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The Effect of Salt and Drought Stresses on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Different Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 62 - 73, 30.06.2025

Yasemin Erdoğdu , İlkay Orhan

https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1600805

Öz

Salinity and drought are the primary stress factors that negatively impact crop production. This study evaluated the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) and polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000)-induced osmotic stress on germination and early seedling growth in five linseed varieties (Kara Kız, Beyaz Gelin, Sarı Dane, Cemre, and Efe). The investigated parameters included germination rate (%), average germination time (days), root length (cm), fresh and dry root weight (mg), shoot length (cm), and fresh and dry shoot weight (mg). The results revealed that the differences among the tested linseed varieties were statistically significant for all examined characteristics. It was determined that the varieties exhibited considerable resistance to salt stress in terms of germination rates. Germination rates decreased by 2.3% at 12.0 dS m⁻¹ NaCl and by 10.6% at 0.50 MPa PEG. Additionally, the average germination time increased with rising salinity (1.6–4.5 days) and drought stress (1.1–2.7 days). With increasing salinity and drought stress, root length (NaCl: 1.40–6.40 cm, PEG: 5.46–12.60 cm), shoot length (NaCl: 2.30–10.43 cm, PEG: 2.40–10.06 cm), fresh root weight (NaCl: 3.86–13.90 mg, PEG: 1.43–6.00 mg), dry root weight (NaCl: 0.20–1.53 mg, PEG: 0.26–1.03 mg), fresh shoot weight (NaCl: 29.30–86.33 mg, PEG: 21.00–82.40 mg), and dry shoot weight (NaCl: 2.00–7.23 mg, PEG: 2.10–7.76 mg) decreased gradually and significantly. Among the tested varieties, Sarı Dane exhibited greater resistance to salt stress, while Beyaz Gelin was more resistant to drought stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Germination Linum usitatissimum L. linseed drought NaCl osmotic stress

Kaynakça

  • Almaghrabi, O. A. 2012. Impact of drought stress on germination and seedling growth parameters of some wheat cultivars. Life Science Journal. 9(1):590-598.
  • Bahrami, H., J. Razmjoo, and A. O. Jafari. 2012. Effect of drought stress on germination and seedling growth of sesame cultivars (Sesamum indicum L.). International Journal of Agri. Sci. 2(5):423-428.
  • Balkan, A., T. Genctan, O. Bilgin, and H. Ulukan. 2015. Response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to salinity stress at germination and early seedling stages. Pak. J. Agri. Sci. 52(2):453-459.
  • Begna, T. 2020. Effects of drought stress on crop production and productivity. International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences 6(9): 34-43.
  • Bekhit, A. E. D. A., A. Shavandi, T. Jodjaja, J. Birch, S.Teh, I. A. M. Ahmed, F. Y. Al-Juhaimi, P. Saeedi and A. A. Bekhit. 2018. Flaxseed: Composition, detoxification, utilization, and opportunities. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 13:129-152.
  • Deinlein, U., A. B. Stephan, T. Horie, W. Luo, G. Xu, and J. I. Schroeder. 2014. Plant salt-tolerance mechanisms. Trends in Plant Sci. 19(6):371-379.
  • Desheva, G., G. N. Desheva, and S. K. Stamatov. 2020. Germination and early seedling growth characteristics of Arachis hypogaea L. under salinity (NaCl) stress. Agriculturae Conspectus Sci. 85(2):113-121.
  • Ellis, R. H. and E .H. Roberts.1980. Towards a rational basis for testing seed quality. English, Miscellaneous, UK, London, Seed production. 605-635.
  • Fahad, S., A. A. Bajwa, U. Nazir, S. A. Anjum, A. Farooq, A. Zohaib, S. Sadia, W. Nasim, S. Adkins, S. Saud, M. Z. Ihsan, H. Alharby, C. Wu, D. Wang, and J. Huang. 2017. Crop production under drought and heat stress: plant responses and management options. Frontiers in Plant Sci. 8:1147.
  • FAO. 2023a. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Global map of salt-affected soils. Available at: https://www.fao.org/soils-portal/data-hub/soil-maps-and-databases/global-map-of-salt-affected-soils/ar/ (22.12.2023).
  • FAO. 2023b. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Water Conference. Available at: https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/United-Nations-2023-water-conference-FAO-hunger-drought-financing-mechanisms (22.12.2023)
  • FAO. 2024. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World production linseed. Available at: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (05.08.2024).
  • Guo, R., J. Zhou, G. Ren, and W. Hao. 2013. Physiological responses of linseed seedlings to iso-osmotic polyethylene glycol, salt, and alkali stresses. Agronomy Journal 105(3):764-772.
  • Guo, R., J. Zhou, W. Hao, F. Gu, Q. Liu, H. Li, X. Xia and L. Mao. 2014. Germination, growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and ionic balance in linseed seedlings subjected to saline and alkaline stresses. Plant Production Sci. 17(1):20-31.
  • Guo, R., W. Hao, and D. Gong. 2012. Effects of water stress on germination and growth of linseed seedlings (Linum usitatissimum L), photosynthetic efficiency and accumulation of metabolites. Journal of Agricultural Sci. 4 (10):253.
  • Hall, L. M., H. Booker, R. M. Siloto, A. J. Jhala, and R. J. Weselake. 2016. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). AOCS Press. In Industrial Oil Crops. ISBN: 978-1-893997-98-1:157-194.
  • Heikal, M.M., M.A. Shaddad, A.M. Ahmed. 1982. Effect of water stress and gibberellic acid on germination of flax, sesame and onion seeds. Biologia Plantarum 24:124-129. Jamil, M., L. DeogBae, L. KwanYong, M. Ashraf, L. SheongChun, and R. E. EuiShik. 2006. Effect of salt (NaCl) stress on germination and early seedling growth of four vegetable species. Journal of Central European Agriculture 2:273–82.
  • Jhala, A. J., and L. M. Hall. 2010. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): current uses and future applications. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 4(9):4304-4312.
  • Kadkhodaie, A. and M. Bagheri. 2011. Seed treatment during germination in linseed to overcome salt and drought stresses (Linum usitatissimum L.). International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 5(1): 12-16.
  • Kaya, M., G. Kaya, M. D. Kaya, M. Atak, S. Saglam, K. M. Khawar, and C. Y. Ciftci. 2008. Interaction between seed size and NaCl on germination and early seedling growth of some Turkish cultivars of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Journal of Zhejiang University Science B. 9:371-377.
  • Kaya, M., S. Day, Y. Cikili, and N. Arslan. 2012. Classification of some linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes for salinity tolerance using germination, seedling growth, and ion content. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 72(1):37-32.
  • Khodarahmpour, Z. 2011. Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) on germination indices in corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(79):18222-18227.
  • Kiremit, M. S., M. S. Hacıkamiloglu, H. Arslan, and K. Orhan. 2017. Farklı sulama suyu tuzluluk seviyelerinin keten (Linum usitatissimum L.)’in çimlenme ve erken fide gelişimi üzerine etkisi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 32(3):350-357.
  • Kocak, M. Z., M. Göre, and O. Kurt. 2022. The effect of different salinity levels on germination development of some flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology 10(4):657-662.
  • Kocak, N. ve N. Bayraktar. 2011. Türkiye’de Keten Tarımı. Ziraat Mühendisliği (357):13-17.
  • Lamichhane, J. R., P. Debaeke, C. Steinberg, M. P. You, M. J. Barbetti, and J. N. Aubertot. 2018. Abiotic and biotic factors affecting crop seed germination and seedling emergence: a conceptual framework. Plant and Soil 432:1-28.
  • Liang, W., X. Ma, P. Wan, and L. Liu. 2018. Plant salt-tolerance mechanism: A review. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 495(1):286-291.
  • Mahajan, S. and N. Tuteja. 2005. Cold, salinity and drought stresses: an overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 444(2):139-158.
  • Mahdavi, B. and F. Alasvandyari. 2018. Germination and morphophysiological responses of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) ecotypes to salinity stress. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding 8(2):77-87.
  • Mahfouze, H., S. Mahfouze, M. El-Enany, and M. Ottai. 2017. Assessment of flax varieties for drought tolerance. Annu Res Rev Bio. 21:1-12.
  • Moghaddam, M., K. Babaei, and P. E. Saeedi. 2018. Germination and growth response of flax (Linum usitatissimum) to salinity stress by different salt types and concentrations. Journal of Plant Nutrition 41(5):563-573.
  • Mostafavi, K. 2011. A study effects of drought stress on germination and early seedling growth of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars. Advances in Environmental Biology 3307-3312.
  • Muchate, N. S., G. C. Nikalje, N. S. Rajurkar, P. Suprasanna, and T. D. Nikam. 2016. Plant salt stress: adaptive responses, tolerance mechanism and bioengineering for salt tolerance. The Botanical Review 82: 371-406.
  • Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell & Environment 25(2):239-250.
  • Murillo‐Amador, B., R. López‐Aguilar, C. Kaya, J. Larrinaga‐Mayoraland, A. Flores‐Hernández. 2002. Comparative effects of NaCl and polyethylene glycol on germination, emergence and seedling growth of cowpea. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Sci. 188(4):235-247.
  • Niu, X., R. A. Bressan, P. M. Hasegawa, and J. M. Pardo. 1995. Ion homeostasis in NaCl stress environments. Plant Physiology 109(3):735.
  • Nykter, M., H. R. Kymäläinen, and F. Gates. 2006. Quality characteristics of edible linseed oil. Agricultural and Food Science 15(4):402-413.
  • Pavelek, M., E. Tejklová, and M. Bjelková. 2015. Flax and linseed. Industrial crops. breeding for bioenergy and bioproducts. 233-263.
  • Qayyum, M. A., F. Bashir, M. M. Maqbool, A. Ali, S. Bashir, and Q. Abbas. 2019. Implications of saline water irrigation for linseed on seed germination, seedling survival and growth potential. Sarhad J. Agric. 35(4): 1289-1297.
  • Qayyum, M. A., J. Akhtar, Z. A. Saqib, and S. M. A. Basra. 2015. Phenotyping of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes for potential against NaCl stress. Soil & Environment 34(2):200-206.
  • Sebei, K., A. Debez, W. Herchi, S. Boukhchina, and H. Kallel. 2007. Germination kinetics and seed reserve mobilization in two flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars under moderate salt stress. Journal of Plant Biology 50:447-454.
  • Sevgi, B., S. Leblebici. 2023. Tuz stresinin bitkiler üzerindeki etkileri ve geliştirilen tolerans mekanizmaları. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 11(3):1498-1516.
  • Singh, A., S. Shekhar, S. Marker, and P. W. Ramteke. 2021. Changes in morpho-physiological attributes in nine genotypes of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under different levels of salt (NaCl) stress. Vegetos. 34(3): 647-653.
  • Steel, R. G., and J. H. Torrie. 1981. Principles and Procedures of Statistics, A Biometrical Approach. Ed. 2. McGraw-Hill Kogakusha. USA
  • Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 2008. Plant Physiology and Development. ISBN:0-87893-823-0. 611 s.
  • Wang, Y., D. Li, L. J. Wang, Y. L. Chiu, X. D. Chen, Z. H. Mao, and C.F. Song. 2008. Optimization of extrusion of flaxseeds for in vitro protein digestibility analysis using response surface methodology. Journal of Food Engineering 85(1):59-64.
  • Willenborg, C. J., R. H. Gulden, E. N. Johnson, and S. J. Shirtliffe. 2004. Germination characteristics of polymer‐coated canola (Brassica napus L.) seeds subjected to moisture stress at different temperatures. Agronomy Journal. 96(3):786-791.
  • Zeng, Y., L. Li, R. Yang, X. Yi, and B. Zhang. 2015. Contribution and distribution of inorganic ions and organic compounds to the osmotic adjustment in Halostachys caspica response to salt stress. Scientific Reports 5(1): 13639.

Tuz ve Kuraklık Stresinin Farklı Keten (Linum usitatissimum L.) Çeşitlerinin Çimlenme ve Erken Fide Gelişimine Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 62 - 73, 30.06.2025

Yasemin Erdoğdu , İlkay Orhan

https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1600805

Öz

Tuzluluk ve kuraklık, bitkisel üretimi olumsuz yönde etkileyen başlıca stres faktörleridir. Bu çalışmada, 5 keten tohumu çeşidinde (Kara Kız, Beyaz Gelin, Sarı Dane, Cemre ve Efe) sodyum klorür (NaCl) ve polietilen glikol (PEG-6000) kaynaklı ozmotik stresin çimlenme ve erken fide dönemlerine etkileri değerlendirilmiş ve çeşitlerdeki çimlenme oranı (%), ortalama çimlenme süresi (gün), kök uzunluğu (cm), yaş kök ağırlığı (mg), kuru kök ağırlığı (mg), sürgün uzunluğu (cm), yaş sürgün ağırlığı (mg), kuru sürgün ağırlığı (mg) özellikleri incelenmiştir. Saptanan sonuçlarda, incelenen tüm özellikler açısından denemeye alınan keten çeşitlerindeki farklılıkların istatistiksel olarak önemli oldukları anlaşılmış; çeşitlerin çimlenme oranları açısından tuz stresine karşı oldukça dayanıklılık gösterdikleri saptanmış; çimlenme oranında (NaCl) 12,0 dS m-1için %2,3, (PEG) 0,50 MPa için de %10,6 düzeyinde azalma olmuş; ortalama çimlenme süresi artan tuzluluk (1,6-4,5 gün) ve kuraklık stresi (1,1-2,7 gün) ile uzamıştır. Tuzluluk ve kuraklık stresinin arttırılmasıyla kök uzunluğu (NaCl 1.40-6.40 cm, PEG 5.46-12.60 cm), sürgün uzunluğu (NaCl 2,30-10,43 cm, PEG 2,40-10,06 cm), yaş kök ağırlığı (NaCl 3,86-13,90 mg, PEG 1,43-6,00 mg), kuru kök ağırlığı (NaCl 0,20-1,53 mg, PEG 0,26-1,03 mg), yaş sürgün ağırlığı (NaCl 29,30-86,33 mg, PEG 21,00-82,40 mg) ve kuru sürgün ağırlığı (NaCl 2,00-7,23 mg, PEG 2,10-7,76 mg) kademeli şekilde ve önemli ölçüde azalırken; Sarı Dane tuz stresine, Beyaz Gelin ise kuraklık stresine karşı daha dayanıklı bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çimlenme Linum usitatissimum L. keten kuraklık NaCl osmotik stres

Kaynakça

  • Almaghrabi, O. A. 2012. Impact of drought stress on germination and seedling growth parameters of some wheat cultivars. Life Science Journal. 9(1):590-598.
  • Bahrami, H., J. Razmjoo, and A. O. Jafari. 2012. Effect of drought stress on germination and seedling growth of sesame cultivars (Sesamum indicum L.). International Journal of Agri. Sci. 2(5):423-428.
  • Balkan, A., T. Genctan, O. Bilgin, and H. Ulukan. 2015. Response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to salinity stress at germination and early seedling stages. Pak. J. Agri. Sci. 52(2):453-459.
  • Begna, T. 2020. Effects of drought stress on crop production and productivity. International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences 6(9): 34-43.
  • Bekhit, A. E. D. A., A. Shavandi, T. Jodjaja, J. Birch, S.Teh, I. A. M. Ahmed, F. Y. Al-Juhaimi, P. Saeedi and A. A. Bekhit. 2018. Flaxseed: Composition, detoxification, utilization, and opportunities. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 13:129-152.
  • Deinlein, U., A. B. Stephan, T. Horie, W. Luo, G. Xu, and J. I. Schroeder. 2014. Plant salt-tolerance mechanisms. Trends in Plant Sci. 19(6):371-379.
  • Desheva, G., G. N. Desheva, and S. K. Stamatov. 2020. Germination and early seedling growth characteristics of Arachis hypogaea L. under salinity (NaCl) stress. Agriculturae Conspectus Sci. 85(2):113-121.
  • Ellis, R. H. and E .H. Roberts.1980. Towards a rational basis for testing seed quality. English, Miscellaneous, UK, London, Seed production. 605-635.
  • Fahad, S., A. A. Bajwa, U. Nazir, S. A. Anjum, A. Farooq, A. Zohaib, S. Sadia, W. Nasim, S. Adkins, S. Saud, M. Z. Ihsan, H. Alharby, C. Wu, D. Wang, and J. Huang. 2017. Crop production under drought and heat stress: plant responses and management options. Frontiers in Plant Sci. 8:1147.
  • FAO. 2023a. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Global map of salt-affected soils. Available at: https://www.fao.org/soils-portal/data-hub/soil-maps-and-databases/global-map-of-salt-affected-soils/ar/ (22.12.2023).
  • FAO. 2023b. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Water Conference. Available at: https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/United-Nations-2023-water-conference-FAO-hunger-drought-financing-mechanisms (22.12.2023)
  • FAO. 2024. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World production linseed. Available at: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (05.08.2024).
  • Guo, R., J. Zhou, G. Ren, and W. Hao. 2013. Physiological responses of linseed seedlings to iso-osmotic polyethylene glycol, salt, and alkali stresses. Agronomy Journal 105(3):764-772.
  • Guo, R., J. Zhou, W. Hao, F. Gu, Q. Liu, H. Li, X. Xia and L. Mao. 2014. Germination, growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and ionic balance in linseed seedlings subjected to saline and alkaline stresses. Plant Production Sci. 17(1):20-31.
  • Guo, R., W. Hao, and D. Gong. 2012. Effects of water stress on germination and growth of linseed seedlings (Linum usitatissimum L), photosynthetic efficiency and accumulation of metabolites. Journal of Agricultural Sci. 4 (10):253.
  • Hall, L. M., H. Booker, R. M. Siloto, A. J. Jhala, and R. J. Weselake. 2016. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). AOCS Press. In Industrial Oil Crops. ISBN: 978-1-893997-98-1:157-194.
  • Heikal, M.M., M.A. Shaddad, A.M. Ahmed. 1982. Effect of water stress and gibberellic acid on germination of flax, sesame and onion seeds. Biologia Plantarum 24:124-129. Jamil, M., L. DeogBae, L. KwanYong, M. Ashraf, L. SheongChun, and R. E. EuiShik. 2006. Effect of salt (NaCl) stress on germination and early seedling growth of four vegetable species. Journal of Central European Agriculture 2:273–82.
  • Jhala, A. J., and L. M. Hall. 2010. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): current uses and future applications. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 4(9):4304-4312.
  • Kadkhodaie, A. and M. Bagheri. 2011. Seed treatment during germination in linseed to overcome salt and drought stresses (Linum usitatissimum L.). International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 5(1): 12-16.
  • Kaya, M., G. Kaya, M. D. Kaya, M. Atak, S. Saglam, K. M. Khawar, and C. Y. Ciftci. 2008. Interaction between seed size and NaCl on germination and early seedling growth of some Turkish cultivars of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Journal of Zhejiang University Science B. 9:371-377.
  • Kaya, M., S. Day, Y. Cikili, and N. Arslan. 2012. Classification of some linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes for salinity tolerance using germination, seedling growth, and ion content. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 72(1):37-32.
  • Khodarahmpour, Z. 2011. Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) on germination indices in corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(79):18222-18227.
  • Kiremit, M. S., M. S. Hacıkamiloglu, H. Arslan, and K. Orhan. 2017. Farklı sulama suyu tuzluluk seviyelerinin keten (Linum usitatissimum L.)’in çimlenme ve erken fide gelişimi üzerine etkisi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 32(3):350-357.
  • Kocak, M. Z., M. Göre, and O. Kurt. 2022. The effect of different salinity levels on germination development of some flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology 10(4):657-662.
  • Kocak, N. ve N. Bayraktar. 2011. Türkiye’de Keten Tarımı. Ziraat Mühendisliği (357):13-17.
  • Lamichhane, J. R., P. Debaeke, C. Steinberg, M. P. You, M. J. Barbetti, and J. N. Aubertot. 2018. Abiotic and biotic factors affecting crop seed germination and seedling emergence: a conceptual framework. Plant and Soil 432:1-28.
  • Liang, W., X. Ma, P. Wan, and L. Liu. 2018. Plant salt-tolerance mechanism: A review. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 495(1):286-291.
  • Mahajan, S. and N. Tuteja. 2005. Cold, salinity and drought stresses: an overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 444(2):139-158.
  • Mahdavi, B. and F. Alasvandyari. 2018. Germination and morphophysiological responses of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) ecotypes to salinity stress. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding 8(2):77-87.
  • Mahfouze, H., S. Mahfouze, M. El-Enany, and M. Ottai. 2017. Assessment of flax varieties for drought tolerance. Annu Res Rev Bio. 21:1-12.
  • Moghaddam, M., K. Babaei, and P. E. Saeedi. 2018. Germination and growth response of flax (Linum usitatissimum) to salinity stress by different salt types and concentrations. Journal of Plant Nutrition 41(5):563-573.
  • Mostafavi, K. 2011. A study effects of drought stress on germination and early seedling growth of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars. Advances in Environmental Biology 3307-3312.
  • Muchate, N. S., G. C. Nikalje, N. S. Rajurkar, P. Suprasanna, and T. D. Nikam. 2016. Plant salt stress: adaptive responses, tolerance mechanism and bioengineering for salt tolerance. The Botanical Review 82: 371-406.
  • Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell & Environment 25(2):239-250.
  • Murillo‐Amador, B., R. López‐Aguilar, C. Kaya, J. Larrinaga‐Mayoraland, A. Flores‐Hernández. 2002. Comparative effects of NaCl and polyethylene glycol on germination, emergence and seedling growth of cowpea. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Sci. 188(4):235-247.
  • Niu, X., R. A. Bressan, P. M. Hasegawa, and J. M. Pardo. 1995. Ion homeostasis in NaCl stress environments. Plant Physiology 109(3):735.
  • Nykter, M., H. R. Kymäläinen, and F. Gates. 2006. Quality characteristics of edible linseed oil. Agricultural and Food Science 15(4):402-413.
  • Pavelek, M., E. Tejklová, and M. Bjelková. 2015. Flax and linseed. Industrial crops. breeding for bioenergy and bioproducts. 233-263.
  • Qayyum, M. A., F. Bashir, M. M. Maqbool, A. Ali, S. Bashir, and Q. Abbas. 2019. Implications of saline water irrigation for linseed on seed germination, seedling survival and growth potential. Sarhad J. Agric. 35(4): 1289-1297.
  • Qayyum, M. A., J. Akhtar, Z. A. Saqib, and S. M. A. Basra. 2015. Phenotyping of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes for potential against NaCl stress. Soil & Environment 34(2):200-206.
  • Sebei, K., A. Debez, W. Herchi, S. Boukhchina, and H. Kallel. 2007. Germination kinetics and seed reserve mobilization in two flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars under moderate salt stress. Journal of Plant Biology 50:447-454.
  • Sevgi, B., S. Leblebici. 2023. Tuz stresinin bitkiler üzerindeki etkileri ve geliştirilen tolerans mekanizmaları. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 11(3):1498-1516.
  • Singh, A., S. Shekhar, S. Marker, and P. W. Ramteke. 2021. Changes in morpho-physiological attributes in nine genotypes of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under different levels of salt (NaCl) stress. Vegetos. 34(3): 647-653.
  • Steel, R. G., and J. H. Torrie. 1981. Principles and Procedures of Statistics, A Biometrical Approach. Ed. 2. McGraw-Hill Kogakusha. USA
  • Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 2008. Plant Physiology and Development. ISBN:0-87893-823-0. 611 s.
  • Wang, Y., D. Li, L. J. Wang, Y. L. Chiu, X. D. Chen, Z. H. Mao, and C.F. Song. 2008. Optimization of extrusion of flaxseeds for in vitro protein digestibility analysis using response surface methodology. Journal of Food Engineering 85(1):59-64.
  • Willenborg, C. J., R. H. Gulden, E. N. Johnson, and S. J. Shirtliffe. 2004. Germination characteristics of polymer‐coated canola (Brassica napus L.) seeds subjected to moisture stress at different temperatures. Agronomy Journal. 96(3):786-791.
  • Zeng, Y., L. Li, R. Yang, X. Yi, and B. Zhang. 2015. Contribution and distribution of inorganic ions and organic compounds to the osmotic adjustment in Halostachys caspica response to salt stress. Scientific Reports 5(1): 13639.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Endüstri Bitkileri, Tarımda Bitki Biyokimyası ve Fizyolojisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yasemin Erdoğdu 0000-0001-8393-3444

İlkay Orhan 0009-0004-2235-9556

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdoğdu, Y., & Orhan, İ. (2025). The Effect of Salt and Drought Stresses on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Different Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 35(1), 62-73. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1600805
AMA Erdoğdu Y, Orhan İ. The Effect of Salt and Drought Stresses on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Different Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties. ANADOLU. Haziran 2025;35(1):62-73. doi:10.18615/anadolu.1600805
Chicago Erdoğdu, Yasemin, ve İlkay Orhan. “The Effect of Salt and Drought Stresses on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Different Linseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Varieties”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 35, sy. 1 (Haziran 2025): 62-73. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1600805.
EndNote Erdoğdu Y, Orhan İ (01 Haziran 2025) The Effect of Salt and Drought Stresses on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Different Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 35 1 62–73.
IEEE Y. Erdoğdu ve İ. Orhan, “The Effect of Salt and Drought Stresses on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Different Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties”, ANADOLU, c. 35, sy. 1, ss. 62–73, 2025, doi: 10.18615/anadolu.1600805.
ISNAD Erdoğdu, Yasemin - Orhan, İlkay. “The Effect of Salt and Drought Stresses on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Different Linseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Varieties”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 35/1 (Haziran 2025), 62-73. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1600805.
JAMA Erdoğdu Y, Orhan İ. The Effect of Salt and Drought Stresses on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Different Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties. ANADOLU. 2025;35:62–73.
MLA Erdoğdu, Yasemin ve İlkay Orhan. “The Effect of Salt and Drought Stresses on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Different Linseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Varieties”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 35, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 62-73, doi:10.18615/anadolu.1600805.
Vancouver Erdoğdu Y, Orhan İ. The Effect of Salt and Drought Stresses on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Different Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties. ANADOLU. 2025;35(1):62-73.
 Kapak Resmi İndir
29899ANADOLU Journal by Aegean Agricultural Research Institute is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0  

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