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Assessing Soil Degradation: A Comprehensive Study Using Soil Degradation Index (SDI) in Godrahav Watershed

Yıl 2025, , 141 - 154, 29.05.2025

Sümeyye Güler , Bülent Turgut

https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1667680

Öz

Soil degradation is an important problem for watersheds that contain agricultural and natural areas within their border. This study was conducted to assess soil degradation using soil degradation index (SDI). The watershed was divided into transects at 500m intervals in the north-south and the east-west directions. Except for the hard-to-reach points because of topography, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken from 138 sample points at the intersections of the transects. The SDI was calculated using the measured soil parameters including particle size distribution, aggregate stability, aggregation rate, mean weight diameter, dispersion rate, bulk density, porosity, field capacity, wilting point, organic matter content, pH and electrical conductivity. The spatial distribution patterns of these parameters were defined using geostatistical analyses. Slope, elevation, aspect and land use type of the watershed were also mapped using the Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. The results of the study showed that soil degradation can be quantified using an index value, and that basic soil properties can serve as parameters for this index. These parameters affect index values with different weighting, and these weighting values can be calculated by correlation analysis. Moreover, according to the distribution maps, SDI showed spatial variability due to the land use, altitude, and aspect, but it did not vary regularly due to the slope. Based on the findings, it is recommended to implement land use-specific soil management strategies across the watershed. Regular SDI-based monitoring and geospatial analysis can support early detection of degradation and guide sustainable land use planning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Correlation Physiographic factors Soil degradation Soil mapping Spatial variability

Kaynakça

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  • Aydın, A., & Kara, F. (2019). Spatial assessment of land degradation using soil quality index: A case study from the Middle Black Sea Region. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(5), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7390-3 Barcelos, J. P. de Q., de Souza, M., Nascimento, C. A. C. do, & Rosolem, C. A. (2022). Soil acidity amelioration improves N and C cycles in the short term in a system with soybean followed by maize-guinea grass intercropping. Geoderma, 421, 115909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115909
  • Baul, T. K., Chowdhury, A. I., Uddin, M. J., Hasan, M. K., Kilpeläinen, A., Nandi, R., Karmakar, S. , & Akhter, J. (2023). Effects of fragmentation and shifting cultivation on soil carbon and nutrients: A case study in Sitapahar forest, Bangladesh. Rhizosphere, 27, 100756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2023.100756
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  • Buraka, T., Elias, E., & Lelago, A. (2023). Effects of land-use-cover-changes on selected soil physicochemical properties along slope position, Coka watershed, Southern Ethiopia. Heliyon, 9(5), e16142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16142
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Toprak Bozulmasının Değerlendirilmesi: Godrahav Havzasında Toprak Bozulma İndeksi (SDI) Kullanılarak Yapılan Kapsamlı Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2025, , 141 - 154, 29.05.2025

Sümeyye Güler , Bülent Turgut

https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1667680

Öz

Toprak bozulması, sınırları içinde tarımsal ve doğal alanlar bulunduran su havzaları için önemli bir sorundur. Bu çalışma, bir su havzasında toprak bozulma durumunu değerlendirmek amacıyla Toprak Bozulma İndeksi (SDI) adlı ampirik bir yöntem kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, havza kuzey-güney ve doğu-batı yönlerinde 500 m aralıklarla transektlere bölünmüştür. Topografya nedeniyle ulaşılması zor olan noktalar çıkarıldıktan sonra, transektlerin kesişim noktalarından 138 örnek noktasından bozulmuş ve bozulmamış toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. SDI hesaplamasında tanecik boyu dağılımı, agregat stabilitesi, agregasyon oranı, ağırlıklı ortalama çapı, dispersiyon oranı, hacim ağırlığı, porozite, tarla kapasitesi, solma noktası, organik madde içeriği, pH ve elektriksel iletkenlik gibi parametreler kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda bu parametrelerin mekânsal dağılımını belirlemiştir. Havzanın eğim, yükselti, bakı ve arazi kullanımı gibi bazı özellikleri Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) tekniği kullanılarak haritalandırılmıştır. Jeoistatistiksel teknikler, bu özellikler ve SDI'nin enterpolasyonu için kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, toprak bozulmasının bir indeks değeri ile ifade edilebileceğini ve temel toprak özelliklerinin bu indeks için parametre olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu parametreler indeks değerlerini farklı ağırlıklarda etkilemekte olup, bu ağırlık değerleri korelasyon analizi ile hesaplanabilmektedir. Ayrıca, dağılım haritalarına göre SDI, arazi kullanımı, yükseklik ve bakıya bağlı olarak mekânsal değişkenlik göstermiştir; ancak eğime bağlı olarak düzenli bir değişim göstermemiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, havza genelinde arazi kullanımına özgü toprak yönetim stratejilerinin uygulanması önerilmektedir. SDI temelli düzenli izleme ve mekânsal analizler, bozulmanın erken tespiti ile sürdürülebilir arazi kullanım planlamasına katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Korelasyon Fizyografik faktörler Toprak bozulması Haritalama Mekânsal değişkenlik

Kaynakça

  • Acir, N., Günal, H., Mutlu, N., Cankar, S., & Akyol, N. (2013) Drenaj Faaliyetleri Sonrası Kaz Gölü Çevresindeki Toprak Özellikleri ve Vejetasyonun Mesafeye Bağlı Değişimleri. III. National Soil and Water Resources Congress, 22-24 October 2013, Tokat, Türkiye.
  • Amundson, R., Berhe, A.A., Hopmans, J.W., Olson, C., Sztein, A.E & Sparks, D.L. (2015). Soil science. Soil and human security in the 21st century. Science, 348(126-1071). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1261071
  • Asare, M.O., Ondřej, S., & Afriyie, J.O. (2021). Chemical properties and magnetic susceptibility as proxy indicators of past settlement activities on contemporary arable soil in the Czech Republic. Geoderma Regional, 24, e00357. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2021.e00357
  • Aydın, A., & Kara, F. (2019). Spatial assessment of land degradation using soil quality index: A case study from the Middle Black Sea Region. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(5), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7390-3 Barcelos, J. P. de Q., de Souza, M., Nascimento, C. A. C. do, & Rosolem, C. A. (2022). Soil acidity amelioration improves N and C cycles in the short term in a system with soybean followed by maize-guinea grass intercropping. Geoderma, 421, 115909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115909
  • Baul, T. K., Chowdhury, A. I., Uddin, M. J., Hasan, M. K., Kilpeläinen, A., Nandi, R., Karmakar, S. , & Akhter, J. (2023). Effects of fragmentation and shifting cultivation on soil carbon and nutrients: A case study in Sitapahar forest, Bangladesh. Rhizosphere, 27, 100756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2023.100756
  • Bax, V., & Francesconi, W. (2018). Environmental predictors of forest change: An analysis of natural predisposition to deforestation in the tropical Andes region, Peru. Applied Geography, 91, 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.01.002
  • Belton, V., & Stewart, T. J. (2002). Multiple criteria decision analysis: An integrated approach. Springer, Boston, MA, USA. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajor.2016.64030
  • Blake, G. R., & Hartge, K. H. (1986). Bulk Density. In: Klute A (ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis Part I. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Madison, WI, USA pp: 363-375. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c13
  • Blake, G. R., & Hartge, K. H. (1986). Bulk density. In A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis: Part I. Physical and mineralogical methods (pp. 363–375). Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c13
  • Buraka, T., Elias, E., & Lelago, A. (2023). Effects of land-use-cover-changes on selected soil physicochemical properties along slope position, Coka watershed, Southern Ethiopia. Heliyon, 9(5), e16142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16142
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  • Zhang, S., Sun, L., Jamshidi, A. H., Niu, Y., Fan, Z., Zhang, H., & Liu, X. (2022). Assessment of the degree of degradation of sloping cropland in a typical black soil region. Land Degradation and Development, 33(13), 2220–2230. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4255
  • Zhang, W. C., Wu, W., Li, J. W., & Liu, H. B. (2023). Climate and topography controls on soil water-stable aggregates at regional scale: Independent and interactive effects. CATENA, 228, 107170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107170
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Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sümeyye Güler 0000-0003-0606-1085

Bülent Turgut 0000-0001-7443-1100

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025

Kaynak Göster

APA Güler, S., & Turgut, B. (2025). Assessing Soil Degradation: A Comprehensive Study Using Soil Degradation Index (SDI) in Godrahav Watershed. Research in Agricultural Sciences, 56(2), 141-154. https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1667680

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