Investigation of Ergonomic Risk Factors, Musculoskeletal System Problems, and Physical Workload in Kitchen Workers
Öz
Objective: The prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in kitchen workers is quite high. Factors such as the high physical workload of kitchen workers, low physical activity levels, non-ergonomic working conditions and job stress have been associated with this high prevalence. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate ergonomic risk factors, musculoskeletal system problems, and physical workload in kitchen workers.
Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted between November 2022 and February 2023 with 87 participants working in various dining hall, restaurant and cafe kitchens. Participants were asked about their demographic information and ergonomic risk factors. Physical workload was assessed using the Physical Workload Questionnaire and musculoskeletal problems were assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.
Results: The median length of occupation was 5.00 (2.00-15.00) years and the median daily working time was 9.00 (8.00-10.00) hours. The ergonomic risk factors that bothered the kitchen workers the most were stress, hot working environment and closed area, respectively. The parts of the body where kitchen workers had the most musculoskeletal problems, both in the last 12 months and in the last 7 days, were the low back, upper back, neck and shoulders. When comparing the physical workload of kitchen workers according to their occupation, there was no significant difference between the groups (p=0.257).
Conclusion: Kitchen workers are at high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Interventions such as ergonomic risk assessment of the work environment, ergonomic training and rest breaks are needed to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal problems in kitchen workers.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kitchen workers musculoskeletal problems physical workload ergonomic risk factors
Etik Beyan
This study was approved by Tarsus University Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (approval number:2022/15, approval date: 27/10/2022) and performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki principles. All subjects willing to participate signed a written informed consent.
Kaynakça
- 1. Shankar S, Shanmugam M, Srinivasan J. Workplace factors and prevalence of low back pain among male commercial kitchen workers. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2015; 28(3):481-8.
- 2. Xu YW, Cheng AS, Li-TsangCW. Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the catering industry: a systematic review\. Work 2013; 44(2):107-16.
- 3. Kahraman T, Genc A, Goz E. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation into Turkish assessing its psychometric properties. Disabil rehabil 2016; 38(21): 2153-60.
- 4. Chyuan JYA, Du CL, Yeh WY, Li CYl. Musculoskeletal disorders in hotel restaurant workers. Occupational Medicine 2004; 54(1):55-7.
- 5. Chyuan JY. Ergonomic assessment of musculoskeletal discomfort among commissary food service workers in Taiwan. Journal of Foodservice Business Research 2007; 10(3):73-86.
- 6. Subramaniam S, Murugesan S. Investigation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among male kitchen workers in South India. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2015; 21(4):524-31.
- 7. Park S, Lee J, Lee JH. Insufficient rest breaks at workplace and musculoskeletal disorders among Korean kitchen workers. Saf Health Work 2021; 12(2):225-29.
- 8. Uhunmwangho CU, Anjorin FO, Imoh LC. Physical Inactivity and Doctor-diagnosed Arthritis among Kitchen Workers in Jos. West Afr J Med 2023; 40(10):1072-8.
- 9. Haukka E, Ojajarvi A, Takala E, Viikari-Juntura E, Leino-Arjas P. Physical workload, leisure-time physical activity, obesity and smoking as predictors of multisite musculoskeletal pain. A 2-year prospective study of kitchen workers. Occup Environ Med 2012; 69(7):485-92.
- 10. Kahraman T, Goz E, Genc A. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Physical Workload Questionnaire. Work 2018; 59(2):295-302.
- 11. Hayran M, Hayran M. Sağlık araştırmaları için temel istatistik. 1st edition ed. 2011: Omega Araştırma.
- 12. Alsaqr AM. Remarks on the use of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients in assessing relationships in ophthalmic data. Afr Vision Eye Health 2021; 80(1):a612.
- 13. Statistical Office of the European Communities. Work and Health in the EU: A Statistical Portrait, Data 1994-2002. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2004.
- 14. Solovieva S, Kontio T, Viikari-Juntura E. Occupation, physical workload factors, and disability retirement as a result of hip osteoarthritis in Finland, 2005-2013. J Rheumatol 2018; 45(4):555-62.
- 15. Liu LW, Wang AH, Hwang SL, Lee YH, Chen CY. Prevalence and risk factors of subjective musculoskeletal symptoms among cooks in Taiwan. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers 2011; 28(5):327-35.
- 16. Hannerz H, Tüchsen F, Kristensen TS. Hospitalizations among employees in the Danish hotel and restaurant industry. Eur J Public Health 2002; 12(3): 192-97.
- 17. Haukka E, Kaila-Kangas L, Luukkonen R, Takala EP, Viikari-Juntura E, Leino-Arjas P. Predictors of sickness absence related to musculoskeletal pain: a two-year follow-up study of workers in municipal kitchens. Scand J Work Environ Health 2014; 40(3):278-86.
- 18. Ansari S, Ataei SS, Varmazyar S, Heydari P. The effect of mental workload and work posture on musculoskeletal disorders of Qazvin hospitals, in 2016. Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology 2016; 5(4): 202-10.
- 19. Tomita S, Muto T, Matsuzuki H, Haruyama Y, Ito A, Muto S, Haratani T, Seo A, Ayabe M, Katomoto S. Risk factors for frequent work-related burn and cut injuries and low back pain among commercial kitchen workers in Japan. Ind Health 2013; 51(3):297-306.
- 20. Jansen JP, Burdorf A. Effects of measurement strategy and statistical analysis on dose-response relations between physical workload and low back pain. Occup Environ Med 2003; v60(12): 942-47.
- 21. Dempsey PG, Filiaggi AJ. Cross-sectional investigation of task demands and musculoskeletal discomfort among restaurant wait staff. Ergonomics 2006; 49(1):93-106.
- 22. Neupane S, Miranda H, Virtanen P, Siukola A, Nygard CH. Do physical or psychosocial factors at work predict multi-site musculoskeletal pain? A 4-year follow-up study in an industrial population. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013; 86(5):581-9.
- 23. Alam MS, Sharma M, Salve UR. Assessment of thermal comfort in a hot and humid indoor built environment of a kitchen at a university canteen. Work 2022; 72(1):189-99.
- 24. Matsuzuki H, Haruyama Y, Muto T, Aikawa K, Ito A, Katamoto S. Workers' load and job-related stress after a reform and work system change in a hospital kitchen in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2013; 18(2):171-6.
- 25. Pehkonen I, Takala EP, Ketola R, Viikari-Juntura E, Leino-Arjas P, Hopsu L, Virtanen T, Haukka E, Holtari-Leino M, Nykyri E, Riihimaki E. Evaluation of a participatory ergonomic intervention process in kitchen work. Appl Ergon 2009; 40(1):115-23.
- 26. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace. 2021. Available from: https://www. osha.gov/ergonomics.
Mutfak Çalışanlarında Ergonomik Risk Faktörleri, Kas İskelet Sistemi Problemleri ve Fiziksel İş Yükünün İncelenmesi
Öz
Amaç: Mutfak çalışanlarında kas iskelet sistemi problemlerinin görülme oranı oldukça yüksektir. Mutfak çalışanlarının yüksek fiziksel iş yükü, düşük fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri, ergonomik olmayan çalışma koşulları ve iş stresi gibi faktörler bu yüksek prevalans ile ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle, çalışmamızın amacı mutfak çalışanlarında ergonomik risk faktörleri, kas iskelet sistemi problemleri ve fiziksel iş yükünü araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, Kasım 2022 ile Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasında çeşitli yemekhane, restoran ve kafe mutfaklarında çalışan 87 katılımcı ile yürütülen kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Bireylerin demografik bilgileri ve ergonomik risk faktörleri sorgulandı. “Fiziksel İş Yükü Anketi” ile fiziksel iş yükleri, “İskandinav Kas İskelet Sistemi Anketi” ile kas iskelet sistemi problemleri sorgulandı.
Bulgular: Ortanca meslek süresi 5,00 (2,00-15,00) yıl ve ortanca günlük çalışma süresi 9,00 (8,00-10,00) saatti. Mutfak çalışanlarını en çok rahatsız eden ergonomik risk faktörleri sırasıyla stres, sıcak çalışma ortamı ve kapalı alan olmuştur. Mutfak çalışanlarının hem son 12 ayda hem de son 7 günde en çok kas iskelet sistemi problemi yaşadığı vücut bölgeleri sırasıyla bel, sırt, boyun ve omuzdu. Mutfak çalışanları mesleklerine göre fiziksel iş yükü düzeyi açısından karşılaştırıldığında gruplar arasında anlamlı fark gözlenmedi (p=0.257).
Sonuç: Mutfak çalışanları kas-iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları açısından yüksek risk altındadır. Mutfak çalışanlarında kas-iskelet sistemi sorunları riskini azaltmak için çalışma ortamının ergonomik risk değerlendirmesi, ergonomik eğitim ve dinlenme molaları gibi müdahalelere ihtiyaç vardır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mutfak çalışanları kas iskelet sistemi problemleri fiziksel iş yükü ergonomik risk faktörleri
Kaynakça
- 1. Shankar S, Shanmugam M, Srinivasan J. Workplace factors and prevalence of low back pain among male commercial kitchen workers. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2015; 28(3):481-8.
- 2. Xu YW, Cheng AS, Li-TsangCW. Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the catering industry: a systematic review\. Work 2013; 44(2):107-16.
- 3. Kahraman T, Genc A, Goz E. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation into Turkish assessing its psychometric properties. Disabil rehabil 2016; 38(21): 2153-60.
- 4. Chyuan JYA, Du CL, Yeh WY, Li CYl. Musculoskeletal disorders in hotel restaurant workers. Occupational Medicine 2004; 54(1):55-7.
- 5. Chyuan JY. Ergonomic assessment of musculoskeletal discomfort among commissary food service workers in Taiwan. Journal of Foodservice Business Research 2007; 10(3):73-86.
- 6. Subramaniam S, Murugesan S. Investigation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among male kitchen workers in South India. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2015; 21(4):524-31.
- 7. Park S, Lee J, Lee JH. Insufficient rest breaks at workplace and musculoskeletal disorders among Korean kitchen workers. Saf Health Work 2021; 12(2):225-29.
- 8. Uhunmwangho CU, Anjorin FO, Imoh LC. Physical Inactivity and Doctor-diagnosed Arthritis among Kitchen Workers in Jos. West Afr J Med 2023; 40(10):1072-8.
- 9. Haukka E, Ojajarvi A, Takala E, Viikari-Juntura E, Leino-Arjas P. Physical workload, leisure-time physical activity, obesity and smoking as predictors of multisite musculoskeletal pain. A 2-year prospective study of kitchen workers. Occup Environ Med 2012; 69(7):485-92.
- 10. Kahraman T, Goz E, Genc A. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Physical Workload Questionnaire. Work 2018; 59(2):295-302.
- 11. Hayran M, Hayran M. Sağlık araştırmaları için temel istatistik. 1st edition ed. 2011: Omega Araştırma.
- 12. Alsaqr AM. Remarks on the use of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients in assessing relationships in ophthalmic data. Afr Vision Eye Health 2021; 80(1):a612.
- 13. Statistical Office of the European Communities. Work and Health in the EU: A Statistical Portrait, Data 1994-2002. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2004.
- 14. Solovieva S, Kontio T, Viikari-Juntura E. Occupation, physical workload factors, and disability retirement as a result of hip osteoarthritis in Finland, 2005-2013. J Rheumatol 2018; 45(4):555-62.
- 15. Liu LW, Wang AH, Hwang SL, Lee YH, Chen CY. Prevalence and risk factors of subjective musculoskeletal symptoms among cooks in Taiwan. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers 2011; 28(5):327-35.
- 16. Hannerz H, Tüchsen F, Kristensen TS. Hospitalizations among employees in the Danish hotel and restaurant industry. Eur J Public Health 2002; 12(3): 192-97.
- 17. Haukka E, Kaila-Kangas L, Luukkonen R, Takala EP, Viikari-Juntura E, Leino-Arjas P. Predictors of sickness absence related to musculoskeletal pain: a two-year follow-up study of workers in municipal kitchens. Scand J Work Environ Health 2014; 40(3):278-86.
- 18. Ansari S, Ataei SS, Varmazyar S, Heydari P. The effect of mental workload and work posture on musculoskeletal disorders of Qazvin hospitals, in 2016. Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology 2016; 5(4): 202-10.
- 19. Tomita S, Muto T, Matsuzuki H, Haruyama Y, Ito A, Muto S, Haratani T, Seo A, Ayabe M, Katomoto S. Risk factors for frequent work-related burn and cut injuries and low back pain among commercial kitchen workers in Japan. Ind Health 2013; 51(3):297-306.
- 20. Jansen JP, Burdorf A. Effects of measurement strategy and statistical analysis on dose-response relations between physical workload and low back pain. Occup Environ Med 2003; v60(12): 942-47.
- 21. Dempsey PG, Filiaggi AJ. Cross-sectional investigation of task demands and musculoskeletal discomfort among restaurant wait staff. Ergonomics 2006; 49(1):93-106.
- 22. Neupane S, Miranda H, Virtanen P, Siukola A, Nygard CH. Do physical or psychosocial factors at work predict multi-site musculoskeletal pain? A 4-year follow-up study in an industrial population. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013; 86(5):581-9.
- 23. Alam MS, Sharma M, Salve UR. Assessment of thermal comfort in a hot and humid indoor built environment of a kitchen at a university canteen. Work 2022; 72(1):189-99.
- 24. Matsuzuki H, Haruyama Y, Muto T, Aikawa K, Ito A, Katamoto S. Workers' load and job-related stress after a reform and work system change in a hospital kitchen in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2013; 18(2):171-6.
- 25. Pehkonen I, Takala EP, Ketola R, Viikari-Juntura E, Leino-Arjas P, Hopsu L, Virtanen T, Haukka E, Holtari-Leino M, Nykyri E, Riihimaki E. Evaluation of a participatory ergonomic intervention process in kitchen work. Appl Ergon 2009; 40(1):115-23.
- 26. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace. 2021. Available from: https://www. osha.gov/ergonomics.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Fizyoterapi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 22 Mayıs 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Mayıs 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Şubat 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 3 Nisan 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2 |
