Öz
Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin hızlı gelişimi, interneti günlük yaşamın ayrılmaz bir parçası haline getirmiş ve özellikle alışveriş alışkanlıklarını çevrimiçi faaliyetlerin artmasına doğru dönüştürmüştür. 2019'un sonlarında başlayan Covid-19 salgını, tüketicilerin davranışlarını ve tüketim alışkanlıklarını önemli ölçüde değiştirmiş, salgının yayılması ve hükümetlerin uyguladığı sosyal mesafe önlemleri, çevrimiçi alışverişe geçişi hızlandırmıştır. Perakendeciler, çevrimiçi sipariş işleme kapasitelerini artırarak ve çevrimiçi alışverişin erişim alanını genişleterek bu duruma yanıt verdi. Bu çalışma, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (GIS) kullanarak COVID-19 salgınının çevrimiçi alışveriş alışkanlıkları üzerindeki etkisini üç aşamada incelemektedir: salgın öncesi dönem (10 Şubat 2020 - 1 Ağustos 2020), salgın kısıtlamalarının zirve yaptığı dönem ve kısıtlamaların hafifletildiği “yeni normal” dönem. Ankara'nın çevrimiçi pazar verilerine odaklanan araştırma, bu dönemlerdeki çevrimiçi alışveriş eğilimlerini karşılaştırmaktadır. Sonuçlar, mevcut literatürle uyumlu olarak, pandemi sırasında çevrimiçi alışverişte bir artış olduğunu ve kısıtlamaların gevşemesinin ardından bir düşüş olduğunu göstermektedir. Daha yüksek sosyoekonomik statü (SES) grupları çevrimiçi alışverişe daha yatkınken, daha düşük SES grupları alışverişlerinin daha büyük bir kısmını gıda harcamalarına ayırmıştır. Özellikle, en yüksek SES grubu olan Grup A, P2 döneminde GSYİH'sinin %5,94'ünü alışverişe harcamış ve bu harcamaların %85'ini gıda harcamalarına ayırarak diğer SES gruplarıyla keskin bir kontrast oluşturmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
119C200 2244
Kaynakça
- Alfani, G., & Murphy, T. E. (2017). Plague and lethal epidemics in the pre-industrial world. the Journal of economic History, 77(1), 314-343.
- Ali, N. I., Samsuri, S., Seman, M. S. A., Brohi, I. A., and Shah, A. (2019). Effects of Socioeconomic Characteristics on Online Purchase Intention Among Malaysians. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 16(3), 927-934.
- Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., Davis, S. J., Kost, K. J., Sammon, M. C.,& Viratyosin, T. (2020). The unprecedented stock market impact of COVID-19 (0898-2937).
- Batuman, B. (2013). City profile: Ankara. Cities, 31, 578-590.
- Bhatti, A., Akram, H., Basit, H. M., Khan, A. U., Raza, S. M., & Naqvi, M. B. (2020). E-commerce trends during COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, 13(2), 1449-1452.
- Boissay, F., & Rungcharoenkitkul, P. (2020). Macroeconomic effects of Covid-19: an early review. Danışmaz, A. T. (2020). Covıd-19 Salgınının Tüketicilerin Online Alışveriş Tercihine Etkisi. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 83-90.
- Dannenberg, P., Fuchs, M., Riedler, T., & Wiedemann, C. (2020). Digital transition by COVID‐19 pandemic? The German food online retail. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 111(3), 543-560. Didier, T., Huneeus, F., Larrain, M., & Schmukler, S. L. (2021). Financing firms in hibernation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Financial Stability, 53, 100837.
- e-ticaret. (2020). 2019-2020 Yılı 3-4-5 Ayların Karşılaştırılması. https://www.eticaret.gov.tr/istatistikler adresinden edinilmiştir.). Florida, R., Rodriguez-Pose, A., & Storper, M. (2021). Critical Commentary: Cities in a post-COVID world. Urban Studies, 60(8).
- Ganapathi, R. (2015). A study on factors affecting online shopping behavior of consumers in Chennai. Journal of Management Research and Analysis, 2(2), 123-126. Gopinath, V. (2020). Consumer behavior trends during Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 5(9), 310-313.
- Güven, H. (2020). COVID-19 pandemik krizi sürecinde e-ticarette meydana gelen değişimler. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(5), 251-268. Hashem, T. N. (2020). Examining the Influence of COVID 19 Pandemic in Changing Customers‘ Orientation towards E-Shopping. Modern Applied Science, 14(8).
- Hernández, B., Jiménez, J., & Martín, M. J. (2011). Age, gender and income: do they really moderate online shopping behaviour? Online information review. Hottenroth, V. (2020). Bazaarvoice Network Data - The impact of COVID-19 on e-commerce by category. https://www.bazaarvoice.com/blog/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-e-commerce-by-category/).
- Jordà, Ò., Singh, S. R., &Taylor, A. M. (2020). Longer-run economic consequences of pandemics (0898-2937).
- Kantar. (2020). Accelerated Growth Sees Amazon Crowned 2019‘s BrandZ™ Top 100 Most Valuable Global Brand. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/accelerated-growth-sees-amazon-crowned-2019s-brandz-top-100-most-valuable-global-brand-300863486.html).
- Kaur, K. (2020). Impact of the First Phase of Movement Control Order during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia on purchasing behavior of Malaysian Consumers Kamaljeet Kaur1*, Mageswari Kunasegaran2, Jaspal Singh3, Selvi Salome4, and Sukjeet Kaur Sandhu5. Horizon, 2, 131-144.
- Koch, J., Frommeyer, B., & Schewe, G. (2020). Online Shopping Motives during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Lessons from the Crisis. Sustainability, 12(24), 10247.
- Leone, L. A., Fleischhacker, S., Anderson-Steeves, B., Harper, K., Winkler, M., Racine, E., Baquero, B., & Gittelsohn, J. (2020). Healthy food retail during the COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and future directions. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(20), 7397.
- Li, J., Hallsworth, A. G., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2020). The changing grocery shopping behaviour of chinese consumers at the outset of the covid-19 outbreak. Age, 6(5). McKibbin, W., & Fernando, R. (2021). The global macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19: Seven scenarios. Asian Economic Papers, 20(2), 1-30.
- Naseri, R. N. N. (2021). Issues And Challenges Of Online Shoppingactivities On The Impact Of Corona Pandemic: A Study On Malaysia Retail Industry. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(10), 7682-7686.
- Poelman, M. P., Gillebaart, M., Schlinkert, C., Dijkstra, S. C., Derksen, E., Mensink, F., Hermans, R. C., Aardening, P., de Ridder, D., & de Vet, E. (2021). Eating behavior and food purchases during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study among adults in the Netherlands. Appetite, 157, 105002.
- Roggeveen, A. L., & Sethuraman, R. (2020). How the COVID-19 pandemic may change the world of Retailing. Journal of Retailing, 96(2), 169.
- Safara, F. (2020). A Computational Model to Predict Consumer Behaviour During COVID-19 Pandemic. Computational Economics, 1-14.
- Sánchez-Torres, J. A., Arroyo-Cañada, F., Montoya-Restrepo, L., & Rivera-González, J. (2017). Moderating effect of socioeconomic factors and educational level on electronic purchasing in Colombia. Tékhne, 15(1), 26-34.
- Stanciu, S., Radu, R. I., Sapira, V., Bratoveanu, B. D., & Florea, A. M. (2020). Consumer Behavior in Crisis Situations. Research on the Effects of COVID-19 in Romania. Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati: Fascicle: I, Economics & Applied Informatics, 26(1).
- T.C. Ankara Valiliği. (2021a). Ankara. http://www.ankara.gov.tr/ilcelerimiz).
- T.C. Ankara Valiliği. (2021b). Nüfus ve İdari Durum. http://www.ankara.gov.tr/nufus-ve-idari-durum). Voyvoda, E., and Yeldan, A. (2020). COVID-19 Salgının Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Etkileri ve Politika Alternatiflerinin Makroekonomik Genel Denge Analizi. Salgın Ekonomisi, 187-229.
- Worldometer. (2020). COVID-19 Coranavirus Pandemic. https://www.worldometers.info/corona virus/).08.06.2021
Öz
The rapid advancement of information and communication technologies has deeply integrated the internet into everyday life, notably transforming shopping habits towards increased online activity. The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in late 2019 significantly changed consumer behavior and consumption patterns, with the pandemic’s spread and government-imposed social distancing measures driving a shift to online shopping. Retailers responded by enhancing their online order handling capabilities, expanding the reach of online shopping. This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on online shopping habits using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), spanning three phases: the pre-pandemic period (10 February 2020 - 1 August 2020), the peak pandemic restrictions, and the “new normal” phase of eased restrictions. Focused on Ankara’s online market data, the research compares online shopping trends across these periods. Results align with existing literature, showing an increase in online shopping during the pandemic, with a decline following the relaxation of restrictions. Higher socioeconomic status (SES) groups showed a greater propensity for online shopping, while lower SES groups spent a larger share of their shopping on food. Notably, the highest SES group, Group A, spent 5.94% of their GDP on shopping during the P2 period, with 85% of this expenditure on food, highlighting a stark contrast with other SES groups.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
TUBITAK
Proje Numarası
119C200 2244
Teşekkür
This publication, within the framework of University-Industry Cooperation between Eskişehir Technical University and Başarsoft, Prof. Dr. It has been prepared within the scope of Başarsoft Academy program carried out by Alper Çabuk and TUBITAK supported project numbered 119C200 2244. The authors thank the Marketyo administrators for their support and the valuable online sales data they provided.
Kaynakça
- Alfani, G., & Murphy, T. E. (2017). Plague and lethal epidemics in the pre-industrial world. the Journal of economic History, 77(1), 314-343.
- Ali, N. I., Samsuri, S., Seman, M. S. A., Brohi, I. A., and Shah, A. (2019). Effects of Socioeconomic Characteristics on Online Purchase Intention Among Malaysians. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 16(3), 927-934.
- Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., Davis, S. J., Kost, K. J., Sammon, M. C.,& Viratyosin, T. (2020). The unprecedented stock market impact of COVID-19 (0898-2937).
- Batuman, B. (2013). City profile: Ankara. Cities, 31, 578-590.
- Bhatti, A., Akram, H., Basit, H. M., Khan, A. U., Raza, S. M., & Naqvi, M. B. (2020). E-commerce trends during COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, 13(2), 1449-1452.
- Boissay, F., & Rungcharoenkitkul, P. (2020). Macroeconomic effects of Covid-19: an early review. Danışmaz, A. T. (2020). Covıd-19 Salgınının Tüketicilerin Online Alışveriş Tercihine Etkisi. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 83-90.
- Dannenberg, P., Fuchs, M., Riedler, T., & Wiedemann, C. (2020). Digital transition by COVID‐19 pandemic? The German food online retail. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 111(3), 543-560. Didier, T., Huneeus, F., Larrain, M., & Schmukler, S. L. (2021). Financing firms in hibernation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Financial Stability, 53, 100837.
- e-ticaret. (2020). 2019-2020 Yılı 3-4-5 Ayların Karşılaştırılması. https://www.eticaret.gov.tr/istatistikler adresinden edinilmiştir.). Florida, R., Rodriguez-Pose, A., & Storper, M. (2021). Critical Commentary: Cities in a post-COVID world. Urban Studies, 60(8).
- Ganapathi, R. (2015). A study on factors affecting online shopping behavior of consumers in Chennai. Journal of Management Research and Analysis, 2(2), 123-126. Gopinath, V. (2020). Consumer behavior trends during Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 5(9), 310-313.
- Güven, H. (2020). COVID-19 pandemik krizi sürecinde e-ticarette meydana gelen değişimler. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(5), 251-268. Hashem, T. N. (2020). Examining the Influence of COVID 19 Pandemic in Changing Customers‘ Orientation towards E-Shopping. Modern Applied Science, 14(8).
- Hernández, B., Jiménez, J., & Martín, M. J. (2011). Age, gender and income: do they really moderate online shopping behaviour? Online information review. Hottenroth, V. (2020). Bazaarvoice Network Data - The impact of COVID-19 on e-commerce by category. https://www.bazaarvoice.com/blog/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-e-commerce-by-category/).
- Jordà, Ò., Singh, S. R., &Taylor, A. M. (2020). Longer-run economic consequences of pandemics (0898-2937).
- Kantar. (2020). Accelerated Growth Sees Amazon Crowned 2019‘s BrandZ™ Top 100 Most Valuable Global Brand. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/accelerated-growth-sees-amazon-crowned-2019s-brandz-top-100-most-valuable-global-brand-300863486.html).
- Kaur, K. (2020). Impact of the First Phase of Movement Control Order during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia on purchasing behavior of Malaysian Consumers Kamaljeet Kaur1*, Mageswari Kunasegaran2, Jaspal Singh3, Selvi Salome4, and Sukjeet Kaur Sandhu5. Horizon, 2, 131-144.
- Koch, J., Frommeyer, B., & Schewe, G. (2020). Online Shopping Motives during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Lessons from the Crisis. Sustainability, 12(24), 10247.
- Leone, L. A., Fleischhacker, S., Anderson-Steeves, B., Harper, K., Winkler, M., Racine, E., Baquero, B., & Gittelsohn, J. (2020). Healthy food retail during the COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and future directions. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(20), 7397.
- Li, J., Hallsworth, A. G., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2020). The changing grocery shopping behaviour of chinese consumers at the outset of the covid-19 outbreak. Age, 6(5). McKibbin, W., & Fernando, R. (2021). The global macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19: Seven scenarios. Asian Economic Papers, 20(2), 1-30.
- Naseri, R. N. N. (2021). Issues And Challenges Of Online Shoppingactivities On The Impact Of Corona Pandemic: A Study On Malaysia Retail Industry. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(10), 7682-7686.
- Poelman, M. P., Gillebaart, M., Schlinkert, C., Dijkstra, S. C., Derksen, E., Mensink, F., Hermans, R. C., Aardening, P., de Ridder, D., & de Vet, E. (2021). Eating behavior and food purchases during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study among adults in the Netherlands. Appetite, 157, 105002.
- Roggeveen, A. L., & Sethuraman, R. (2020). How the COVID-19 pandemic may change the world of Retailing. Journal of Retailing, 96(2), 169.
- Safara, F. (2020). A Computational Model to Predict Consumer Behaviour During COVID-19 Pandemic. Computational Economics, 1-14.
- Sánchez-Torres, J. A., Arroyo-Cañada, F., Montoya-Restrepo, L., & Rivera-González, J. (2017). Moderating effect of socioeconomic factors and educational level on electronic purchasing in Colombia. Tékhne, 15(1), 26-34.
- Stanciu, S., Radu, R. I., Sapira, V., Bratoveanu, B. D., & Florea, A. M. (2020). Consumer Behavior in Crisis Situations. Research on the Effects of COVID-19 in Romania. Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati: Fascicle: I, Economics & Applied Informatics, 26(1).
- T.C. Ankara Valiliği. (2021a). Ankara. http://www.ankara.gov.tr/ilcelerimiz).
- T.C. Ankara Valiliği. (2021b). Nüfus ve İdari Durum. http://www.ankara.gov.tr/nufus-ve-idari-durum). Voyvoda, E., and Yeldan, A. (2020). COVID-19 Salgının Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Etkileri ve Politika Alternatiflerinin Makroekonomik Genel Denge Analizi. Salgın Ekonomisi, 187-229.
- Worldometer. (2020). COVID-19 Coranavirus Pandemic. https://www.worldometers.info/corona virus/).08.06.2021
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Bilgisayar Yazılımı |
| Bölüm | Articles |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 119C200 2244 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 28 Mayıs 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 16 Mayıs 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 20 Mayıs 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 |
