 2024;20(10s):463–471.
- Sarmas E, Dimitropoulos N, Marinakis V, Mylona Z, Doukas H. Transfer learning strategies for solar power forecasting under data scarcity. Scientific Reports 2022;12(1):1–13.
- Khan MJUR, Awasthi A. Machine learning model development for predicting road transport GHG emissions in Canada. WSB Journal of Business and Finance 2019;53(2):55–72.
- Karayolları Esnek Üstyapılar Projelendirme Rehberi. T.C. Ulaştırma Bakanlığı Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü; 2008.
- Akbas M, Iyisan R. Sustainable infrastructure: The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on road base materials comprising natural and recycled concrete aggregates. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2023;16(1):211–223.
- Sabău M, Bompa DV, Silva LF. Comparative carbon emission assessments of recycled and natural aggregate concrete: Environmental influence of cement content. Geoscience Frontiers 2021;12(6):101235.
- Pradhan S, Tiwari BR, Kumar S, Barai SV. Comparative LCA of recycled and natural aggregate concrete using particle packing method and conventional method of design mix. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019;228:679–691.
- Xing W, Tam VW, Le KN, Hao JL, Wang J. Life cycle assessment of sustainable concrete with recycled aggregate and supplementary cementitious materials. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2023;193:106947.
- Tang Y, Xiao J, Liu Q, Xia B, Singh A, Lv Z, Song W. Natural gravel-recycled aggregate concrete applied in rural highway pavement: Material properties and life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2022;334:130219.
- Marinković S, Radonjanin V, Malešev M, Ignjatović I. Comparative environmental assessment of natural and recycled aggregate concrete. Waste Management 2010;30(11):2255–2264.
- Mistikoglu G, Gerek IH, Erdis E, Usmen PM, Cakan H, Kazan EE. Decision tree analysis of construction fall accidents involving roofers. Expert Systems with Applications 2015;42(4):2256–2263.
- Lin J, Zhong C, Hu D, Rudin C, Seltzer M. Generalized and scalable optimal sparse decision trees. In: International Conference on Machine Learning; 2020, November. p. 6150–6160. PMLR.
- Jafarimoghaddam A, Hamidi JK, Najafi M. Application of decision tree to selection of MTBM for adverse geological conditions. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2013;23(4):503–511.
- Spekkers MH, Kok M, Clemens FHLR, Ten Veldhuis JAE. Decision-tree analysis of factors influencing rainfall-related building structure and content damage. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2014;14(9):2531–2547.
- Shin Y, Kim T, Cho H, Kang KI. A formwork method selection model based on boosted decision trees in tall building construction. Automation in Construction 2012;23:47–54.
Karar Ağacı Yaklaşımı ile Doğal ve Geri Dönüştürülmüş Beton Agreganın Mesafe Bazlı Maliyet ve Emisyon Optimizasyonu
Öz
Türkiye’nin yüksek deprem riski ve kentsel dönüşüm projeleri, geri dönüştürülmüş beton agrega (GDBA) kullanımını artırma potansiyeline sahiptir. Ancak taşıma maliyetleri ve emisyonlar, bu malzemenin kullanımını sınırlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de yol dolgu projelerinde doğal agrega (DA) ve GDBA kullanımını etkileyen mesafe, maliyet ve emisyon faktörlerini karar ağacı yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. 0-100 km taşıma mesafesinde farklı senaryolar incelenmiş ve kısa mesafelerde (0-30 km) GDBA’nın çevresel avantajlarının öne çıktığı, uzun mesafelerde (70-100 km) ise DA’nın ekonomik üstünlük sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Modelin sınıflandırmasının yüksek doğruluk oranlarına sahip olduğu, ROC eğrisi ve AUC değeri (0.97) gibi metriklerle gösterilmiştir. Sonuçlar, yol dolgu projelerinde mesafe bazlı maliyet ve emisyon optimizasyonunda DA ve GDBA’nın sürdürülebilirlik açısından kritik bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Bulgular, kaynak yerlerinin bölgesel dağılımına göre değişebileceğinden, gelecekte daha geniş sürdürülebilirlik kriterleriyle incelenmesi önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Deprem atıkları geri dönüştürülmüş agrega makine öğrenmesi sürdürülebilir inşaat
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışma, etik kurul onayı gerektiren bir durum içermemektedir.
Destekleyen Kurum
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
Proje Numarası
MÇAP-2023-44494
Teşekkür
Çalışma, T.C. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından desteklenen ve Proje Kodu MÇAP-2023-44494 olan "Pazarcık-Kahramanmaraş’ta Meydana Gelen Deprem Sonrası Oluşan İnşaat Atıklarının Yol Üstyapısında Kullanım Uygunluğunun İnşaat ve Çevre Mühendisliği Açısından İncelenmesi" başlıklı Özel Çağrılı Genel Araştırma Projesi (ÖÇGAP) kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Proje desteği için İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi'ne teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.
Kaynakça
- Kurda R, Silvestre JD, de Brito J. Life cycle assessment of concrete made with high volume of recycled concrete aggregates and fly ash. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2018;139:407–417.
- Ulucan M, Tas Y, Alyamac KE. Multi-objective optimization and assessment of recycled concrete aggregates for sustainable development: Example of the Kömürhan bridge. Structural Concrete 2023;24(5):5750–5768.
- Akhtar A, Sarmah AK. Construction and demolition waste generation and properties of recycled aggregate concrete: A global perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018;186:262–281.
- Dilbas H, Şimşek M, Çakır Ö. An investigation on mechanical and physical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with and without silica fume. Construction and Building Materials 2014;61:50–59.
- Bayraktar OY, Benli A, Bodur B, Öz A, Kaplan G. Performance assessment and cost analysis of slag/metakaolin-based rubberized semi-lightweight geopolymers with perlite aggregate: Sustainable reuse of waste tires. Construction and Building Materials 2024;411:134655.
- Toka EB, Olgun M. Performance of granular road base and sub-base layers containing recycled concrete aggregate in different ratios. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2022;23(11):3729–3742.
- Gökalp İ, Uz VE, Saltan M, Tutumluer E. Technical and environmental evaluation of metallurgical slags as aggregate for sustainable pavement layer applications. Transportation Geotechnics 2018;14:61–69.
- Dias AB, Pacheco JN, Silvestre JD, Martins IM, de Brito J. Environmental and economic life cycle assessment of recycled coarse aggregates: A Portuguese case study. Materials 2021;14(18):5452.
- Bostanci SC. Use of waste marble dust and recycled glass for sustainable concrete production. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020;251:119785.
- Aytekin B, Mardani A, Ünsever YS. Performance assessment of recycled waste materials for use in unbound pavement layers: A case study from Turkey. Construction and Building Materials 2023;402:133004.
- Akbas M, Iyisan R, Dayioglu AY, Hatipoglu M. Stiffness properties of recycled concrete aggregates as unbound base and subbase materials under freeze and thaw cycles. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2021;46(11):10569–10584.
- Lin CL, Fan CL. Decision tree analysis of the relationship between defects and construction inspection grades. International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 2019;7(1):27–32.
- Hasan R, Islam Z, Alam M. Predictive analytics and machine learning applications in the USA for sustainable supply chain operations and carbon footprint reduction. Journal of Electrical Systems 2024;20(10s):463–471.
- Sarmas E, Dimitropoulos N, Marinakis V, Mylona Z, Doukas H. Transfer learning strategies for solar power forecasting under data scarcity. Scientific Reports 2022;12(1):1–13.
- Khan MJUR, Awasthi A. Machine learning model development for predicting road transport GHG emissions in Canada. WSB Journal of Business and Finance 2019;53(2):55–72.
- Karayolları Esnek Üstyapılar Projelendirme Rehberi. T.C. Ulaştırma Bakanlığı Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü; 2008.
- Akbas M, Iyisan R. Sustainable infrastructure: The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on road base materials comprising natural and recycled concrete aggregates. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2023;16(1):211–223.
- Sabău M, Bompa DV, Silva LF. Comparative carbon emission assessments of recycled and natural aggregate concrete: Environmental influence of cement content. Geoscience Frontiers 2021;12(6):101235.
- Pradhan S, Tiwari BR, Kumar S, Barai SV. Comparative LCA of recycled and natural aggregate concrete using particle packing method and conventional method of design mix. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019;228:679–691.
- Xing W, Tam VW, Le KN, Hao JL, Wang J. Life cycle assessment of sustainable concrete with recycled aggregate and supplementary cementitious materials. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2023;193:106947.
- Tang Y, Xiao J, Liu Q, Xia B, Singh A, Lv Z, Song W. Natural gravel-recycled aggregate concrete applied in rural highway pavement: Material properties and life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2022;334:130219.
- Marinković S, Radonjanin V, Malešev M, Ignjatović I. Comparative environmental assessment of natural and recycled aggregate concrete. Waste Management 2010;30(11):2255–2264.
- Mistikoglu G, Gerek IH, Erdis E, Usmen PM, Cakan H, Kazan EE. Decision tree analysis of construction fall accidents involving roofers. Expert Systems with Applications 2015;42(4):2256–2263.
- Lin J, Zhong C, Hu D, Rudin C, Seltzer M. Generalized and scalable optimal sparse decision trees. In: International Conference on Machine Learning; 2020, November. p. 6150–6160. PMLR.
- Jafarimoghaddam A, Hamidi JK, Najafi M. Application of decision tree to selection of MTBM for adverse geological conditions. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2013;23(4):503–511.
- Spekkers MH, Kok M, Clemens FHLR, Ten Veldhuis JAE. Decision-tree analysis of factors influencing rainfall-related building structure and content damage. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2014;14(9):2531–2547.
- Shin Y, Kim T, Cho H, Kang KI. A formwork method selection model based on boosted decision trees in tall building construction. Automation in Construction 2012;23:47–54.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | İnşaat Geoteknik Mühendisliği, Ulaştırma Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | MÇAP-2023-44494 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 26 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 16 Aralık 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 26 Şubat 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 25 |
