Araştırma Makalesi
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Urbanization Patterns and Their Influence on Educational Outcomes: Insights from the Provincial Wellbeing Index Data of Türkiye

Yıl 2025, , 1206 - 1231, 15.06.2025

Orhun Kaptan , Mithat Korumaz

https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2025..-1566049

Öz

In this study, we investigate the factors influencing educational achievement in Turkish provinces using data from the Provincial Life Index in Türkiye. This quantitative research incorporates both correlational and causal comparisons in its analysis. Our analysis reveals several significant relationships between socioeconomic and environmental indicators as a part of urbanization and the average Transition to Upper Secondary Education Examination (TSE) scores by province. The study's primary findings reveal that factors such as the number of rooms per person, the number of traffic accidents with injury or death, the proportion of faculty and college graduates, and toilet availability in dwellings are positively associated with educational success. Conversely, higher infant mortality, unemployment, and lower health satisfaction rates negatively correlate with average TSE scores. Additionally, the analysis identifies rooms per person and infant mortality rates in a province as the most significant predictors, highlighting their importance in explaining variations in educational outcomes among provinces. Our findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between urbanization, socioeconomic factors, and education in Türkiye, shedding light on areas that require targeted interventions to improve educational outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Educational achievement High-stakes testing Urbanization Educational inequalities Life satisfaction Wellbeing index

Kaynakça

  • Ainsworth, J. W. (2002). Why does it take a aillage? The mediation of neighborhood effects on educational achievement. Social Forces, 81(1), 117–152. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2002.0038
  • Andersson, E., & Subramanian, S. V. (2006). Explorations of neighbourhood and educational outcomes for young Swedes. Urban Studies, 43(11), 2013–2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980600897834
  • Andersson, R., Quigley, J. M., & Wilhelmsson, M. (2009). Urbanization, productivity, and innovation: Evidence from investment in higher education. Journal of Urban Economics, 66(1), 2–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2009.02.004
  • Asirdizer, M., Uluçay, T., Hekimoğlu, Y., Yılmaz, İ., & Yavuz, M. S. (2014). Türkiye’de trafik kazaları, nüfus yoğunluğu ve motorlu taşıt sayısı arasındaki ilişki. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 19(1), 29–37.
  • Baroutsis, A., & Lingard, B. (2017). Counting and comparing school performance: An analysis of media coverage of PISA in Australia, 2000–2014. Journal of Education Policy, 32(4), 432–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2016.1252856
  • Bauder, H. (2001). ‘You’re good with your hands, why don’t you become an auto mechanic’: Neighborhood context, institutions and career development. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 25(3), 593–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00331
  • Bray, M. (2013). Shadow education: Comparative perspectives on the expansion and implications of private supplementary tutoring. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 77, 412–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.03.096
  • Buğra, A. (2018). Kapitalizm, yoksulluk ve Türkiye’de sosyal politika (9th ed.). İletişim.
  • Buyruk, H. (2014). Öğretmen performansının göstergesi olarak merkezi sınavlar ve eğitimde performans değerlendirme. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 28–42.
  • Çavuşoğlu, E. (2016). Türkiye kentleşmesinin toplumsal arkeolojisi. Ayrıntı.
  • Choy, L. H. T., & Li, V. J. (2017). The role of higher education in China’s inclusive urbanization. Cities, 60, 504–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.04.008
  • Collier, P., & Venables, A. J. (2014). Housing and urbanization in Africa: Unleashing a formal market process. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 6871. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id=2439694
  • Cornelius, K., & Mackey-Smith, K. (2022). Improving educational outcomes: Why don’t remote schools in Australia measure up? Issues in Educational Research, 32(3), 925–942.
  • Croft, J. (2004). Positive choice, no choice or total rejection: The perennial problem of school catchments, housing and neighbourhoods. Housing Studies, 19(6), 927–945. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267303042000293017
  • Crowder, K., & South, S. J. (2003). Neighborhood distress and school dropout: The variable significance of community context. Social Science Research, 32(4), 659–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0049-089X(03)00035-8
  • Curley, A. (2005). Theories of urban poverty and implications for public housing policy. J. Soc. & Soc. Welfare, 32, 97.
  • Dasgupta, B., Lall, S. V., & Lozano Gracia, N. (2014). Urbanization and Housing Investment (SSRN Scholarly Paper 2968706). https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2968706
  • Davis, M. (2020). Gecekoddu gezegeni (4th ed.). Metis.
  • Erder, S. (2021). İstanbul’a bir kent kondu: Ümraniye (6. Baskı). İletişim.
  • Erder, S. (2023). Yeni nesil popülizm ve kentsel gerilim: Pendik örneği. İletişim.
  • Erdoğan, İ., Çifçili, V., & Meşeci-Giorgetti, F. (2010). Seviye belirleme sınavının dersler ve bölgesel farklılıklar açısından incelenmesi. HAYEF Journal of Education, 7(1), 81–95.
  • Erdoğan, İ., Meşeci-Giorgetti, F., & Çiftçili, V. (2011). Seviye belirleme sınavı yordayıcıları ve eğitim imkânlarında eşitlik sorunu. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 11(1), 215–228.
  • Forster, C. (2006). The challenge of change: Australian cities and urban planning in the new millennium. Geographical Research, 44(2), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2006.00374.x
  • Fox, J., & Monette, G. (1992). Generalized collinearity diagnostics. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87(417), 178–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1992.10475190
  • Galster, G., Marcotte, D. E., Mandell, M., Wolman, H., & Augustine, N. (2007). The influence of neighborhood poverty during childhood on fertility, education, and earnings outcomes. Housing Studies, 22(5), 723–751. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673030701474669
  • Guenther, J. (2013). Are we making education count in remote Australian communities or just counting education? The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 42(2), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2013.23
  • Hair, J. F., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate data analysis (4th ed.). Prentice-Hall.
  • Han, K. T., Madhuri, M., & Scull, W. R. (2015). Two sides of the same coin: Preservice teachers’ dispositions towards critical pedagogy and social justice concerns in rural and urban teacher education contexts. The Urban Review, 47(4), 626–656.
  • Harvey, D. (2020). Kent deneyimi (E. Soğancılar, Trans.; 3. Baskı). Sel Yayıncılık. Havighurst, R. J. (1967). Urbanization and education in the United States. International Review of Education, 393–409.
  • Hennig, C., Meila, M., Murtagh, F., & Rocci, R. (2015). Handbook of cluster analysis. CRC press.
  • Işık, O., & Pınarcıoğlu, M. (2021). Nöbetleşe yoksulluk: Sultanbeyli örneği (13th ed.). İletişim.
  • Ji, L., & Zhang, W. (2019). Fiscal incentives and sustainable urbanization: Evidence from China. Sustainability, 12(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010103
  • Johnsson, T. (1992). A procedure for stepwise regression analysis. Statistical Papers, 33(1), 21–29.
  • Kasarda, J. D., & Crenshaw, E. M. (1991). Third world urbanization: Dimensions, theories, and determinants. Annual Review of Sociology, 17(1), 467–501. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.17.080191.002343
  • Kentor, J. (1981). Structural determinants of peripheral urbanization: The effects of international dependence. American Sociological Review, 46(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094979
  • Keyder, Ç. (2018). İstanbul: Küresel ile yerel arasında (5th ed.). Metis.
  • Kim, C. (1996). Cutoff values for cook’s distance. Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods, 3(2), 13–19.
  • Kim, C., & Storer, B. E. (1996). Reference values for cook’s distance. Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 25(3), 691–708. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610919608813337
  • Klecka, W. R., Iversen, G. R., & Klecka, W. R. (1980). Discriminant analysis (Vol. 19). Sage.
  • Koca, B., & Altınoluk, D. (Eds.). (2022). Suriyeliler her yerde! Yerliler ve göçmenler. İletişim.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space. Blackwell.
  • Lu, Y., Shi, V., & Pettit, C. J. (2023). The impacts of public schools on housing prices of residential properties: A case study of Greater Sydney, Australia. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 12(7), 298.
  • Moomaw, R. L., & Shatter, A. M. (1996). Urbanization and economic development: A bias toward large cities? Journal of Urban Economics, 40(1), 13–37. https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1996.0021
  • Ooi, G. L., & Phua, K. H. (2007). Urbanization and slum formation. Journal of Urban Health, 84(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-007-9167-5
  • Pandey, S. M. (1977). Nature and determinants of urbanization in a developing Economy: The case of India. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 25(2), 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1086/450946
  • Perlín, R. (2010). Theoretical approaches of methods to delimitate rural and urban areas. European Countryside, 2(4), 182.
  • Pérouse, J.-F., & Danış, A. D. (2005). Zenginliğin mekânda yeni yansımaları: İstanbul’da güvenlikli siteler. Toplum ve Bilim, 104, 92–123.
  • Rahman, M. M. (2010). The Australian housing market – understanding the causes and effects of rising prices. Policy Studies, 31(5), 577–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2010.497261
  • Rotolo, T., Wilson, J., & Hughes, M. E. (2010). Homeownership and volunteering: An alternative approach to studying social inequality and civic engagement1. Sociological Forum, 25(3), 570–587. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2010.01196.x
  • Rutz, H., & Balkan, E. M. (2022). Reproducing class: Education, neoliberalism, and the rise of the new middle class in Istanbul. Berghahn Books.
  • Sarı, V. İ., Gökyurt, F., & Doğan, T. (2019). Nüfus yoğunluğu ve kentsel işlevler ile Türkiye’de ilçelerin kentleşme düzeyinin ölçülmesi. Kalkınma Ajansları Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını, 1.
  • Şenyapılı, T. (2016). Barakadan gecekonduya: Ankara’da kentsel mekanın dönüşü 1923—1960 (2nd ed.). İletişim.
  • Smith, C., Parr, N., & Muhidin, S. (2019). Mapping schools’ NAPLAN results: A spatial inequality of school outcomes in Australia. Geographical Research, 57(2), 133–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12317
  • Sykes, B. (2011). Spatial order and social position: Neighbourhoods, schools and educational inequality. Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host].
  • Sykes, B., & Musterd, S. (2011). Examining neighbourhood and school effects simultaneously: What does the Dutch evidence show? Urban Studies, 48(7), 1307–1331.
  • Tekeli, İ. (1991). Kent planlaması konuşmaları. TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Yayınları.
  • Tunç, S. (1969). Türkiye’de eğitim eşitliğini engelleyen etkenler. Sevinç Matbaası.

Kentleşme Eğilimleri ve Eğitim Çıktıları Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye İlleri Yaşam Endeksi Verilerinden Bulgular

Yıl 2025, , 1206 - 1231, 15.06.2025

Orhun Kaptan , Mithat Korumaz

https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2025..-1566049

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye İllerde Yaşam Endeksi verileri kullanılarak, Türkiye'deki illerde eğitim başarısını etkileyen faktörler araştırılmıştır. Bu nicel araştırma analizinde hem korelasyonel hem de nedensel karşılaştırmaları içermektedir. Analizler, kentleşmenin bir parçası olan sosyoekonomik ve çevresel göstergeler ile illere göre Ortalama Ortaöğretime Geçiş Sınavı (OOGS) puanları arasında birkaç önemli ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın temel bulguları, kişi başına düşen oda sayısı, yaralanma veya ölümle sonuçlanan trafik kazası sayısı, fakülte ve yüksekokul mezunu oranı ve konutlarda tuvalet bulunmasının eğitim başarısıyla pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna karşılık, yüksek bebek ölümleri, işsizlik ve düşük sağlık memnuniyeti oranları ortalama OOGS puanlarıyla negatif bir korelasyon sergilemektedir. Ayrıca analiz bir ilde kişi başına düşen oda sayısı ve bebek ölüm oranlarını en önemli göstergeler olarak tanımlamakta ve bu faktörlerin iller arasındaki eğitim sonuçlarındaki farklılıkları açıklamada ne denli önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular, Türkiye'deki kentleşme, sosyoekonomik faktörler ve eğitim arasındaki karmaşık etkileşime dair değerli çıkarımlar sunarak, eğitim sonuçlarını iyileştirmek için hedeflenmesi gereken müdahale alanlarını aydınlatmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eğitim başarısı Merkezi sınavlar Kentleşme Eğitim eşitsizlikleri Yaşam memnuniyeti İllerde yaşam endeksi.

Kaynakça

  • Ainsworth, J. W. (2002). Why does it take a aillage? The mediation of neighborhood effects on educational achievement. Social Forces, 81(1), 117–152. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2002.0038
  • Andersson, E., & Subramanian, S. V. (2006). Explorations of neighbourhood and educational outcomes for young Swedes. Urban Studies, 43(11), 2013–2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980600897834
  • Andersson, R., Quigley, J. M., & Wilhelmsson, M. (2009). Urbanization, productivity, and innovation: Evidence from investment in higher education. Journal of Urban Economics, 66(1), 2–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2009.02.004
  • Asirdizer, M., Uluçay, T., Hekimoğlu, Y., Yılmaz, İ., & Yavuz, M. S. (2014). Türkiye’de trafik kazaları, nüfus yoğunluğu ve motorlu taşıt sayısı arasındaki ilişki. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 19(1), 29–37.
  • Baroutsis, A., & Lingard, B. (2017). Counting and comparing school performance: An analysis of media coverage of PISA in Australia, 2000–2014. Journal of Education Policy, 32(4), 432–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2016.1252856
  • Bauder, H. (2001). ‘You’re good with your hands, why don’t you become an auto mechanic’: Neighborhood context, institutions and career development. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 25(3), 593–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00331
  • Bray, M. (2013). Shadow education: Comparative perspectives on the expansion and implications of private supplementary tutoring. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 77, 412–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.03.096
  • Buğra, A. (2018). Kapitalizm, yoksulluk ve Türkiye’de sosyal politika (9th ed.). İletişim.
  • Buyruk, H. (2014). Öğretmen performansının göstergesi olarak merkezi sınavlar ve eğitimde performans değerlendirme. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 28–42.
  • Çavuşoğlu, E. (2016). Türkiye kentleşmesinin toplumsal arkeolojisi. Ayrıntı.
  • Choy, L. H. T., & Li, V. J. (2017). The role of higher education in China’s inclusive urbanization. Cities, 60, 504–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.04.008
  • Collier, P., & Venables, A. J. (2014). Housing and urbanization in Africa: Unleashing a formal market process. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 6871. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id=2439694
  • Cornelius, K., & Mackey-Smith, K. (2022). Improving educational outcomes: Why don’t remote schools in Australia measure up? Issues in Educational Research, 32(3), 925–942.
  • Croft, J. (2004). Positive choice, no choice or total rejection: The perennial problem of school catchments, housing and neighbourhoods. Housing Studies, 19(6), 927–945. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267303042000293017
  • Crowder, K., & South, S. J. (2003). Neighborhood distress and school dropout: The variable significance of community context. Social Science Research, 32(4), 659–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0049-089X(03)00035-8
  • Curley, A. (2005). Theories of urban poverty and implications for public housing policy. J. Soc. & Soc. Welfare, 32, 97.
  • Dasgupta, B., Lall, S. V., & Lozano Gracia, N. (2014). Urbanization and Housing Investment (SSRN Scholarly Paper 2968706). https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2968706
  • Davis, M. (2020). Gecekoddu gezegeni (4th ed.). Metis.
  • Erder, S. (2021). İstanbul’a bir kent kondu: Ümraniye (6. Baskı). İletişim.
  • Erder, S. (2023). Yeni nesil popülizm ve kentsel gerilim: Pendik örneği. İletişim.
  • Erdoğan, İ., Çifçili, V., & Meşeci-Giorgetti, F. (2010). Seviye belirleme sınavının dersler ve bölgesel farklılıklar açısından incelenmesi. HAYEF Journal of Education, 7(1), 81–95.
  • Erdoğan, İ., Meşeci-Giorgetti, F., & Çiftçili, V. (2011). Seviye belirleme sınavı yordayıcıları ve eğitim imkânlarında eşitlik sorunu. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 11(1), 215–228.
  • Forster, C. (2006). The challenge of change: Australian cities and urban planning in the new millennium. Geographical Research, 44(2), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2006.00374.x
  • Fox, J., & Monette, G. (1992). Generalized collinearity diagnostics. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87(417), 178–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1992.10475190
  • Galster, G., Marcotte, D. E., Mandell, M., Wolman, H., & Augustine, N. (2007). The influence of neighborhood poverty during childhood on fertility, education, and earnings outcomes. Housing Studies, 22(5), 723–751. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673030701474669
  • Guenther, J. (2013). Are we making education count in remote Australian communities or just counting education? The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 42(2), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2013.23
  • Hair, J. F., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate data analysis (4th ed.). Prentice-Hall.
  • Han, K. T., Madhuri, M., & Scull, W. R. (2015). Two sides of the same coin: Preservice teachers’ dispositions towards critical pedagogy and social justice concerns in rural and urban teacher education contexts. The Urban Review, 47(4), 626–656.
  • Harvey, D. (2020). Kent deneyimi (E. Soğancılar, Trans.; 3. Baskı). Sel Yayıncılık. Havighurst, R. J. (1967). Urbanization and education in the United States. International Review of Education, 393–409.
  • Hennig, C., Meila, M., Murtagh, F., & Rocci, R. (2015). Handbook of cluster analysis. CRC press.
  • Işık, O., & Pınarcıoğlu, M. (2021). Nöbetleşe yoksulluk: Sultanbeyli örneği (13th ed.). İletişim.
  • Ji, L., & Zhang, W. (2019). Fiscal incentives and sustainable urbanization: Evidence from China. Sustainability, 12(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010103
  • Johnsson, T. (1992). A procedure for stepwise regression analysis. Statistical Papers, 33(1), 21–29.
  • Kasarda, J. D., & Crenshaw, E. M. (1991). Third world urbanization: Dimensions, theories, and determinants. Annual Review of Sociology, 17(1), 467–501. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.17.080191.002343
  • Kentor, J. (1981). Structural determinants of peripheral urbanization: The effects of international dependence. American Sociological Review, 46(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094979
  • Keyder, Ç. (2018). İstanbul: Küresel ile yerel arasında (5th ed.). Metis.
  • Kim, C. (1996). Cutoff values for cook’s distance. Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods, 3(2), 13–19.
  • Kim, C., & Storer, B. E. (1996). Reference values for cook’s distance. Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 25(3), 691–708. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610919608813337
  • Klecka, W. R., Iversen, G. R., & Klecka, W. R. (1980). Discriminant analysis (Vol. 19). Sage.
  • Koca, B., & Altınoluk, D. (Eds.). (2022). Suriyeliler her yerde! Yerliler ve göçmenler. İletişim.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space. Blackwell.
  • Lu, Y., Shi, V., & Pettit, C. J. (2023). The impacts of public schools on housing prices of residential properties: A case study of Greater Sydney, Australia. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 12(7), 298.
  • Moomaw, R. L., & Shatter, A. M. (1996). Urbanization and economic development: A bias toward large cities? Journal of Urban Economics, 40(1), 13–37. https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1996.0021
  • Ooi, G. L., & Phua, K. H. (2007). Urbanization and slum formation. Journal of Urban Health, 84(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-007-9167-5
  • Pandey, S. M. (1977). Nature and determinants of urbanization in a developing Economy: The case of India. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 25(2), 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1086/450946
  • Perlín, R. (2010). Theoretical approaches of methods to delimitate rural and urban areas. European Countryside, 2(4), 182.
  • Pérouse, J.-F., & Danış, A. D. (2005). Zenginliğin mekânda yeni yansımaları: İstanbul’da güvenlikli siteler. Toplum ve Bilim, 104, 92–123.
  • Rahman, M. M. (2010). The Australian housing market – understanding the causes and effects of rising prices. Policy Studies, 31(5), 577–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2010.497261
  • Rotolo, T., Wilson, J., & Hughes, M. E. (2010). Homeownership and volunteering: An alternative approach to studying social inequality and civic engagement1. Sociological Forum, 25(3), 570–587. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2010.01196.x
  • Rutz, H., & Balkan, E. M. (2022). Reproducing class: Education, neoliberalism, and the rise of the new middle class in Istanbul. Berghahn Books.
  • Sarı, V. İ., Gökyurt, F., & Doğan, T. (2019). Nüfus yoğunluğu ve kentsel işlevler ile Türkiye’de ilçelerin kentleşme düzeyinin ölçülmesi. Kalkınma Ajansları Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını, 1.
  • Şenyapılı, T. (2016). Barakadan gecekonduya: Ankara’da kentsel mekanın dönüşü 1923—1960 (2nd ed.). İletişim.
  • Smith, C., Parr, N., & Muhidin, S. (2019). Mapping schools’ NAPLAN results: A spatial inequality of school outcomes in Australia. Geographical Research, 57(2), 133–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12317
  • Sykes, B. (2011). Spatial order and social position: Neighbourhoods, schools and educational inequality. Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host].
  • Sykes, B., & Musterd, S. (2011). Examining neighbourhood and school effects simultaneously: What does the Dutch evidence show? Urban Studies, 48(7), 1307–1331.
  • Tekeli, İ. (1991). Kent planlaması konuşmaları. TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Yayınları.
  • Tunç, S. (1969). Türkiye’de eğitim eşitliğini engelleyen etkenler. Sevinç Matbaası.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Yönetimi, Eğitimin Felsefi ve Sosyal Temelleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Orhun Kaptan 0000-0002-1700-9365

Mithat Korumaz 0000-0003-1800-7633

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 3 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 5 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaptan, O., & Korumaz, M. (2025). Urbanization Patterns and Their Influence on Educational Outcomes: Insights from the Provincial Wellbeing Index Data of Türkiye. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 1206-1231. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2025..-1566049