Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Dijital Çağda Veri Gazeteciliği: Manipülasyon Riskleri, Güvenilirlik ve Uygulamalı Bir Veri Okuryazarlığı Analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 186 - 216, 30.04.2025

Ayşen Yalman

https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1589747

Öz

Bu makale, dijital çağda veri gazeteciliğinin, haber üretimi ve sunumu süreçlerini nasıl dönüştürdüğünü; ancak aynı zamanda bilgi manipülasyonuna da açık bir alan yarattığını vurgulamaktadır. Veri okuryazarlığı düşük olan gazeteciler, verilerin doğru analiz edilmesi ve etkili şekilde sunulması konusunda yetersiz kalmakta, bu da haberlerin doğruluğunu ve güvenilirliğini tehlikeye atmaktadır. Bu eksiklik, medya içeriğinde manipülasyon riskini artırarak, toplumu yanıltıcı bilgilerle yanlış yönlendirebilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, araştırmada, gazetecilerin veri okuryazarlık düzeyleri ve bu düzeyin veri manipülasyonu üzerindeki etkisi iki aşamalı bir yöntemle incelenmiştir: Gazetecilerin veri okuryazarlık düzeyleri ölçülmüş ve yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, veri okuryazarlığı düzeyi düşük olan gazetecilerin manipülasyon tekniklerini fark etmede yetersiz olduklarını, dolayısıyla okuyuculara yanıltıcı bilgiler sunma riskinin arttığını göstermiştir.
Bulgular, gazetecilerin %70’inin veri okuryazarlığı eğitimi almadığını ve %100’ünün veri yoluyla manipülasyonun mümkün olduğunu kabul ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, veri okuryazarlığı yetersiz olan gazetecilerin, verilerin doğru analiz edilmesi ve etkili bir şekilde sunulmasında yaşadıkları zorlukların, haberlerin doğruluğunu ve güvenilirliğini tehlikeye attığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Veri Gazeteciliği Veri Manipülasyonu Haber Oyun (Newsgame) İnfografik Haber Veri Görselleştirme

Kaynakça

  • Aarseth, E. (2001). Computer game studies, year one. Game Studies, 1(1). http://www.gamestudies.org/0101/editorial.html
  • Alankuş, S. (2005). Demokratik bir medya ortamı için yerel/sivil medya ve yeni imkânlar. Medya ve Toplum, Habercinin El Kitabı 1 (ss. 95-128). IPS İletişim Vakfı Yayınları.
  • Alışkan, R. (2022). Veri gazeteciliğinin nesnellik iddiasına eleştirel bir bakış: Haber örnekleri üzerinden bir inceleme [Yüksek lisans tezi, İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi].
  • Altun, A. (2008). Türkiye'de medya okuryazarlığı. İlköğretmen Eğitimci Dergisi, 16, 30-34.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: SPSS uygulamalı (6. baskı). Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Ambrose, G., & Billson, A. (2013). Approach and language. Literatür Publishing.
  • Ambrose, G., & Harris, P. (2010). Görsel grafik tasarım sözlüğü (B. Barhana, Çev.). Literatür Yayınevi.
  • Anderson, C. (2008). The end of theory: The data deluge makes the scientific method obsolete. Wired Magazine, 16(7), 16-07.
  • Annaka, S. (2021). Political regime, data transparency, and COVID-19 death cases. SSM - Population Health, 15, Article 100832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100832
  • Aslan, A., Bayrakçı, S., & Küçükvardar, M. (2016). Bilişim çağında geleneksel gazeteciliğin dönüşümü: Veri gazeteciliği. Marmara İletişim Dergisi, 26, 55-70.
  • Assange, J. (2012). Şifrepunk - Özgürlük ve internetin geleceği üzerine bir tartışma. Metis.
  • Atabek, Ü. (2005). İletişim teknolojileri ve yerel medya için olanaklar. Yeni İletişim Teknolojileri ve Medya, 2.
  • Athanases, S., Wahleithner, J., & Bennett, L. (2012). Learning to attend to culturally and linguistically diverse learners through teacher inquiry in teacher education. Teachers College Record, 114(7), 1-50.
  • Ausserhofer, D., Schubert, M., Engberg, S., Blegen, M., De Geest, S., & Schwendimann, R. (2012). Nurse-reported patient safety climate in Swiss hospitals-A descriptive-explorative substudy of the Swiss RN4cast study. Swiss Medical Weekly, 142(1).
  • Baack, S. (2011). A new style of news reporting: Wikileaks and data-driven journalism. Cyborg Subjects, 1-10. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-400253
  • Battersby, M. (2010). Is that a fact? Broadview Press.
  • Bhargava, R., Kadouaki, R., Bhargava, E., Castro, G., & D'Ignazio, C. (2016). Data murals: Using the arts to build data literacy. The Journal of Community Informatics, 12(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.15353/joci.v12i3.3285
  • Blanchard, G. L. (2011). Journalisme et jeux vidéo: Un public en invention. Les Cahiers du Journalisme, (22-23), 100-117.
  • Bogost, I. (2010). Persuasive games: The expressive power of videogames. MIT Press.
  • Bogost, I., Ferrari, S., & Schweizer, B. (2010). Newsgames: Journalism at play. MIT Press.
  • Bourscheid, A. P. (2017). Jogando a notícia: Narrativas jornalísticas produzidas a partir dos recursos dos games. Pauta Geral-Estudos em Jornalismo, 4(2), 151-166.
  • Bowler, L., Acker, A., Jeng, W., & Chi, Y. (2017). "It lives all around us": Aspects of data literacy in teen's lives. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 54(1), 27-35.
  • Boyles, J. (2018). The evolution of data journalism. Journalism Studies, 20(4), 543-560.
  • Boyles, J. L. (2021). What is data literacy? Journalism Research That Matters, 167.
  • Bradshaw, P. (2017). Data journalism. In The online journalism handbook (pp. 250-280). Routledge.
  • Bradshaw, P. (2018). Data journalism teaching, fast and slow. Asia Pacific Media Educator, 28(1), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1326365X18769395
  • Burmester, M., Mast, M., Tille, R., & Weber, W. (2010, July). How users perceive and use interactive information graphics: An exploratory study. In 2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation (pp. 361-368). IEEE.
  • Cabales, V. (2019). A brief introduction to newsgames: Can video games be used to tell the news? Knight Lab. https://knightlab.northwestern.edu/2019/06/10/newsgames-intro/
  • Cairo, A. (2014). Data journalism needs to up its own standards. Nieman Lab. http://www.niemanlab.org/2014/07/alberto-cairo-data-journalism-needs-to-upits-own-standards/
  • Cairo, A. (2012). The functional art: An introduction to information graphics and visualization. New Riders.
  • Cavallo, A., & Rigobon, R. (2016). Milyar fiyat projesi: Ölçüm ve araştırma için çevrimiçi fiyatların kullanılması. Ekonomik Perspektifler Dergisi, 30(2), 151-178.
  • Chang, R., Lee, A., Ghoniem, M., Kosara, R., Ribarsky, W., Yang, J., Suma, E. A., Ziemkiewicz, C., Kern, D. A., & Sudjianto, A. (2008). Scalable and interactive visual analysis of financial wire transactions for fraud detection. Information Visualization, 7, 63-76.
  • Clark, R. C., & Lyons, C. (2010). Graphics for learning: Proven guidelines for planning, designing, and evaluating visuals in training materials. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2011). E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. Pfeiffer.
  • Cmeciu, C., Manolache, M., & Bardan, A. (2016). Beyond the narrative visualization of infographics on European issues. Studies in Media and Communication, 4(2), 54-69.
  • Coddington, M. (2015). Clarifying journalism's quantitative turn: A typology for evaluating data journalism, computational journalism, and computer-assisted reporting. Digital Journalism, 3(3), 331–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.976400
  • Çinarli, I. (2014). Stratejik iletişim yönetimi bağlamında paydaş kuramı'nın eleştirel bir değerlendirmesi. Istanbul Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Hakemli Dergisi, (46).
  • Dağ, P. (2014). Dünyada ve Türkiye'de: Veri gazeteciliği! Medium. https://medium.com/@pinardag/dunyada-ve-turkiyede-veri-gazetecili-i-4e2a4703d074
  • Deahl, E. (2014). Better the data you know: Developing youth data literacy in schools and informal learning environments. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2445621
  • Deuze, M. (2014). Journalism, media life and the entrepreneurial society. Australian Journalism Review, 36(2), 119-130.
  • Dick, M. (2014). Interactive infographics and news values. Digital Journalism, 2(4), 490-506.
  • Earl, L., & Fullan, M. (2003). Using data in leadership for learning. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 383-394.
  • Eldem Anar, Ü. İ. (2021). Dijital içerik üretiminde "haber oyunları"; gazetecilik öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma. Selçuk İletişim, 14(4), 1764-1792. https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.974922
  • Erdoğan, İ. (2012). Pozitivist metodoloji. Erk Yayınları.
  • Erkman, Ö. (2021). Araştırmacı veri gazeteciliği: Yöntemler, kaynaklar ve araçlar. A. Zinderen (Ed.), Veri gazeteciliği içinde (ss. 77-85). Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Foxman, M. (2015). Play the news: Fun and games in digital journalism. Columbia Journalism School.
  • Frasca, G. (1999). Ludology meets narratology: Similitude and differences. Ludology.org. http://www.ludology.org/articles/ludology.htm
  • Friendly, M. (2008). A brief history of data visualization. In Handbook of data visualization (pp. 15–56). Springer.
  • Furuncu, D. (2019). Haber üretim pratikleri bağlamında veri gazeteciliği: Türkiye'deki gazetecilerin veri gazeteciliğine yaklaşımı [Doktora tezi, Maltepe Üniversitesi].
  • García-Ortega, A., & García-Avilés, J. A. (2020). When journalism and games intersect: Examining news quality, design and mechanics of political newsgames. Convergence, 26(3), 517-536.
  • Gill, A. (2020). Data journalism: A practical introduction. Sage Publications.
  • Golombisky, K., & Hagen, R. (2010). White space is not your enemy: A beginner's guide to communicating visually through graphic, web and multimedia design. Focal Press.
  • Gray, P. (2017). Data journalism. In The online journalism handbook (pp. 250-280). Routledge.
  • Gray, J., Chanbers, L., & Bounegru, L. (2012). Data journalism handbook. O'Reilly Media.
  • Gray, J., Gerlitz, C., & Bounegru, L. (2018). Data infrastructure literacy. Big Data & Society, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951718786316
  • Gül, A. N. (2023). Teknolojinin haber metnine etkisi: Haberoyun/newsgaming kavramı üzerine bir araştırma [Yüksek lisans tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi].
  • Günes, F. (1997). Okur-yazarlık kavramı ve düzeyleri. AÜ Eğitim Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 499-507.
  • Hacking, I. (2001). An introduction to probability and inductive logic. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hafner, C. A., Chik, A., & Jones, R. H. (2015). Digital literacies and language learning. Language Learning & Technology, 19(3), 1–7.
  • Hagen, R., & Golombisky, K. (2010). The scoop on infographics: Maximum information in minimum space. In White space is not your enemy: A beginner's guide to communicating visually through graphic, web and multimedia design (pp. 153-166).
  • Halpern, E. A. (2000). Bilim dışı uzmanlar için bilimsel okuryazarlığa doğru: Grafiksel araçlarla bir t-testine nasıl yaklaşılır? Amerikan Biyoloji Öğretmeni, 62(4), 276-281.
  • Hardy, B. W., Gottfried, J. A., & Winneg, K. M. (2014). Stephen Colbert's civics lesson: How Colbert Super PAC taught viewers about campaign finance. Mass Communication and Society, 17(3), 329–353.
  • Hart, J. C. (2015). Overview of visualization [Video file]. The Computer and the Human. On Coursera. Data Visualization.
  • Healy, A., & Lenz, G. S. (2014). Substituting the end for the whole: Why voters respond primarily to the election‐year economy. American Journal of Political Science, 58(1), 31-47.
  • Heeks, R., & Renken, J. (2018). Data justice for development: What would it mean? Information Development, 34(1), 90-102.
  • Hermida, A. (2010). Twittering the news. Journalism Practice, 4(3), 297-308.
  • Herrero, J. V., & García, X. L. (2017). Interactive feature: A journalistic genre for digital media. In Media and metamedia management (pp. 127-132). Springer International Publishing.
  • Houston, B. (2021). The challenges and successes of global journalism collaborations. In Handbook of global media ethics (pp. 1093-1104). Springer.
  • Howard, A. (2014). The art and science of data-driven journalism. Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia University.
  • Huff, D. (1993). How to lie with statistics. Penguin.
  • Ikemoto, G. S., & Marsh, J. A. (2007). Cutting through the "data-driven" mantra: Different conceptions of data-driven decision making. Teachers College Record, 109(13), 105-131.
  • İrvan, S. (2017). Veri gazeteciliği. Süleyman İrvan Blog. https://suleymanirvan.blogspot.com/2017/08/veri-gazeteciligi.html
  • Johnson, J. A. (2014). Measuring thirty facets of the five factor model with a 120-item public domain inventory: Development of the IPIP-NEO-120. Journal of Research in Personality, 51, 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2014.05.003
  • Jones, B. (2019). Social media and news distribution. Digital Communication Review, 8(4), 112-128.
  • Jones, G. E. (1995). How to lie with charts. Sybex.
  • Kalseth, K., & Cummings, S. (2001). Knowledge management: Development strategy or business strategy? Information Development, 17(3), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666014240917
  • Kalsnes, B. (2016). The power of likes: Social media logic and political communication [Doktora tezi, University of Oslo].
  • Kaye, J., & Quinn, S. (2010). Funding journalism in the digital age. Peter Lang.
  • Kayser-Bril, N., Valeeva, A., & Radchenko, I. (2016). Transformation of communication processes: Data journalism. arXiv preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.01956
  • Kilby, A. (2018). Provoking the citizen: Re-examining the role of TV satire in the Trump era. Journalism Studies, 19(13), 1934–1944.
  • Kirk, A. (2012). Data visualization: A successful design process. Packt Publishing.
  • Kitchin, R. (2014). Veri devrimi: Büyük veri, açık veri, veri altyapıları ve sonuçları. Sage Publications.
  • Kõuts-Klemm, R. (2019). Data literacy among journalists: A skills-assessment based approach. Central European Journal of Communication, 12(3), 299-315.
  • Kovach, B., & Rosenstiel, T. (2001). The elements of journalism: What newspeople should know and the public should expect. Crown Publishers.
  • Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design. Routledge.
  • Krum, R. (2014). Cool infographics: Effective communication with data visualization and design. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Langlois, G. (2014). Being in the world. In Meaning in the age of social media (pp. 141-167). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Lesage, F., & Hackett, R. A. (2014). Between objectivity and openness—The mediality of data for journalism. Media and Communication, 2(2), 42-54.
  • Lewis, S. C., & Westlund, O. (2015). Big data and journalism. Digital Journalism, 3(3), 447-466.
  • Love, N., Stiles, K. E., Mundry, S., & DiRanna, K. (2008). The data coach's guide to improving learning for all students: Unleashing the power of collaborative inquiry. Corwin Press.
  • Mandinach, E. B., & Gummer, E. S. (2013). A systemic view of implementing data literacy in educator preparation. Educational Researcher, 42(1), 30-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803
  • Mandinach, E. B., & Gummer, E. S. (2016). Data literacy for educators: Making it count in preparation and practice. Teachers College Press.
  • Maras, S. (2013). Objectivity in journalism. Polity.
  • Maravall, A. (2012). Identification in dynamic shock-error models (Vol. 165). Springer.
  • Maravall, A. (2012). Update of seasonality tests and automatic model identification in TRAMO-SEATS. Bank of Spain.
  • Markham, A. N. (2019). Verileştirmeye yanıt olarak eleştirel pedagoji. Niteliksel Araştırma, 25(8), 754-760.
  • Marr, B. (2020). Büyük veri iş başında. Mediacat Yayıncılık.
  • Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia learning (2. baskı). Cambridge University Press.
  • McCosker, A. (2017). Data literacies for the postdemographic social media self. First Monday, 22(10). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v22i10.7307
  • McLuhan, M. (2001). Gutenberg galaksisi. Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Means, B., Chen, E., DeBarger, A., & Padilla, C. (2011). Teachers' ability to use data to inform instruction: Challenges and supports. US Department of Education.
  • Meier, K. (2018). Journalism meets games: Newsgames as a new digital genre. Theory, boundaries, utilization. Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies, 7(2), 429-444.
  • Meyer, A. D. (1991). Visual data in organizational research. Organization Science, 2(2), 218-236.
  • Mihelj, S., Bajt, V., & Pankov, M. (2009). Television news, narrative conventions and national imagination. Discourse & Communication, 3(1), 57–78.
  • Miličević, D., & Pleli, N. (2014). Pre-electional decrease of the unemployment rate. Croatian Operational Research Review, 4, 334-344.
  • Nee, R. C., & Santana, A. D. (2021). Podcasting the pandemic: Exploring storytelling formats and shifting journalistic norms in news podcasts related to the coronavirus. Journalism Practice, 16(8), 1559–1577. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1882874
  • Nelson, R. F. (1983). Detecting forest canopy change due to insect activity using Landsat MSS. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 49(9), 1303-1314.
  • Nguyen, A., & Lugo-Ocando, J. (2016). The state of data and statistics in journalism and journalism education: Issues and debates. Journalism, 17(1), 3-17.
  • Öztürk, H. (2021). Veri gazeteciliğinin Türkiye'deki mevcut durumu: Uluslararası platformlarla karşılaştırma [Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi].
  • Pangrazio, L., & Selwyn, N. (2019). 'Kişisel veri okuryazarlıkları': Kişisel dijital verilerin anlaşılmasını geliştirmeye yönelik eleştirel bir okuryazarlık yaklaşımı. Yeni Medya ve Toplum, 21(2), 419-437. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818799523
  • Parasie, S., & Dagiral, E. (2012). Quand le Web colle au territoire: l'exploration de l'information hyperlocale à Chicago. Sciences de la Société, (84-85), 81-101.
  • Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical thinking competency standards. Foundation for Critical Thinking.
  • Plewe, C., & Fürsich, E. (2018). Are newsgames better journalism? Empathy, information and representation in games on refugees and migrants. Journalism Studies, 19(16), 2470-2487.
  • Polletta, F. (2006). It was like a fever: Storytelling in protest and politics. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226673776.001.0001
  • Powers, M. (2012). "In forms that are familiar and yet-to-be invented" American journalism and the discourse of technologically specific work. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 36(1), 24-43.
  • Randviir-Vellamo, A. (2014). Imepilt's newsgames as an art practice and novel form of journalism. Kunstiteaduslikke Uurimusi, 23(01+02), 56-82.
  • Rogers, D. L. (2017). Digital transformation: Practical guide. Moscow Publishing Group.
  • Rogers, S. (2010). The end of the virtual: Digital methods. Amsterdam University Press.
  • Rose, R. J. (1991). Progress in transfer of resistance to redlegged earth mite using gene manipulation technologies.
  • Schildkamp, K., & Lai, M. K. (2013). Conclusions and a data use framework. In Data-based decision making in education: Challenges and opportunities (pp. 177-191).
  • Selwyn, N. (2015). The discursive construction of education in the digital age. Discourse and Digital Practices: Doing Discourse Analysis in the Digital Age, 226-240.
  • Sicart, M. (2008). Newsgames: Theory and design. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Entertainment Computing (pp. 27-33). Springer.
  • Silverman, C., & Alexander, L. (2016). How teens in the Balkans are duping Trump supporters with fake news. Buzzfeed News, 3, 874-888.
  • Siricharoen, W. V. (2013). Infographics: An approach of innovative communication tool for e-entrepreneurship marketing. International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 4(2), 54-71.
  • Smiciklas, M. (2014). The power of infographics: Using pictures to communicate and connect with your audiences. Que Publishing.
  • Smith, M. (2018). Making data visualisation accessible in Turkey [Web blog post].
  • Stalph, F. (2018). Classifying data journalism: A content analysis of daily data-driven stories. Journalism Practice, 12(10), 1332-1350. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1386583
  • Stuart, K. (2015). Gaming the news: Why today's hack events are tomorrow's headlines. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/mar/11/gaming-the-news-why-todays-hack-events-are-tomorrows-headlines
  • Taylor, L. (2017). What is data justice? The case for connecting digital rights and freedoms globally. Big Data & Society, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951717736335
  • Tepeli, Y., & Kayıhan, B. (2016). Muhasebe manipülasyonunun Beneish modeli ile tespit edilmesi: BIST Gıda Maddeler Sanayi Sektörü'nde bir uygulama. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(4), 245-264.
  • Thatcher, B. (2012). An overview of infographics [Webinar]. Illinois Central College Teaching and Learning Center.
  • Tong, J., & Zuo, L. (2019). Othering the European Union through constructing moral panics over 'im/migrant(s)' in the coverage of migration in three British newspapers, 2011–2016. International Communication Gazette, 81(5), 445-469. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048518802237
  • Tong, J., & Zuo, L. (2019). The inapplicability of objectivity: Understanding the work of data journalism. Journalism Practice, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1698974
  • Torres, R. M., & Cano, J. (1995). Critical thinking as influenced by learning style. Journal of Agricultural Education, 36(4), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.1995.04055
  • Treanor, M., & Mateas, M. (2009, September). Newsgames—Procedural rhetoric meets political cartoons. In DiGRA Conference.
  • Tuchman, G. (1978). The news net. Social Research, 253-276.
  • Tufte, E. R. (1983). The visual display of quantitative information (2nd ed.). Graphics Press.
  • Vallance-Jones, F. (2014). Data journalism continues to gain popularity: There are more opportunities than ever to learn. Media, 16(2), 19-20.
  • Wardle, C. (2019). A new world disorder. Scientific American, 321(3), 88-95.
  • Ware, C. (2012). Information visualization: Perception for design. Elsevier.
  • Weber, W., & Rall, H. (2012, July). Data visualization in online journalism and its implications for the production process. In 2012 16th International Conference on Information Visualisation (pp. 349-356). IEEE.
  • Wigan, M. (2012). Görsel illüstrasyon sözlüğü (M. Emir Uslu, Çev.). Literatür Yayınları.
  • Williams, D., & Coles, L. (2007). Teachers' approaches to finding and using research evidence: An information literacy perspective. Educational Research, 49(2), 185-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131880701369719
  • Williams, F. R. (1988). Research methods and the new media. The Free Press.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (11. baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Young, M. L., Hermida, A., & Fulda, J. (2017). What makes for great data journalism? A content analysis of data journalism awards finalists 2012–2015. Journalism Practice, 12(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1270171
  • Zinderen, A. (2019). Veri gazeteciliği ve infografik haber tasarımına yönelik uygulamalı bir analiz [Doktora tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi].
  • Zwinger, S., & Zeiller, M. (2016). Interactive infographics in German online newspapers. Proceedings of the 9th Forum Media Technology 2016, 11.

Data Journalism in the Digital Age: Manipulation Risks, Credibility and a Practical Data Literacy Analysis

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 186 - 216, 30.04.2025

Ayşen Yalman

https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1589747

Öz

This article highlights how data journalism in the digital age has transformed the processes of news production and presentation, but has also created a space for information manipulation. Journalists with low data literacy are unable to analyze data accurately and present it effectively, jeopardizing the accuracy and credibility of news coverage. This deficiency increases the risk of manipulation in media content, which can mislead the public with misleading information. Therefore, in this study, the data literacy levels of journalists and the impact of this level on data manipulation were examined in a two-stage method: Journalists' data literacy levels were measured and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results showed that journalists with low levels of data literacy are less able to recognize manipulation techniques, thus increasing the risk of providing misleading information to readers.
The findings reveal that 70% of journalists have not received data literacy training and 100% of them accept that manipulation through data is possible. This study reveals that journalists with inadequate data literacy have difficulties in analyzing data correctly and presenting it effectively, jeopardizing the accuracy and credibility of news stories.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Data Journalism Data Manipulation Newsgame Infographic News Data Visualization

Kaynakça

  • Aarseth, E. (2001). Computer game studies, year one. Game Studies, 1(1). http://www.gamestudies.org/0101/editorial.html
  • Alankuş, S. (2005). Demokratik bir medya ortamı için yerel/sivil medya ve yeni imkânlar. Medya ve Toplum, Habercinin El Kitabı 1 (ss. 95-128). IPS İletişim Vakfı Yayınları.
  • Alışkan, R. (2022). Veri gazeteciliğinin nesnellik iddiasına eleştirel bir bakış: Haber örnekleri üzerinden bir inceleme [Yüksek lisans tezi, İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi].
  • Altun, A. (2008). Türkiye'de medya okuryazarlığı. İlköğretmen Eğitimci Dergisi, 16, 30-34.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: SPSS uygulamalı (6. baskı). Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Ambrose, G., & Billson, A. (2013). Approach and language. Literatür Publishing.
  • Ambrose, G., & Harris, P. (2010). Görsel grafik tasarım sözlüğü (B. Barhana, Çev.). Literatür Yayınevi.
  • Anderson, C. (2008). The end of theory: The data deluge makes the scientific method obsolete. Wired Magazine, 16(7), 16-07.
  • Annaka, S. (2021). Political regime, data transparency, and COVID-19 death cases. SSM - Population Health, 15, Article 100832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100832
  • Aslan, A., Bayrakçı, S., & Küçükvardar, M. (2016). Bilişim çağında geleneksel gazeteciliğin dönüşümü: Veri gazeteciliği. Marmara İletişim Dergisi, 26, 55-70.
  • Assange, J. (2012). Şifrepunk - Özgürlük ve internetin geleceği üzerine bir tartışma. Metis.
  • Atabek, Ü. (2005). İletişim teknolojileri ve yerel medya için olanaklar. Yeni İletişim Teknolojileri ve Medya, 2.
  • Athanases, S., Wahleithner, J., & Bennett, L. (2012). Learning to attend to culturally and linguistically diverse learners through teacher inquiry in teacher education. Teachers College Record, 114(7), 1-50.
  • Ausserhofer, D., Schubert, M., Engberg, S., Blegen, M., De Geest, S., & Schwendimann, R. (2012). Nurse-reported patient safety climate in Swiss hospitals-A descriptive-explorative substudy of the Swiss RN4cast study. Swiss Medical Weekly, 142(1).
  • Baack, S. (2011). A new style of news reporting: Wikileaks and data-driven journalism. Cyborg Subjects, 1-10. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-400253
  • Battersby, M. (2010). Is that a fact? Broadview Press.
  • Bhargava, R., Kadouaki, R., Bhargava, E., Castro, G., & D'Ignazio, C. (2016). Data murals: Using the arts to build data literacy. The Journal of Community Informatics, 12(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.15353/joci.v12i3.3285
  • Blanchard, G. L. (2011). Journalisme et jeux vidéo: Un public en invention. Les Cahiers du Journalisme, (22-23), 100-117.
  • Bogost, I. (2010). Persuasive games: The expressive power of videogames. MIT Press.
  • Bogost, I., Ferrari, S., & Schweizer, B. (2010). Newsgames: Journalism at play. MIT Press.
  • Bourscheid, A. P. (2017). Jogando a notícia: Narrativas jornalísticas produzidas a partir dos recursos dos games. Pauta Geral-Estudos em Jornalismo, 4(2), 151-166.
  • Bowler, L., Acker, A., Jeng, W., & Chi, Y. (2017). "It lives all around us": Aspects of data literacy in teen's lives. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 54(1), 27-35.
  • Boyles, J. (2018). The evolution of data journalism. Journalism Studies, 20(4), 543-560.
  • Boyles, J. L. (2021). What is data literacy? Journalism Research That Matters, 167.
  • Bradshaw, P. (2017). Data journalism. In The online journalism handbook (pp. 250-280). Routledge.
  • Bradshaw, P. (2018). Data journalism teaching, fast and slow. Asia Pacific Media Educator, 28(1), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1326365X18769395
  • Burmester, M., Mast, M., Tille, R., & Weber, W. (2010, July). How users perceive and use interactive information graphics: An exploratory study. In 2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation (pp. 361-368). IEEE.
  • Cabales, V. (2019). A brief introduction to newsgames: Can video games be used to tell the news? Knight Lab. https://knightlab.northwestern.edu/2019/06/10/newsgames-intro/
  • Cairo, A. (2014). Data journalism needs to up its own standards. Nieman Lab. http://www.niemanlab.org/2014/07/alberto-cairo-data-journalism-needs-to-upits-own-standards/
  • Cairo, A. (2012). The functional art: An introduction to information graphics and visualization. New Riders.
  • Cavallo, A., & Rigobon, R. (2016). Milyar fiyat projesi: Ölçüm ve araştırma için çevrimiçi fiyatların kullanılması. Ekonomik Perspektifler Dergisi, 30(2), 151-178.
  • Chang, R., Lee, A., Ghoniem, M., Kosara, R., Ribarsky, W., Yang, J., Suma, E. A., Ziemkiewicz, C., Kern, D. A., & Sudjianto, A. (2008). Scalable and interactive visual analysis of financial wire transactions for fraud detection. Information Visualization, 7, 63-76.
  • Clark, R. C., & Lyons, C. (2010). Graphics for learning: Proven guidelines for planning, designing, and evaluating visuals in training materials. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2011). E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. Pfeiffer.
  • Cmeciu, C., Manolache, M., & Bardan, A. (2016). Beyond the narrative visualization of infographics on European issues. Studies in Media and Communication, 4(2), 54-69.
  • Coddington, M. (2015). Clarifying journalism's quantitative turn: A typology for evaluating data journalism, computational journalism, and computer-assisted reporting. Digital Journalism, 3(3), 331–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.976400
  • Çinarli, I. (2014). Stratejik iletişim yönetimi bağlamında paydaş kuramı'nın eleştirel bir değerlendirmesi. Istanbul Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Hakemli Dergisi, (46).
  • Dağ, P. (2014). Dünyada ve Türkiye'de: Veri gazeteciliği! Medium. https://medium.com/@pinardag/dunyada-ve-turkiyede-veri-gazetecili-i-4e2a4703d074
  • Deahl, E. (2014). Better the data you know: Developing youth data literacy in schools and informal learning environments. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2445621
  • Deuze, M. (2014). Journalism, media life and the entrepreneurial society. Australian Journalism Review, 36(2), 119-130.
  • Dick, M. (2014). Interactive infographics and news values. Digital Journalism, 2(4), 490-506.
  • Earl, L., & Fullan, M. (2003). Using data in leadership for learning. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 383-394.
  • Eldem Anar, Ü. İ. (2021). Dijital içerik üretiminde "haber oyunları"; gazetecilik öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma. Selçuk İletişim, 14(4), 1764-1792. https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.974922
  • Erdoğan, İ. (2012). Pozitivist metodoloji. Erk Yayınları.
  • Erkman, Ö. (2021). Araştırmacı veri gazeteciliği: Yöntemler, kaynaklar ve araçlar. A. Zinderen (Ed.), Veri gazeteciliği içinde (ss. 77-85). Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Foxman, M. (2015). Play the news: Fun and games in digital journalism. Columbia Journalism School.
  • Frasca, G. (1999). Ludology meets narratology: Similitude and differences. Ludology.org. http://www.ludology.org/articles/ludology.htm
  • Friendly, M. (2008). A brief history of data visualization. In Handbook of data visualization (pp. 15–56). Springer.
  • Furuncu, D. (2019). Haber üretim pratikleri bağlamında veri gazeteciliği: Türkiye'deki gazetecilerin veri gazeteciliğine yaklaşımı [Doktora tezi, Maltepe Üniversitesi].
  • García-Ortega, A., & García-Avilés, J. A. (2020). When journalism and games intersect: Examining news quality, design and mechanics of political newsgames. Convergence, 26(3), 517-536.
  • Gill, A. (2020). Data journalism: A practical introduction. Sage Publications.
  • Golombisky, K., & Hagen, R. (2010). White space is not your enemy: A beginner's guide to communicating visually through graphic, web and multimedia design. Focal Press.
  • Gray, P. (2017). Data journalism. In The online journalism handbook (pp. 250-280). Routledge.
  • Gray, J., Chanbers, L., & Bounegru, L. (2012). Data journalism handbook. O'Reilly Media.
  • Gray, J., Gerlitz, C., & Bounegru, L. (2018). Data infrastructure literacy. Big Data & Society, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951718786316
  • Gül, A. N. (2023). Teknolojinin haber metnine etkisi: Haberoyun/newsgaming kavramı üzerine bir araştırma [Yüksek lisans tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi].
  • Günes, F. (1997). Okur-yazarlık kavramı ve düzeyleri. AÜ Eğitim Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 499-507.
  • Hacking, I. (2001). An introduction to probability and inductive logic. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hafner, C. A., Chik, A., & Jones, R. H. (2015). Digital literacies and language learning. Language Learning & Technology, 19(3), 1–7.
  • Hagen, R., & Golombisky, K. (2010). The scoop on infographics: Maximum information in minimum space. In White space is not your enemy: A beginner's guide to communicating visually through graphic, web and multimedia design (pp. 153-166).
  • Halpern, E. A. (2000). Bilim dışı uzmanlar için bilimsel okuryazarlığa doğru: Grafiksel araçlarla bir t-testine nasıl yaklaşılır? Amerikan Biyoloji Öğretmeni, 62(4), 276-281.
  • Hardy, B. W., Gottfried, J. A., & Winneg, K. M. (2014). Stephen Colbert's civics lesson: How Colbert Super PAC taught viewers about campaign finance. Mass Communication and Society, 17(3), 329–353.
  • Hart, J. C. (2015). Overview of visualization [Video file]. The Computer and the Human. On Coursera. Data Visualization.
  • Healy, A., & Lenz, G. S. (2014). Substituting the end for the whole: Why voters respond primarily to the election‐year economy. American Journal of Political Science, 58(1), 31-47.
  • Heeks, R., & Renken, J. (2018). Data justice for development: What would it mean? Information Development, 34(1), 90-102.
  • Hermida, A. (2010). Twittering the news. Journalism Practice, 4(3), 297-308.
  • Herrero, J. V., & García, X. L. (2017). Interactive feature: A journalistic genre for digital media. In Media and metamedia management (pp. 127-132). Springer International Publishing.
  • Houston, B. (2021). The challenges and successes of global journalism collaborations. In Handbook of global media ethics (pp. 1093-1104). Springer.
  • Howard, A. (2014). The art and science of data-driven journalism. Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia University.
  • Huff, D. (1993). How to lie with statistics. Penguin.
  • Ikemoto, G. S., & Marsh, J. A. (2007). Cutting through the "data-driven" mantra: Different conceptions of data-driven decision making. Teachers College Record, 109(13), 105-131.
  • İrvan, S. (2017). Veri gazeteciliği. Süleyman İrvan Blog. https://suleymanirvan.blogspot.com/2017/08/veri-gazeteciligi.html
  • Johnson, J. A. (2014). Measuring thirty facets of the five factor model with a 120-item public domain inventory: Development of the IPIP-NEO-120. Journal of Research in Personality, 51, 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2014.05.003
  • Jones, B. (2019). Social media and news distribution. Digital Communication Review, 8(4), 112-128.
  • Jones, G. E. (1995). How to lie with charts. Sybex.
  • Kalseth, K., & Cummings, S. (2001). Knowledge management: Development strategy or business strategy? Information Development, 17(3), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666014240917
  • Kalsnes, B. (2016). The power of likes: Social media logic and political communication [Doktora tezi, University of Oslo].
  • Kaye, J., & Quinn, S. (2010). Funding journalism in the digital age. Peter Lang.
  • Kayser-Bril, N., Valeeva, A., & Radchenko, I. (2016). Transformation of communication processes: Data journalism. arXiv preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.01956
  • Kilby, A. (2018). Provoking the citizen: Re-examining the role of TV satire in the Trump era. Journalism Studies, 19(13), 1934–1944.
  • Kirk, A. (2012). Data visualization: A successful design process. Packt Publishing.
  • Kitchin, R. (2014). Veri devrimi: Büyük veri, açık veri, veri altyapıları ve sonuçları. Sage Publications.
  • Kõuts-Klemm, R. (2019). Data literacy among journalists: A skills-assessment based approach. Central European Journal of Communication, 12(3), 299-315.
  • Kovach, B., & Rosenstiel, T. (2001). The elements of journalism: What newspeople should know and the public should expect. Crown Publishers.
  • Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design. Routledge.
  • Krum, R. (2014). Cool infographics: Effective communication with data visualization and design. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Langlois, G. (2014). Being in the world. In Meaning in the age of social media (pp. 141-167). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Lesage, F., & Hackett, R. A. (2014). Between objectivity and openness—The mediality of data for journalism. Media and Communication, 2(2), 42-54.
  • Lewis, S. C., & Westlund, O. (2015). Big data and journalism. Digital Journalism, 3(3), 447-466.
  • Love, N., Stiles, K. E., Mundry, S., & DiRanna, K. (2008). The data coach's guide to improving learning for all students: Unleashing the power of collaborative inquiry. Corwin Press.
  • Mandinach, E. B., & Gummer, E. S. (2013). A systemic view of implementing data literacy in educator preparation. Educational Researcher, 42(1), 30-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12459803
  • Mandinach, E. B., & Gummer, E. S. (2016). Data literacy for educators: Making it count in preparation and practice. Teachers College Press.
  • Maras, S. (2013). Objectivity in journalism. Polity.
  • Maravall, A. (2012). Identification in dynamic shock-error models (Vol. 165). Springer.
  • Maravall, A. (2012). Update of seasonality tests and automatic model identification in TRAMO-SEATS. Bank of Spain.
  • Markham, A. N. (2019). Verileştirmeye yanıt olarak eleştirel pedagoji. Niteliksel Araştırma, 25(8), 754-760.
  • Marr, B. (2020). Büyük veri iş başında. Mediacat Yayıncılık.
  • Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia learning (2. baskı). Cambridge University Press.
  • McCosker, A. (2017). Data literacies for the postdemographic social media self. First Monday, 22(10). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v22i10.7307
  • McLuhan, M. (2001). Gutenberg galaksisi. Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Means, B., Chen, E., DeBarger, A., & Padilla, C. (2011). Teachers' ability to use data to inform instruction: Challenges and supports. US Department of Education.
  • Meier, K. (2018). Journalism meets games: Newsgames as a new digital genre. Theory, boundaries, utilization. Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies, 7(2), 429-444.
  • Meyer, A. D. (1991). Visual data in organizational research. Organization Science, 2(2), 218-236.
  • Mihelj, S., Bajt, V., & Pankov, M. (2009). Television news, narrative conventions and national imagination. Discourse & Communication, 3(1), 57–78.
  • Miličević, D., & Pleli, N. (2014). Pre-electional decrease of the unemployment rate. Croatian Operational Research Review, 4, 334-344.
  • Nee, R. C., & Santana, A. D. (2021). Podcasting the pandemic: Exploring storytelling formats and shifting journalistic norms in news podcasts related to the coronavirus. Journalism Practice, 16(8), 1559–1577. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1882874
  • Nelson, R. F. (1983). Detecting forest canopy change due to insect activity using Landsat MSS. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 49(9), 1303-1314.
  • Nguyen, A., & Lugo-Ocando, J. (2016). The state of data and statistics in journalism and journalism education: Issues and debates. Journalism, 17(1), 3-17.
  • Öztürk, H. (2021). Veri gazeteciliğinin Türkiye'deki mevcut durumu: Uluslararası platformlarla karşılaştırma [Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi].
  • Pangrazio, L., & Selwyn, N. (2019). 'Kişisel veri okuryazarlıkları': Kişisel dijital verilerin anlaşılmasını geliştirmeye yönelik eleştirel bir okuryazarlık yaklaşımı. Yeni Medya ve Toplum, 21(2), 419-437. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818799523
  • Parasie, S., & Dagiral, E. (2012). Quand le Web colle au territoire: l'exploration de l'information hyperlocale à Chicago. Sciences de la Société, (84-85), 81-101.
  • Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical thinking competency standards. Foundation for Critical Thinking.
  • Plewe, C., & Fürsich, E. (2018). Are newsgames better journalism? Empathy, information and representation in games on refugees and migrants. Journalism Studies, 19(16), 2470-2487.
  • Polletta, F. (2006). It was like a fever: Storytelling in protest and politics. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226673776.001.0001
  • Powers, M. (2012). "In forms that are familiar and yet-to-be invented" American journalism and the discourse of technologically specific work. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 36(1), 24-43.
  • Randviir-Vellamo, A. (2014). Imepilt's newsgames as an art practice and novel form of journalism. Kunstiteaduslikke Uurimusi, 23(01+02), 56-82.
  • Rogers, D. L. (2017). Digital transformation: Practical guide. Moscow Publishing Group.
  • Rogers, S. (2010). The end of the virtual: Digital methods. Amsterdam University Press.
  • Rose, R. J. (1991). Progress in transfer of resistance to redlegged earth mite using gene manipulation technologies.
  • Schildkamp, K., & Lai, M. K. (2013). Conclusions and a data use framework. In Data-based decision making in education: Challenges and opportunities (pp. 177-191).
  • Selwyn, N. (2015). The discursive construction of education in the digital age. Discourse and Digital Practices: Doing Discourse Analysis in the Digital Age, 226-240.
  • Sicart, M. (2008). Newsgames: Theory and design. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Entertainment Computing (pp. 27-33). Springer.
  • Silverman, C., & Alexander, L. (2016). How teens in the Balkans are duping Trump supporters with fake news. Buzzfeed News, 3, 874-888.
  • Siricharoen, W. V. (2013). Infographics: An approach of innovative communication tool for e-entrepreneurship marketing. International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 4(2), 54-71.
  • Smiciklas, M. (2014). The power of infographics: Using pictures to communicate and connect with your audiences. Que Publishing.
  • Smith, M. (2018). Making data visualisation accessible in Turkey [Web blog post].
  • Stalph, F. (2018). Classifying data journalism: A content analysis of daily data-driven stories. Journalism Practice, 12(10), 1332-1350. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1386583
  • Stuart, K. (2015). Gaming the news: Why today's hack events are tomorrow's headlines. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/mar/11/gaming-the-news-why-todays-hack-events-are-tomorrows-headlines
  • Taylor, L. (2017). What is data justice? The case for connecting digital rights and freedoms globally. Big Data & Society, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951717736335
  • Tepeli, Y., & Kayıhan, B. (2016). Muhasebe manipülasyonunun Beneish modeli ile tespit edilmesi: BIST Gıda Maddeler Sanayi Sektörü'nde bir uygulama. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(4), 245-264.
  • Thatcher, B. (2012). An overview of infographics [Webinar]. Illinois Central College Teaching and Learning Center.
  • Tong, J., & Zuo, L. (2019). Othering the European Union through constructing moral panics over 'im/migrant(s)' in the coverage of migration in three British newspapers, 2011–2016. International Communication Gazette, 81(5), 445-469. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048518802237
  • Tong, J., & Zuo, L. (2019). The inapplicability of objectivity: Understanding the work of data journalism. Journalism Practice, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1698974
  • Torres, R. M., & Cano, J. (1995). Critical thinking as influenced by learning style. Journal of Agricultural Education, 36(4), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.1995.04055
  • Treanor, M., & Mateas, M. (2009, September). Newsgames—Procedural rhetoric meets political cartoons. In DiGRA Conference.
  • Tuchman, G. (1978). The news net. Social Research, 253-276.
  • Tufte, E. R. (1983). The visual display of quantitative information (2nd ed.). Graphics Press.
  • Vallance-Jones, F. (2014). Data journalism continues to gain popularity: There are more opportunities than ever to learn. Media, 16(2), 19-20.
  • Wardle, C. (2019). A new world disorder. Scientific American, 321(3), 88-95.
  • Ware, C. (2012). Information visualization: Perception for design. Elsevier.
  • Weber, W., & Rall, H. (2012, July). Data visualization in online journalism and its implications for the production process. In 2012 16th International Conference on Information Visualisation (pp. 349-356). IEEE.
  • Wigan, M. (2012). Görsel illüstrasyon sözlüğü (M. Emir Uslu, Çev.). Literatür Yayınları.
  • Williams, D., & Coles, L. (2007). Teachers' approaches to finding and using research evidence: An information literacy perspective. Educational Research, 49(2), 185-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131880701369719
  • Williams, F. R. (1988). Research methods and the new media. The Free Press.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (11. baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Young, M. L., Hermida, A., & Fulda, J. (2017). What makes for great data journalism? A content analysis of data journalism awards finalists 2012–2015. Journalism Practice, 12(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1270171
  • Zinderen, A. (2019). Veri gazeteciliği ve infografik haber tasarımına yönelik uygulamalı bir analiz [Doktora tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi].
  • Zwinger, S., & Zeiller, M. (2016). Interactive infographics in German online newspapers. Proceedings of the 9th Forum Media Technology 2016, 11.
Toplam 148 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Küreselleşme ve Kültür
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ayşen Yalman 0000-0003-2280-2824

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Nisan 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 2 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yalman, A. (2025). Dijital Çağda Veri Gazeteciliği: Manipülasyon Riskleri, Güvenilirlik ve Uygulamalı Bir Veri Okuryazarlığı Analizi. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 20(1), 186-216. https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1589747
AMA Yalman A. Dijital Çağda Veri Gazeteciliği: Manipülasyon Riskleri, Güvenilirlik ve Uygulamalı Bir Veri Okuryazarlığı Analizi. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi. Nisan 2025;20(1):186-216. doi:10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1589747
Chicago Yalman, Ayşen. “Dijital Çağda Veri Gazeteciliği: Manipülasyon Riskleri, Güvenilirlik Ve Uygulamalı Bir Veri Okuryazarlığı Analizi”. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi 20, sy. 1 (Nisan 2025): 186-216. https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1589747.
EndNote Yalman A (01 Nisan 2025) Dijital Çağda Veri Gazeteciliği: Manipülasyon Riskleri, Güvenilirlik ve Uygulamalı Bir Veri Okuryazarlığı Analizi. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi 20 1 186–216.
IEEE A. Yalman, “Dijital Çağda Veri Gazeteciliği: Manipülasyon Riskleri, Güvenilirlik ve Uygulamalı Bir Veri Okuryazarlığı Analizi”, Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, c. 20, sy. 1, ss. 186–216, 2025, doi: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1589747.
ISNAD Yalman, Ayşen. “Dijital Çağda Veri Gazeteciliği: Manipülasyon Riskleri, Güvenilirlik Ve Uygulamalı Bir Veri Okuryazarlığı Analizi”. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi 20/1 (Nisan 2025), 186-216. https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1589747.
JAMA Yalman A. Dijital Çağda Veri Gazeteciliği: Manipülasyon Riskleri, Güvenilirlik ve Uygulamalı Bir Veri Okuryazarlığı Analizi. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi. 2025;20:186–216.
MLA Yalman, Ayşen. “Dijital Çağda Veri Gazeteciliği: Manipülasyon Riskleri, Güvenilirlik Ve Uygulamalı Bir Veri Okuryazarlığı Analizi”. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, c. 20, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 186-1, doi:10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1589747.
Vancouver Yalman A. Dijital Çağda Veri Gazeteciliği: Manipülasyon Riskleri, Güvenilirlik ve Uygulamalı Bir Veri Okuryazarlığı Analizi. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi. 2025;20(1):186-21.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

Creative Commons Lisansı

Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi (AID) bilginin paylaşımı için Açık Erişim Politikasına uymaktadır.