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SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA VE ULUSLARARASI TEAMÜL HUKUKU

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 67 - 93, 15.07.2025

Seher Çakan

https://doi.org/10.54704/akdhfd.1540554

Öz

“Sürdürülebilir kalkınma” kavramı, uluslararası hukuk alanında nispeten kısa bir süre içinde yerini almış ve çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal nitelikteki uluslararası belgelerde düzenlenmiştir. Kavram çevrenin korunması, ekonomik kalkınma ve sosyal kalkınma olarak üç boyuttan oluşmaktadır.
Birleşmiş Milletler öncülüğünde birçok soft law ve bağlayıcı belgede “sürdürülebilir kalkınma” kavramına yer verilmiştir. Çeşitli belgelerde yer alması ile birlikte bu kavramın hukuki niteliği de tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada giderek artan bir şekilde uluslararası düzenlemelerde yer alan “sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın” uluslararası hukukta teamül kuralı olup olmadığı ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma iki ana başlıktan oluşmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada ilk olarak uluslararası hukuk belgelerinde “sürdürülebilir kalkınma” kavramına yer verilecektir. Daha sonra bu kavramın bir teamül kuralı olup olmadığı tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sürdürülebilirlik Sürdürülebilir kalkınma uluslararası hukuk teamül hukuku uluslararası antlaşmalar.

Kaynakça

  • 42/187, Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, 96th Plenary Meeting, 11 December 1987.
  • Acer Yücel ve Kaya İbrahim, Uluslararası Hukuk: Temel Ders Kitabı, Gözden Geçirilmiş 8. Baskı, Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık: 2017.
  • African Development Bank, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://www.afdb.org/en/ news-keywords/sustainable-development-goals-sdg.
  • Aksar, Yusuf, Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk I, Genişletilmiş ve Güncellenmiş 7. Baskı, Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık: 2023.
  • Asian Development Bank, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://www.adb.org/what-wedo/ topics/sdg/overview.
  • Award in the Arbitration regarding the Iron Rhine (“Ijzeren Rijn”) Railway between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, decision of 24 May 2005.
  • Barral, Virginie, “Sustainable Development in International Law: Nature and Operation of an Evolutive Legal Norm,” The European Journal of International Law, Vol: 23 no. 2 (2012): 377-400.
  • Belgium 1831 (rev. 2014), Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://www.constituteproject. org/constitution/Belgium_2014.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Milenyum Bildirgesi, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, A/RES/55/2, 18 September 2000.
  • Bordin, Fernando Lusa, “A Glass Half Full? The Character, Function and Value of the Two-Element Approach to Identifying Customary International Law,” International Community Law Review 21(3-4), 2019: 283-306.
  • Boyar, Oya, “Anayasa ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma,” İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuuası, 78(4), (2021): 1921-1957.
  • Bozkurt Enver, Poyraz Yasin ve Erdal Selcen, Devletler Hukuku, Gözden Geçirilmiş 10. Baskı, Ankara, Legem Yayıncılık: 2018.
  • Colombian-Peruvian Asylum Case, Judgment of November 20th 1950: I.C. J. Reports 1950. Constitute, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 25, 2024. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Sweden_2012.
  • Constitute, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 25, 2025. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Portugal_2005.
  • Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jarnahiriya v Malta), Judgment, I. C.J. Reports 1985.
  • Cordonier Segger Marie-Claire ve Weeramantry, H.E. Judge C.G., “Introduction” in Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and H.E. Judge C.G. Weeramantry (eds.), Sustainable Development Principles in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals, Oxon/ New York, Routledge: 2017.
  • Cordonier Segger, Marie-Claire “Commitments to Sustainable Development Through International Law and Policy”in Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and H.E. Judge C.G. Weeramantry (eds.), Sustainable Development Principles in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals, Oxon/ New York, Routledge: 2017.
  • Cordonier-Segger, Marie-Claire, “Sustainable Development in International Law” in David Armstrong (ed.), Routledge Handbook of International Law, London/New York, Routledge: 2009.
  • D’Amato, Anthony, “Customary International Law: Reformulation,” International Legal Theory 4(1), 1998: 1-6.
  • Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area (Canada v United States of America), Judgment, I. C.J. Reports 1984, p. 246.
  • Dispute over the Status and Use of the Waters of the Silala (Chile v Bolivia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2022, p. 614.
  • Draft conclusions on identification of customary international law, with Commentaries 2018, Adopted by the International Law Commission at its seventieth session, in 2018, and submitted to the General Assembly as a part of the Commission’s report covering the work of that session (A/73/10).
  • Erkiner Hakkı Hakan ve Tezel, Aybüke, “Uluslararası teamül Hukuku Kurallarının Varlığının ve Değişiminin Tespiti,” Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, C: 28, S: 2 (2022): 662-693.
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  • Fuentes, Ximena, “International Law-Making in the Field of Sustainable Development: The Unequal Competition Between Development and the Environment,” International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Vol: 2 (2009): 109-133.
  • Future We Want- Outcome document, A/RES/66/288, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 July 2012.
  • Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v Slovakia), judgment, I. C. J. Reports 1997.
  • Gedik, Yasemin, “Sosyal, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Boyutlarıyla Sürdürülebilirlik ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma,” Internationaal Journal of Economics, Politics, Humanities & Social Science, Vol: 3(3), (2020): 196-215.
  • Gehring, Markus W., “WTO Law and Sustainable Development” in David Armstrong (ed.), Routledge Handbook of International Law, London/New York, Routledge: 2009.
  • Gültekin Albayrak, Betül ve Albayrak, Gökhan, “Uluslararası Hukukta Uluslararası Teamül Kurallarının Antlaşmalar ile İlişkisi,” SHD, C: 9, S: 2 (2021): 273-292.
  • Gündüz, Aslan, Milletlerarası Hukuk, Ankara, Savaş Yayınevi: 2021.
  • Halvorssen, Anita M., “International Law and Sustainable Development- Tools for Addressing Climate Change”, Denv. J. Int’l L. & Pol’y, Vol: 39(3) (2011): 397-421.
  • Inter-American Development Bank, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://www.iadb. org/en/who-we-are/about-idb.
  • International Law Association, Committee on Formation of Customary (General) International Law, Final Report of the Committee, London Conference (2000).
  • İklim Değişikliği Başkanlığı, Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi. Erişim Tarihi: Nisan 1, 2024. https://iklim.gov.tr/bm-iklim-degisikligi-cercevesozlesmesi- i-33.
  • Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development, From Our Origins to the Future, Adopted at the 17th Plenary Meeting of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, on 4 September 2002.
  • Jonathan M. Miller ve Fang-Lian Liao, Argentina Constitution, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Argentina_1994.
  • Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v Italy: Greece intervening), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2012.
  • Kaya, İslam Safa, Uluslararası Hukuk Temel Bilgiler, Genişletilmiş ve Güncellenmiş 3. Baskı, Ankara, Adalet Yayınevi: 2022.
  • Kışla, Selcen Nur, Uluslararası Yatırım Andlaşmalarının Yorumlanması, Ankara, Adalet Yayınevi: 2022.
  • Kim, Rakhyun E., “The Nexus between International Law and the Sustainable Development Goals” RECIEL, 25 (1), (2016): 15-26.
  • Kotzé, Louis J. ve Adelman, Sam, “Environmental Law and the Unsustainability of Sustainable Development: A Tale of Disenchantment and of Hope”, Law and Critique, 34, (2023): 227-248.
  • Kök Değerli, Saadet, Uluslararası Teamül Kurallarının Gelişiminde Uluslararası Yargı Kararlarının Rolü, Ankara, Adalet Yayınevi: 2021.
  • Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2019, p. 95.
  • Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, I. C.J. Reports 1996, p. 226.
  • Lowe, Vaughan, “Sustainable Development and Unsustainable Arguments” in Alan Boyle and David Freestone (eds.), International Law and Sustainable Development- Past Achievement and Future Challenges, Oxford/New York, Oxford University Press: 1999.
  • Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v United States of America). Merits, Judgment. I.C.J. Reports 1986.
  • Ministerial Conference Fourth Session Doha, 9-14 November 2001, adopted on 14 November 2001.
  • Norouzi Nima ve Sheikhi Muhammad, “Achieving Sustainable Development From the Perspective of International Environmental Law,” Eurasian Journal of Environmental Research (EJERE), 5(1), (2021): 1-13.
  • North Sea Continental Shelf (Federal Republic of Germany v Netherlands), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1969.
  • Our Common Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development, from A/42/427. Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987.
  • Öktem, Emre, Uluslararası Teamül Hukuku, İstanbul, Beta Yayıncılık: 2013.
  • Pazarcı, Hüseyin, Uluslararası Hukuk, Gözden Geçirilmiş ve Güncellenmiş 20. Bası, Ankara, Turhan Kitabevi: 2021.
  • Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgment, I.C.J., Reports 2010, p. 14.
  • Question of the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf between Nicaragua and Colombia beyond 200 Nautical Miles from the Nicaraguan Coast (Nicaragua v Colombia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2023, p. 413.
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 67 - 93, 15.07.2025

Seher Çakan

https://doi.org/10.54704/akdhfd.1540554

Öz

In a relatively short time, sustainable development has been incorporated into international law and governed by environmental, economic, and social treaties. Environmental protection and economic and social development are the three facets of this idea.
The concept of sustainable development has been incorporated into many soft laws and binding documents under the leadership of the United Nations. Due to its appearance in several documents, the legal nature of this concept has also begun to be discussed. This study aims to determine whether international law considers sustainable development, which is increasingly mentioned in texts, as a customary international law rule. Two primary chapters comprise the study. In this context, the concept of ‘sustainable development’ will first be analyzed in international legal documents. It will then be discussed whether this concept is a customary rule.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sustainability Sustainable Development International Law Customary Law International Treaties

Kaynakça

  • 42/187, Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, 96th Plenary Meeting, 11 December 1987.
  • Acer Yücel ve Kaya İbrahim, Uluslararası Hukuk: Temel Ders Kitabı, Gözden Geçirilmiş 8. Baskı, Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık: 2017.
  • African Development Bank, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://www.afdb.org/en/ news-keywords/sustainable-development-goals-sdg.
  • Aksar, Yusuf, Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk I, Genişletilmiş ve Güncellenmiş 7. Baskı, Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık: 2023.
  • Asian Development Bank, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://www.adb.org/what-wedo/ topics/sdg/overview.
  • Award in the Arbitration regarding the Iron Rhine (“Ijzeren Rijn”) Railway between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, decision of 24 May 2005.
  • Barral, Virginie, “Sustainable Development in International Law: Nature and Operation of an Evolutive Legal Norm,” The European Journal of International Law, Vol: 23 no. 2 (2012): 377-400.
  • Belgium 1831 (rev. 2014), Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://www.constituteproject. org/constitution/Belgium_2014.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Milenyum Bildirgesi, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, A/RES/55/2, 18 September 2000.
  • Bordin, Fernando Lusa, “A Glass Half Full? The Character, Function and Value of the Two-Element Approach to Identifying Customary International Law,” International Community Law Review 21(3-4), 2019: 283-306.
  • Boyar, Oya, “Anayasa ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma,” İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuuası, 78(4), (2021): 1921-1957.
  • Bozkurt Enver, Poyraz Yasin ve Erdal Selcen, Devletler Hukuku, Gözden Geçirilmiş 10. Baskı, Ankara, Legem Yayıncılık: 2018.
  • Colombian-Peruvian Asylum Case, Judgment of November 20th 1950: I.C. J. Reports 1950. Constitute, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 25, 2024. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Sweden_2012.
  • Constitute, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 25, 2025. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Portugal_2005.
  • Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jarnahiriya v Malta), Judgment, I. C.J. Reports 1985.
  • Cordonier Segger Marie-Claire ve Weeramantry, H.E. Judge C.G., “Introduction” in Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and H.E. Judge C.G. Weeramantry (eds.), Sustainable Development Principles in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals, Oxon/ New York, Routledge: 2017.
  • Cordonier Segger, Marie-Claire “Commitments to Sustainable Development Through International Law and Policy”in Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and H.E. Judge C.G. Weeramantry (eds.), Sustainable Development Principles in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals, Oxon/ New York, Routledge: 2017.
  • Cordonier-Segger, Marie-Claire, “Sustainable Development in International Law” in David Armstrong (ed.), Routledge Handbook of International Law, London/New York, Routledge: 2009.
  • D’Amato, Anthony, “Customary International Law: Reformulation,” International Legal Theory 4(1), 1998: 1-6.
  • Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area (Canada v United States of America), Judgment, I. C.J. Reports 1984, p. 246.
  • Dispute over the Status and Use of the Waters of the Silala (Chile v Bolivia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2022, p. 614.
  • Draft conclusions on identification of customary international law, with Commentaries 2018, Adopted by the International Law Commission at its seventieth session, in 2018, and submitted to the General Assembly as a part of the Commission’s report covering the work of that session (A/73/10).
  • Erkiner Hakkı Hakan ve Tezel, Aybüke, “Uluslararası teamül Hukuku Kurallarının Varlığının ve Değişiminin Tespiti,” Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, C: 28, S: 2 (2022): 662-693.
  • European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 2024, 2024. https://www.ebrd.com/our-sustainability-approach.html.
  • European Commission, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://commission.europa. eu/strategy-and-policy/sustainable-development-goals/eu-approach-sdgsimplementation_ en.
  • Fuentes, Ximena, “International Law-Making in the Field of Sustainable Development: The Unequal Competition Between Development and the Environment,” International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Vol: 2 (2009): 109-133.
  • Future We Want- Outcome document, A/RES/66/288, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 July 2012.
  • Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v Slovakia), judgment, I. C. J. Reports 1997.
  • Gedik, Yasemin, “Sosyal, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Boyutlarıyla Sürdürülebilirlik ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma,” Internationaal Journal of Economics, Politics, Humanities & Social Science, Vol: 3(3), (2020): 196-215.
  • Gehring, Markus W., “WTO Law and Sustainable Development” in David Armstrong (ed.), Routledge Handbook of International Law, London/New York, Routledge: 2009.
  • Gültekin Albayrak, Betül ve Albayrak, Gökhan, “Uluslararası Hukukta Uluslararası Teamül Kurallarının Antlaşmalar ile İlişkisi,” SHD, C: 9, S: 2 (2021): 273-292.
  • Gündüz, Aslan, Milletlerarası Hukuk, Ankara, Savaş Yayınevi: 2021.
  • Halvorssen, Anita M., “International Law and Sustainable Development- Tools for Addressing Climate Change”, Denv. J. Int’l L. & Pol’y, Vol: 39(3) (2011): 397-421.
  • Inter-American Development Bank, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://www.iadb. org/en/who-we-are/about-idb.
  • International Law Association, Committee on Formation of Customary (General) International Law, Final Report of the Committee, London Conference (2000).
  • İklim Değişikliği Başkanlığı, Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi. Erişim Tarihi: Nisan 1, 2024. https://iklim.gov.tr/bm-iklim-degisikligi-cercevesozlesmesi- i-33.
  • Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development, From Our Origins to the Future, Adopted at the 17th Plenary Meeting of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, on 4 September 2002.
  • Jonathan M. Miller ve Fang-Lian Liao, Argentina Constitution, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Argentina_1994.
  • Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v Italy: Greece intervening), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2012.
  • Kaya, İslam Safa, Uluslararası Hukuk Temel Bilgiler, Genişletilmiş ve Güncellenmiş 3. Baskı, Ankara, Adalet Yayınevi: 2022.
  • Kışla, Selcen Nur, Uluslararası Yatırım Andlaşmalarının Yorumlanması, Ankara, Adalet Yayınevi: 2022.
  • Kim, Rakhyun E., “The Nexus between International Law and the Sustainable Development Goals” RECIEL, 25 (1), (2016): 15-26.
  • Kotzé, Louis J. ve Adelman, Sam, “Environmental Law and the Unsustainability of Sustainable Development: A Tale of Disenchantment and of Hope”, Law and Critique, 34, (2023): 227-248.
  • Kök Değerli, Saadet, Uluslararası Teamül Kurallarının Gelişiminde Uluslararası Yargı Kararlarının Rolü, Ankara, Adalet Yayınevi: 2021.
  • Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2019, p. 95.
  • Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, I. C.J. Reports 1996, p. 226.
  • Lowe, Vaughan, “Sustainable Development and Unsustainable Arguments” in Alan Boyle and David Freestone (eds.), International Law and Sustainable Development- Past Achievement and Future Challenges, Oxford/New York, Oxford University Press: 1999.
  • Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v United States of America). Merits, Judgment. I.C.J. Reports 1986.
  • Ministerial Conference Fourth Session Doha, 9-14 November 2001, adopted on 14 November 2001.
  • Norouzi Nima ve Sheikhi Muhammad, “Achieving Sustainable Development From the Perspective of International Environmental Law,” Eurasian Journal of Environmental Research (EJERE), 5(1), (2021): 1-13.
  • North Sea Continental Shelf (Federal Republic of Germany v Netherlands), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1969.
  • Our Common Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development, from A/42/427. Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987.
  • Öktem, Emre, Uluslararası Teamül Hukuku, İstanbul, Beta Yayıncılık: 2013.
  • Pazarcı, Hüseyin, Uluslararası Hukuk, Gözden Geçirilmiş ve Güncellenmiş 20. Bası, Ankara, Turhan Kitabevi: 2021.
  • Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgment, I.C.J., Reports 2010, p. 14.
  • Question of the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf between Nicaragua and Colombia beyond 200 Nautical Miles from the Nicaraguan Coast (Nicaragua v Colombia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2023, p. 413.
  • Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v Senegal), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2012, p. 422.
  • Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 5-16 June 1972, A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1.
  • Resolution 3/2002, the 70th Conference of the International Law Association, held in New Delhi, India, 2-6 April 2002.
  • Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, A/RES/55/2, 18 September 2000.
  • Robb Cairo ve Harrington, Alexandra “A Complex System of International Courts and Tribunals” in Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and H.E. Judge C.G. Weeramantry (eds.), Sustainable Development Principles in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals, Oxon/ New York, Routledge: 2017.
  • Sands Philippe, Peel Jacqueline, Fabra Adriana ve Mackenzie Ruth, Principles of International Environmental Law, 4th edtion, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 2018.
  • Sands, Philippe, “International Courts and the Application of the Concept of ‘Sustainable Development,’” Max Planck UNYB, 3, 1999: 389-405.
  • Sands, Phillippe, “Environmental Protection in the Twenty-First Century: Sustainable Development and International Law”, in Richard L. Revesz, Philippe Sands ve Richard B. Stewart (eds.), Environmental Law, The Economy and Sustainable Development: the United States, the European Union and the International Community, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, digitally printed version, 2008.
  • Sarıbeyoğlu-Skalar, Meltem, Uluslararası Hukuk ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma: Kavram, İlkeler ve Yargısal Uygulama, İstanbul, Beta: 2015.
  • Schrijver Nico, The Evolution of Sustainable Development in International Law: Inception, Meaning and Status, Leiden/Boston, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers: 2008.
  • Schrijver, Nico, “Advancements in the Principles of International Law on Sustainable Development”, in Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and H.E. Judge C.G. Weeramantry (eds.), Sustainable Development Principles in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals, Oxon/ New York, Routledge: 2017.
  • Sejm, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 25, 2014. https://www.sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/angielski/ kon1.htm.
  • Shaw, Malcolm N., Uluslararası Hukuk, 8. Baskı, 2018, (Çeviren: İbrahim Kaya, Yücel Acer, M. Turgut Demirtepe, G. Engin Şimşek, Ankara, TÜBA).
  • South African Government, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 25, 2024. https://www.gov.za/documents/ constitution/chapter-2-bill-rights#24.
  • Tezel, Aybüke Uluslararası Teamül Hukuku Kurallarının Varlığının Tespiti (Marmara Üniversitesi, Yükseklisans Tezi, 2022).
  • Tladi, Diren, “The principles of sustainable development in the case concerning Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay” in Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and H.E. Judge C.G. Weeramantry (eds.), Sustainable Development Principles in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals, Oxon/ New York, Routledge: 2017.
  • UNEP, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://wesr.unep.org/index.php/article/sustainable- development-goals-0).
  • United Nations Conference on Environment & Development Rio de Janerio, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992 Agenda 21.
  • United States- Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products, AB-1998-4, WT/DS58/AB/R 12 October 1998.
  • Venezuela Analysis, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 25, 2024.https://venezuelanalysis.com/constitution- title-3/.
  • Verschuuren, Jonathan, “The Growing Significance of the Principle of Sustainable Development as a Legal Norm.” in D. Fisher (ed.), Research Handbook on Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Law, Australia, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd: 2016.
  • Voigt, Christina, Sustainable Development as a Principle of International Law: Resolving Conflicts between Climate Measures and WTO Law, Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers: 2009.
  • Weeramantry, H. E. Judge C. G. “Achieving Sustainable Justice through International Law” in Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and H.E. Judge C.G. Weeramantry (eds.), Sustainable Development Principles in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals, Oxon/ New York, Routledge: 2017.
  • WIPO, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 25, 2024. https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/ 3769.
  • World Bank Group, Erişim Tarihi: Kasım 24, 2024. https://openknowledge.worldbank. org/pages/sustainable-development-goals.
  • World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development, A/CONF.199/20, 4 September 2002.
  • Yüksel, Aytaç ve Barut, Duygu, “Uluslararası Çevre Hukukunda Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma” Çevre, Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, Yıl: 2. Sayı: 3(2023): 32-58.
Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hukuk (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Seher Çakan 0000-0003-3254-6617

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 10 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakan, S. (2025). SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA VE ULUSLARARASI TEAMÜL HUKUKU. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 67-93. https://doi.org/10.54704/akdhfd.1540554
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