Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Local Rhizobacteria on Rhizome Development and Plant Growth of Trachystemon orientalis
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 56 Sayı: 2, 122 - 129, 29.05.2025
Hatice Filiz Boyacı
,
Merve Erbil
,
Atakan Yildiz
,
Keziban Yazıcı
,
Umut Ferhat Başpinar
Öz
One of the most important strategies to increase agricultural productivity and sustainability is to use a variety of local plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPB) and their improved consortium formulations. This study aimed to determine the effect of local PGPB on plant growth and rhizome development of Trachystemon orientalis, which has great potential as an alternative food source. Six different combined microbial consortia prepared from 11 different rhizobacteria isolated from tea rhizosphere, based on their multiple beneficial effects, were applied to the rhizomes of Trachystemon orientalis planted in 1:1 (v/v) peat: perlite medium. The experiment was set up according to the randomized complete block design with three replications, five rhizomes in each replication, and rhizomes not subjected to any treatment were used as controls. PGPB consortia were detected to be effective on 14 parameters examined related to rhizome development and plant growth. The correlation heatmap revealed a strong relationship between the applications and all the parameters examined. The best result was obtained from the P4 application containing a mixture of Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus spp. This microbial cocktail can be a good alternative to chemical fertilizers, as it is both beneficial and profitable, especially in seedling cultivation of Trachystemon orientalis.
Kaynakça
- Akçin, Ö. E., Kandemir, N., & Akçin, Y. (2004). A morphological and anatomical study on a medicinal and edible plant Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) in the Black Sea Region. Turkish Journal of Botany, 28(4), 435-442.
- Arslan, E., & Akkaya, Ö. (2020). Biotization of Arabidopsis thaliana with Pseudomonas putida and assessment of its positive effect on in vitro growth. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 56(2), 184-192.
- Borah, P., Gogoi, N., Asad, S. A., Rabha, A. J., & Farooq, M. (2023). An insight into plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-mediated mitigation of stresses in plant. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42(5), 3229-3256.
- Borelli, T., Hunter, D., Powell, B., Ulian, T., Mattana, E., Termote, C., & Engels, J. (2020). Born to eat wild: An integrated conservation approach to secure wild food plants for food security and nutrition. Plants, 9(10), 1299.
- Borriss, R. (2015). Bacillus, A Plant-Beneficial Bacterium. In: Lugtenberg, B. (eds) Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08575-3_40
- Biyik, B., Sarialtin, S. Y., Gökbulut, A., Çoban, T., & Coşkun, M. (2023). Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don as a valuable source of rosmarinic acid: biological activities and HPLC profiles. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(3), 141.
- Chrzanowska, E., Denisow, B., Ekiert, H., & Pietrzyk, Ł. (2024). Metabolites Obtained from Boraginaceae Plants as Potential Cosmetic Ingredients—A Review. Molecules, 29(21), 5088.
- Coppi, A., Selvi, F., & Bigazzi, M. (2006). Chromosome studies in Mediterranean species of Boraginaceae. Flora Mediterranea, 16, 253-274.
- Demirel Ozbek, Y., Saral, O., & Turker, P. F. (2024). Modern and traditional cooking methods affect the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds content of Trachystemon Orientalis (L.) G. Don. Plos one, 19(2), e0299037.
- Dimkić, I., Janakiev, T., Petrović, M., Degrassi, G., & Fira, D. (2022). Plant-associated Bacillus and Pseudomonas antimicrobial activities in plant disease suppression via biological control mechanisms-A review. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 117, 101754.
- Esitken, A., Yildiz, H. E., Ercisli, S., Donmez, M. F., Turan, M., & Gunes, A. (2010). Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on yield, growth and nutrient contents of organically grown strawberry. Scientia Horticulturae, 124(1), 62-66.
Ghaffari, H., Gholizadeh, A., Biabani, A., Fallah, A., & Mohammadian, M. (2018). Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Application with Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 41(2).
- Glick, B. R. (2012). Plant growth‐promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications. Scientifica, 2012(1), 963401.
- Grover, M., Bodhankar, S., Sharma, A., Sharma, P., Singh, J., & Nain, L. (2021). PGPR mediated alterations in root traits: way toward sustainable crop production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 618230.
- Guo, L., Plunkert, M., Luo, X., & Liu, Z. (2021). Developmental regulation of stolon and rhizome. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 59, 101970.
- Akçin, Ö. E., Kandemir, N., & Akçin, Y. (2004). A morphological and anatomical study on a medicinal and edible plant Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) in the Black Sea Region. Turkish Journal of Botany, 28(4), 435-442.
- Arslan, E., & Akkaya, Ö. (2020). Biotization of Arabidopsis thaliana with Pseudomonas putida and assessment of its positive effect on in vitro growth. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 56(2), 184-192.
- Borah, P., Gogoi, N., Asad, S. A., Rabha, A. J., & Farooq, M. (2023). An insight into plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-mediated mitigation of stresses in plant. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42(5), 3229-3256.
- Borelli, T., Hunter, D., Powell, B., Ulian, T., Mattana, E., Termote, C., & Engels, J. (2020). Born to eat wild: An integrated conservation approach to secure wild food plants for food security and nutrition. Plants, 9(10), 1299.
- Borriss, R. (2015). Bacillus, A Plant-Beneficial Bacterium. In: Lugtenberg, B. (eds) Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08575-3_40
- Biyik, B., Sarialtin, S. Y., Gökbulut, A., Çoban, T., & Coşkun, M. (2023). Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don as a valuable source of rosmarinic acid: biological activities and HPLC profiles. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(3), 141.
- Chrzanowska, E., Denisow, B., Ekiert, H., & Pietrzyk, Ł. (2024). Metabolites Obtained from Boraginaceae Plants as Potential Cosmetic Ingredients—A Review. Molecules, 29(21), 5088.
- Coppi, A., Selvi, F., & Bigazzi, M. (2006). Chromosome studies in Mediterranean species of Boraginaceae. Flora Mediterranea, 16, 253-274.
- Demirel Ozbek, Y., Saral, O., & Turker, P. F. (2024). Modern and traditional cooking methods affect the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds content of Trachystemon Orientalis (L.) G. Don. Plos one, 19(2), e0299037.
- Dimkić, I., Janakiev, T., Petrović, M., Degrassi, G., & Fira, D. (2022). Plant-associated Bacillus and Pseudomonas antimicrobial activities in plant disease suppression via biological control mechanisms-A review. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 117, 101754.
- Esitken, A., Yildiz, H. E., Ercisli, S., Donmez, M. F., Turan, M., & Gunes, A. (2010). Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on yield, growth and nutrient contents of organically grown strawberry. Scientia Horticulturae, 124(1), 62-66.
- Ghaffari, H., Gholizadeh, A., Biabani, A., Fallah, A., & Mohammadian, M. (2018). Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Application with Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 41(2).
- Glick, B. R. (2012). Plant growth‐promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications. Scientifica, 2012(1), 963401.
Grover, M., Bodhankar, S., Sharma, A., Sharma, P., Singh, J., & Nain, L. (2021). PGPR mediated alterations in root traits: way toward sustainable crop production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 618230.
- Guo, L., Plunkert, M., Luo, X., & Liu, Z. (2021). Developmental regulation of stolon and rhizome. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 59, 101970.
- Kazancı, C., Oruç, S., & Mosulishvili, M. (2020). Medicinal ethnobotany of wild plants: a cross-cultural comparison around Georgia-Turkey border, the Western Lesser Caucasus. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 16, 1-20.
Kidane, L., & Kejela, A. (2021). Food security and environment conservation through sustainable use of wild and semi-wild edible plants: a case study in Berek Natural Forest, Oromia special zone, Ethiopia. Agriculture & Food Security, 10(1), 29.
- Koca, L., Hasbay, İ., Bostanci, S., Yılmaz, V., & Koca, A. (2015). Some wild edible plants and their dietary fiber contents. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 14(4).
- Lin, Y., Watts, D. B., Kloepper, J. W., Adesemoye, A. O., & Feng, Y. (2019). Effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria at various nitrogen rates on corn growth. Agricultural Sciences, 10(12), 1542.
- Naserzadeh, Y., Kartoolinejad, D., Mahmoudi, N., Zargar, M., Pakina, E., Heydari, M., ... & Kavhiza, N. J. (2018). Nine strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida: Effects on growth indices, seed and yield production of Carthamus tinctorius L. Research on Crops, 19(4), 622-632.
- Novák, P., Zukal, D., Kalníková, V., Chytrý, K., & Kavgacı, A. (2019). Ecology and syntaxonomy of Colchic forests in south-western Georgia (Caucasus region). Phytocoenologia, 49(3).
- Özer, M. Ö., & Aksoy, M. (2019). Mineral composition and nutritional properties of Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don populations in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 18(4), 157-167.
Santoyo, G., Urtis-Flores, C. A., Loeza-Lara, P. D., Orozco-Mosqueda, M. D. C., & Glick, B. R. (2021). Rhizosphere colonization determinants by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Biology, 10(6), 475.
- Singh, P., Singh, R. K., Li, H. B., Guo, D. J., Sharma, A., Verma, K. K., ... & Li, Y. R. (2024). Nitrogen fixation and phytohormone stimulation of sugarcane plant through plant growth promoting diazotrophic Pseudomonas. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews, 40(1), 15-35.
- Selvi, F., & Bigazzi, M. (2001). Leaf surface and anatomy in Boraginaceae tribe Boragineae with respect to ecology and taxonomy. Flora, 196(4), 269-285.
- Taghouti, I., Cristobal, R., Brenko, A., Stara, K., Markos, N., Chapelet, B., & Bonet, J. A. (2022). The market evolution of medicinal and aromatic plants: A global supply chain analysis and an application of the delphi method in the Mediterranean area. Forests, 13(5), 808.
- Üstün, N. Ş., Pekşen, A., Bulam, S., & Duran, H. (2018). Edible wild herbaceous plants consumed in Giresun province. Acta Biologica Turcica, 32(2), 84-89.
- Vocciante, M., Grifoni, M., Fusini, D., Petruzzelli, G., & Franchi, E. (2022). The role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in mitigating plant’s environmental stresses. Applied Sciences, 12(3), 1231.
- Yıldız, A., Başpınar, U. F., Sapaz, D., Peker, O., Keskin, E., Yazıcı, K., Namlı, A., Turgay, O. C. (2024). Importance of Metagenomic Analysis in Determining the Effect of Biofertilizer on Soil Microbiota. National Tea Congress / 21-23 May 2024, Rize, Türkiye. P:32-33.
- Zhang, Y., Gao, X., Shen, Z., Zhu, C., Jiao, Z., Li, R., & Shen, Q. (2019). Pre-colonization of PGPR triggers rhizosphere microbiota succession associated with crop yield enhancement. Plant and Soil, 439, 553-567.
- Zhu, L., Zhang, P., Ma, S., Yu, Q., Wang, H., Liu, Y., ... & Chen, Y. (2024). Enhancing carrot (Daucus carota var. sativa Hoffm.) plant productivity with combined rhizosphere microbial consortium. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, 1466300.
Bitki Büyümesini Teşvik Eden Yerel Rizobakterilerin Trachystemon orientalis’in Rizom Gelişimi ve Bitki Büyümesine Etkisi
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 56 Sayı: 2, 122 - 129, 29.05.2025
Hatice Filiz Boyacı
,
Merve Erbil
,
Atakan Yildiz
,
Keziban Yazıcı
,
Umut Ferhat Başpinar
Öz
Tarımsal verimliliği ve sürdürülebilirliği artırmanın en önemli stratejilerinden biri, çeşitli yerel bitki büyümesini teşvik eden rizobakterileri (PGPB) ve bunların geliştirilmiş konsorsiyum formülasyonlarını kullanmaktır. Bu çalışmada, bitkilerin topraktan daha fazla besin maddesi almasını sağlayan Trachystemon orientalis'in bitki büyümesi ve rizom gelişimi üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çay rizosferinden izole edilen 11 farklı rizobakteriden çok sayıdaki yararlı etkileri göz önüne alınarak hazırlanan altı farklı mikrobiyal konsorsiyum kombinasyonu 1:1 (v/v) torf:perlit ortamına dikilen Trachystemon orientalis rizomlarına uygulanmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş olup, her tekrarlamada beş rizom yer almış ve herhangi bir uygulama yapılmayan rizomlar kontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda PGPB konsorsiyumlarının rizom gelişimi ve bitki büyümesi ile ilgili incelenen 14 parametre üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Korelasyon ısı haritası, uygulamalar ile incelenen tüm parametreler arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. En iyi sonuç Pseudomonas putida ve Bacillus spp. karışımı içeren P4 uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Mikrobiyal karışım, Trachystemon orientalis'in özellikle fide yetiştiriciliğinde faydalı ve karlı olması nedeniyle uygulanabilir olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur.
Kaynakça
- Akçin, Ö. E., Kandemir, N., & Akçin, Y. (2004). A morphological and anatomical study on a medicinal and edible plant Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) in the Black Sea Region. Turkish Journal of Botany, 28(4), 435-442.
- Arslan, E., & Akkaya, Ö. (2020). Biotization of Arabidopsis thaliana with Pseudomonas putida and assessment of its positive effect on in vitro growth. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 56(2), 184-192.
- Borah, P., Gogoi, N., Asad, S. A., Rabha, A. J., & Farooq, M. (2023). An insight into plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-mediated mitigation of stresses in plant. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42(5), 3229-3256.
- Borelli, T., Hunter, D., Powell, B., Ulian, T., Mattana, E., Termote, C., & Engels, J. (2020). Born to eat wild: An integrated conservation approach to secure wild food plants for food security and nutrition. Plants, 9(10), 1299.
- Borriss, R. (2015). Bacillus, A Plant-Beneficial Bacterium. In: Lugtenberg, B. (eds) Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08575-3_40
- Biyik, B., Sarialtin, S. Y., Gökbulut, A., Çoban, T., & Coşkun, M. (2023). Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don as a valuable source of rosmarinic acid: biological activities and HPLC profiles. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(3), 141.
- Chrzanowska, E., Denisow, B., Ekiert, H., & Pietrzyk, Ł. (2024). Metabolites Obtained from Boraginaceae Plants as Potential Cosmetic Ingredients—A Review. Molecules, 29(21), 5088.
- Coppi, A., Selvi, F., & Bigazzi, M. (2006). Chromosome studies in Mediterranean species of Boraginaceae. Flora Mediterranea, 16, 253-274.
- Demirel Ozbek, Y., Saral, O., & Turker, P. F. (2024). Modern and traditional cooking methods affect the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds content of Trachystemon Orientalis (L.) G. Don. Plos one, 19(2), e0299037.
- Dimkić, I., Janakiev, T., Petrović, M., Degrassi, G., & Fira, D. (2022). Plant-associated Bacillus and Pseudomonas antimicrobial activities in plant disease suppression via biological control mechanisms-A review. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 117, 101754.
- Esitken, A., Yildiz, H. E., Ercisli, S., Donmez, M. F., Turan, M., & Gunes, A. (2010). Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on yield, growth and nutrient contents of organically grown strawberry. Scientia Horticulturae, 124(1), 62-66.
Ghaffari, H., Gholizadeh, A., Biabani, A., Fallah, A., & Mohammadian, M. (2018). Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Application with Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 41(2).
- Glick, B. R. (2012). Plant growth‐promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications. Scientifica, 2012(1), 963401.
- Grover, M., Bodhankar, S., Sharma, A., Sharma, P., Singh, J., & Nain, L. (2021). PGPR mediated alterations in root traits: way toward sustainable crop production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 618230.
- Guo, L., Plunkert, M., Luo, X., & Liu, Z. (2021). Developmental regulation of stolon and rhizome. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 59, 101970.
- Akçin, Ö. E., Kandemir, N., & Akçin, Y. (2004). A morphological and anatomical study on a medicinal and edible plant Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) in the Black Sea Region. Turkish Journal of Botany, 28(4), 435-442.
- Arslan, E., & Akkaya, Ö. (2020). Biotization of Arabidopsis thaliana with Pseudomonas putida and assessment of its positive effect on in vitro growth. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 56(2), 184-192.
- Borah, P., Gogoi, N., Asad, S. A., Rabha, A. J., & Farooq, M. (2023). An insight into plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-mediated mitigation of stresses in plant. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42(5), 3229-3256.
- Borelli, T., Hunter, D., Powell, B., Ulian, T., Mattana, E., Termote, C., & Engels, J. (2020). Born to eat wild: An integrated conservation approach to secure wild food plants for food security and nutrition. Plants, 9(10), 1299.
- Borriss, R. (2015). Bacillus, A Plant-Beneficial Bacterium. In: Lugtenberg, B. (eds) Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08575-3_40
- Biyik, B., Sarialtin, S. Y., Gökbulut, A., Çoban, T., & Coşkun, M. (2023). Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don as a valuable source of rosmarinic acid: biological activities and HPLC profiles. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(3), 141.
- Chrzanowska, E., Denisow, B., Ekiert, H., & Pietrzyk, Ł. (2024). Metabolites Obtained from Boraginaceae Plants as Potential Cosmetic Ingredients—A Review. Molecules, 29(21), 5088.
- Coppi, A., Selvi, F., & Bigazzi, M. (2006). Chromosome studies in Mediterranean species of Boraginaceae. Flora Mediterranea, 16, 253-274.
- Demirel Ozbek, Y., Saral, O., & Turker, P. F. (2024). Modern and traditional cooking methods affect the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds content of Trachystemon Orientalis (L.) G. Don. Plos one, 19(2), e0299037.
- Dimkić, I., Janakiev, T., Petrović, M., Degrassi, G., & Fira, D. (2022). Plant-associated Bacillus and Pseudomonas antimicrobial activities in plant disease suppression via biological control mechanisms-A review. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 117, 101754.
- Esitken, A., Yildiz, H. E., Ercisli, S., Donmez, M. F., Turan, M., & Gunes, A. (2010). Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on yield, growth and nutrient contents of organically grown strawberry. Scientia Horticulturae, 124(1), 62-66.
- Ghaffari, H., Gholizadeh, A., Biabani, A., Fallah, A., & Mohammadian, M. (2018). Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Application with Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 41(2).
- Glick, B. R. (2012). Plant growth‐promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications. Scientifica, 2012(1), 963401.
Grover, M., Bodhankar, S., Sharma, A., Sharma, P., Singh, J., & Nain, L. (2021). PGPR mediated alterations in root traits: way toward sustainable crop production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 618230.
- Guo, L., Plunkert, M., Luo, X., & Liu, Z. (2021). Developmental regulation of stolon and rhizome. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 59, 101970.
- Kazancı, C., Oruç, S., & Mosulishvili, M. (2020). Medicinal ethnobotany of wild plants: a cross-cultural comparison around Georgia-Turkey border, the Western Lesser Caucasus. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 16, 1-20.
Kidane, L., & Kejela, A. (2021). Food security and environment conservation through sustainable use of wild and semi-wild edible plants: a case study in Berek Natural Forest, Oromia special zone, Ethiopia. Agriculture & Food Security, 10(1), 29.
- Koca, L., Hasbay, İ., Bostanci, S., Yılmaz, V., & Koca, A. (2015). Some wild edible plants and their dietary fiber contents. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 14(4).
- Lin, Y., Watts, D. B., Kloepper, J. W., Adesemoye, A. O., & Feng, Y. (2019). Effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria at various nitrogen rates on corn growth. Agricultural Sciences, 10(12), 1542.
- Naserzadeh, Y., Kartoolinejad, D., Mahmoudi, N., Zargar, M., Pakina, E., Heydari, M., ... & Kavhiza, N. J. (2018). Nine strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida: Effects on growth indices, seed and yield production of Carthamus tinctorius L. Research on Crops, 19(4), 622-632.
- Novák, P., Zukal, D., Kalníková, V., Chytrý, K., & Kavgacı, A. (2019). Ecology and syntaxonomy of Colchic forests in south-western Georgia (Caucasus region). Phytocoenologia, 49(3).
- Özer, M. Ö., & Aksoy, M. (2019). Mineral composition and nutritional properties of Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don populations in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 18(4), 157-167.
Santoyo, G., Urtis-Flores, C. A., Loeza-Lara, P. D., Orozco-Mosqueda, M. D. C., & Glick, B. R. (2021). Rhizosphere colonization determinants by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Biology, 10(6), 475.
- Singh, P., Singh, R. K., Li, H. B., Guo, D. J., Sharma, A., Verma, K. K., ... & Li, Y. R. (2024). Nitrogen fixation and phytohormone stimulation of sugarcane plant through plant growth promoting diazotrophic Pseudomonas. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews, 40(1), 15-35.
- Selvi, F., & Bigazzi, M. (2001). Leaf surface and anatomy in Boraginaceae tribe Boragineae with respect to ecology and taxonomy. Flora, 196(4), 269-285.
- Taghouti, I., Cristobal, R., Brenko, A., Stara, K., Markos, N., Chapelet, B., & Bonet, J. A. (2022). The market evolution of medicinal and aromatic plants: A global supply chain analysis and an application of the delphi method in the Mediterranean area. Forests, 13(5), 808.
- Üstün, N. Ş., Pekşen, A., Bulam, S., & Duran, H. (2018). Edible wild herbaceous plants consumed in Giresun province. Acta Biologica Turcica, 32(2), 84-89.
- Vocciante, M., Grifoni, M., Fusini, D., Petruzzelli, G., & Franchi, E. (2022). The role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in mitigating plant’s environmental stresses. Applied Sciences, 12(3), 1231.
- Yıldız, A., Başpınar, U. F., Sapaz, D., Peker, O., Keskin, E., Yazıcı, K., Namlı, A., Turgay, O. C. (2024). Importance of Metagenomic Analysis in Determining the Effect of Biofertilizer on Soil Microbiota. National Tea Congress / 21-23 May 2024, Rize, Türkiye. P:32-33.
- Zhang, Y., Gao, X., Shen, Z., Zhu, C., Jiao, Z., Li, R., & Shen, Q. (2019). Pre-colonization of PGPR triggers rhizosphere microbiota succession associated with crop yield enhancement. Plant and Soil, 439, 553-567.
- Zhu, L., Zhang, P., Ma, S., Yu, Q., Wang, H., Liu, Y., ... & Chen, Y. (2024). Enhancing carrot (Daucus carota var. sativa Hoffm.) plant productivity with combined rhizosphere microbial consortium. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, 1466300.