Genç yetişkinlerde COVID-19 kısıtlamalarının fiziksel aktivite ve sosyal etkileşimler üzerindeki uzun dönem etkisi
Öz
Amaç: Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, 11 Mart 2020›de koronavirüs hastalığı-2019›u (COVID-19) pandemi olarak ilan etti. Enfeksiyonun yayılmasını önlemek amacıyla getirilen kısıtlamalar, dünya çapında bir karantina sürecine yol açtı ve insanların fiziksel aktivitelerini ve sosyal etkileşimlerini etkiledi. COVID-19 kısıtlamaları bugün sona ermiş olmasına rağmen, kısıtlamaların uzun vadeli etkileri belirsizdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 kısıtlamalarının uzun dönem etkilerinin, bireylerin COVID-19 geçmişi olup olmamasına bağlı olarak, genç yetişkinlerde fiziksel aktivite ve sosyal etkileşimler üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır.
Yöntemler: Çalışmamız COVID-19 kısıtlamalarından sonra genç yetişkinlerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Genç yetişkinler, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan demografik bilgi formu ve COVID-19 ile ilgili anketi yanıtladı. Fiziksel aktivite, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi-Kısa Form (UFAA-KF) ile değerlendirildi ve metabolik eşdeğer (MET) olarak hesaplandı. Sosyal etkileşim kaygısı ve sosyal fobi; Sosyal Etkileşim Kaygı Ölçeği (SEKÖ) ve Sosyal Fobi Ölçeği (SFÖ) ile değerlendirildi; her iki ölçek de 0-80 arasında puanlanır ve daha yüksek puanlar daha büyük şiddeti gösterir. Çalışmanın verileri Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 ile analiz edildi. Normallik analizi, Kolmogorov-Smirnov testiyle gerçekleştirildi. Parametrik veriler Independent Samples t-Test ile karşılaştırıldı. Kategorik değişkenler için Ki-Kare testi kullanıldı. p<0.05 anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Toplamda 163 genç yetişkin (yaş: 22,17 ± 1,73 yıl, COVID-19 geçirmiş/COVID-19 geçirmemiş: 71/92, UFAA-KF: 1660,83 ± 1728,84 MET, SEKÖ: 28,77 ± 13,53, SFÖ: 22,60 ± 15,96) çalışmaya katıldı. COVID-19 geçirme durumuna göre belirlenen gruplar arasında dışarıda geçirilen günler açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu [%52,1’e karşı %66,3, COVID-19 geçirmiş gruba (0-3 gün) karşı COVID-19 geçirmemiş grup (4-7 gün), p = 0,025]. COVID-19 geçirme durumuna göre belirlenen gruplar arasında UFAA-KF (p = 0,428), SEKÖ (p = 0,540) ve SFÖ (p = 0,971) açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmadı.
Sonuç: COVID-19 geçirme öyküsü, kısıtlamalardan sonra genç yetişkinlerde fiziksel aktivite ve sosyal etkileşimleri etkilememektedir. Ancak, COVID-19 geçirmiş grubun daha az sıklıkla dışarıda zaman geçirdiği göz önüne alındığında, COVID-19 kısıtlamalarının etkisinin araştırmaya açık olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
1919B012109458
Kaynakça
- Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O’neill N, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg. 2020;76:71-6.
- Bordarie J, Aguerre C, Bolteau L. A longitudinal approach of lockdown effects on quality of life and the expression of anxiety-depressive disorders according to sensory processing sensitivity. Psychol Health Med. 2022;27(10):2288-99.
- Goodyear VA, Boardley I, Chiou SY, et al. Social media use informing behaviours related to physical activity, diet and quality of life during COVID-19: a mixed methods study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1333.
- Ejiri M, Kawai H, Kera T, et al. Exercise as a coping strategy and its impact on the psychological well-being of Japanese community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2021;57:102054.
- Srivastav AK, Sharma N, Samuel AJ. Impact of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) lockdown on physical activity and energy expenditure among physiotherapy professionals and students using web-based open E-survey sent through WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram messengers. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2021;9:78-84.
- Methnani J, Amor D, Yousfi N, Bouslama A, Omezzine A, Bouhlel E. Sedentary behavior, exercise and COVID-19: immune and metabolic implications in obesity and its comorbidities. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021;61(11):1538-47.
- Woods JA, Hutchinson NT, Powers SK, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports Med Health Sci. 2020;2(2):55-64.
- MacEachern S, Forkert ND, Lemay JF, et al. Physical activity participation and barriers for children and adolescents with disabilities. Int J Disabil Dev Educ. 2022;69(1):204-16.
- Rousset S, Douarre M, Poyet A, et al. Objective evaluation of the first post-lockdown on physical activity, sedentary behavior and food choice in a sample of French young adult students. Prev Med Rep. 2022;28:101863.
- Caputo EL, Feter N, Leite JS, et al. Physical activity trajectory in the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: a follow-up study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022;14(1):58.
- Jeon BJ, Son SM. Social interaction changes in people with intellectual disabilities through the application of equine-assisted intervention in Korea. Am J Transl Res. 2021;13(4):3573-81.
- Ji JL, Basanovic J, MacLeod C. Social activity promotes resilience against loneliness in depressed individuals: a study over 14-days of physical isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):7155.
- Bauman AE, Reis RS, Sallis JF, et al. Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):258-71.
- Donovan EE, Alducin R, Spaulding K, et al. The labor of talking to stay healthy and socially connected: Communication work during the COVID-19 pandemic. SSM Qual Res Health. 2022;2:100102.
- Papaioannou A, Schinke R, Chang Y, et al. Physical activity, health and well-being in an imposed social distanced world. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2020;18(4):414-9.
- Rogers SL, Cruickshank T. Change in mental health, physical health, and social relationships during highly restrictive lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Australia. PeerJ. 2021;9:e11767.
- Demirbilek Y, Pehlivantürk G, Özgüler ZÖ, Alp Meşe E. COVID-19 outbreak control, example of ministry of health of Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(SI-1):489-94.
- Gough C, Barr C, Lewis LK, Hutchinson C, Maeder A, George S. Older adults’ community participation, physical activity, and social interactions during and following COVID-19 restrictions in Australia: a mixed methods approach. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):172.
- Forbes P, Pronizius E, Feneberg AC, et al. The benefits and limits of social interactions during COVID-19 lockdown. PsyArXiv Preprints. 2021.
- De Groef A, Hallemans A, Gebruers N, et al. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the general health status of people with chronic health conditions in Belgium: a cross-sectional survey study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2023;39(6):1189-204.
- Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381-95.
- Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH, Stewart SM. Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF): a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:115.
- Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111(1):278-84.
- Mattick RP, Clarke JC. Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behav Res Ther. 1998;36(4):455-70.
- Ouyang X, Cai Y, Tu D. Psychometric Properties of the Short Forms of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale in a Chinese College Sample. Front Psychol. 2020;11:2214.
- McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2012;22(3):276-82.
- Chtourou H, Trabelsi K, H’mida C, et al. Staying Physically Active During the Quarantine and Self-Isolation Period for Controlling and Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Overview of the Literature. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1708.
- Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, et al. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1583.
- Saldıran TÇ, Tanrıverdi M, Cakar E. Relationship between physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors in college students. J Basic Clin Health Sci. 2019;3(2):58-62.
- Gjaka M, Feka K, Bianco A, et al. The Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Physical Activity Levels and Sedentary Behaviour in a Relatively Young Population Living in Kosovo. J Clin Med. 2021;10(4):763.
- Castañeda-Babarro A, Arbillaga-Etxarri A, Gutiérrez-Santamaría B, Coca A. Physical Activity Change during COVID-19 Confinement. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6878.
- Quittkat HL, Düsing R, Holtmann FJ, Buhlmann U, Svaldi J, Vocks S. Perceived Impact of Covid-19 Across Different Mental Disorders: A Study on Disorder-Specific Symptoms, Psychosocial Stress and Behavior. Front Psychol. 2020;11:586246.
- Long E, Patterson S, Maxwell K, et al. COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on social relationships and health. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2022;76(2):128-32.
- Kroencke L, Humberg S, Breil SM, et al. Extraversion, social interactions, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Did extraverts really suffer more than introverts?. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2023;125(3):649-79.
- Foo CC, Cheung B, Chu KM. A comparative study regarding distance learning and the conventional face-to-face approach conducted problem-based learning tutorial during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Med Educ. 2021;21(1):141.
- Peterson S. Digital physical therapy practice and payment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case series. Physiother Theory Pract. 2023;39(2):469-78.
- Wang D, Mao Z. A comparative study of public health and social measures of COVID-19 advocated in different countries. Health Policy. 2021;125(8):957-71.
- Tanrıverdi M, Yekelenga S. Genç Yetişkinlerde Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığının Sağlıklı Yaşam Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. Bağımlılık Dergisi. 2019;20(4):224-31.
Long-term impact of COVID-19 restrictions on physical activity and social interactions in young adults
Öz
Aim: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared pandemic by World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Restrictions to prevent the spread of the infection brought about global quarantine process and affected people’s physical activity and social interactions. Although COVID-19 restrictions are over today, long-term impact of the restrictions are unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term impact of COVID-19 restrictions on physical activity and social interactions in young adults, depending on whether they had a history of COVID-19 or not.
Methods: This study was conducted with young adults after COVID-19 restrictions. Young adults answered a demographic form and a COVID-19-related questionnaire created by researchers. Physical activity was evaluated with International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and calculated in metabolic equivalent (MET). Social interaction anxiety and social phobia were assessed with Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and Social Phobia Scale (SPS), both scored between 0-80, with higher scores indicating greater severity. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0. Normality was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Parametric data were compared using the Independent Samples t-Test, and categorical variables with the Chi-Square test. p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: A Total of 163 young adults (age: 22.17 ± 1.73 years, COVID-19/non-COVID-19: 71/92, IPAQ-SF: 1660.83 ± 1728.84 MET, SIAS: 28.77 ± 13.53 SPS: 22.60 ± 15.96) participated. We found a statistically significant difference between COVID-19 groups according to the days spent outdoors [52.1% versus 66.3%, COVID-19 (0-3 days) versus non-COVID-19 (4-7 days), p = 0.025]. There was no statistically significant difference in IPAQ-SF (p = 0.428), SIAS (p = 0.540), and SPS (p = 0.971) according to having history of COVID-19.
Conclusion: Having history of COVID-19 does not affect physical activity and social interactions after restrictions in young adults. However, considering that COVID-19 group spent outdoors less often, we think that impact of COVID-19 restrictions is still open to research.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Etik Beyan
Ethics committee approval was obtained from the Bezmialem Vakıf University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (Date: 23.06.2022, Number: E-54022451-050.05.04-67586).
Destekleyen Kurum
This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Institution of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK) (Grant: 1919B012109458).
Proje Numarası
1919B012109458
Kaynakça
- Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O’neill N, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg. 2020;76:71-6.
- Bordarie J, Aguerre C, Bolteau L. A longitudinal approach of lockdown effects on quality of life and the expression of anxiety-depressive disorders according to sensory processing sensitivity. Psychol Health Med. 2022;27(10):2288-99.
- Goodyear VA, Boardley I, Chiou SY, et al. Social media use informing behaviours related to physical activity, diet and quality of life during COVID-19: a mixed methods study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1333.
- Ejiri M, Kawai H, Kera T, et al. Exercise as a coping strategy and its impact on the psychological well-being of Japanese community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2021;57:102054.
- Srivastav AK, Sharma N, Samuel AJ. Impact of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) lockdown on physical activity and energy expenditure among physiotherapy professionals and students using web-based open E-survey sent through WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram messengers. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2021;9:78-84.
- Methnani J, Amor D, Yousfi N, Bouslama A, Omezzine A, Bouhlel E. Sedentary behavior, exercise and COVID-19: immune and metabolic implications in obesity and its comorbidities. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021;61(11):1538-47.
- Woods JA, Hutchinson NT, Powers SK, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports Med Health Sci. 2020;2(2):55-64.
- MacEachern S, Forkert ND, Lemay JF, et al. Physical activity participation and barriers for children and adolescents with disabilities. Int J Disabil Dev Educ. 2022;69(1):204-16.
- Rousset S, Douarre M, Poyet A, et al. Objective evaluation of the first post-lockdown on physical activity, sedentary behavior and food choice in a sample of French young adult students. Prev Med Rep. 2022;28:101863.
- Caputo EL, Feter N, Leite JS, et al. Physical activity trajectory in the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: a follow-up study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022;14(1):58.
- Jeon BJ, Son SM. Social interaction changes in people with intellectual disabilities through the application of equine-assisted intervention in Korea. Am J Transl Res. 2021;13(4):3573-81.
- Ji JL, Basanovic J, MacLeod C. Social activity promotes resilience against loneliness in depressed individuals: a study over 14-days of physical isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):7155.
- Bauman AE, Reis RS, Sallis JF, et al. Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):258-71.
- Donovan EE, Alducin R, Spaulding K, et al. The labor of talking to stay healthy and socially connected: Communication work during the COVID-19 pandemic. SSM Qual Res Health. 2022;2:100102.
- Papaioannou A, Schinke R, Chang Y, et al. Physical activity, health and well-being in an imposed social distanced world. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2020;18(4):414-9.
- Rogers SL, Cruickshank T. Change in mental health, physical health, and social relationships during highly restrictive lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Australia. PeerJ. 2021;9:e11767.
- Demirbilek Y, Pehlivantürk G, Özgüler ZÖ, Alp Meşe E. COVID-19 outbreak control, example of ministry of health of Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(SI-1):489-94.
- Gough C, Barr C, Lewis LK, Hutchinson C, Maeder A, George S. Older adults’ community participation, physical activity, and social interactions during and following COVID-19 restrictions in Australia: a mixed methods approach. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):172.
- Forbes P, Pronizius E, Feneberg AC, et al. The benefits and limits of social interactions during COVID-19 lockdown. PsyArXiv Preprints. 2021.
- De Groef A, Hallemans A, Gebruers N, et al. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the general health status of people with chronic health conditions in Belgium: a cross-sectional survey study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2023;39(6):1189-204.
- Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381-95.
- Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH, Stewart SM. Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF): a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:115.
- Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111(1):278-84.
- Mattick RP, Clarke JC. Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behav Res Ther. 1998;36(4):455-70.
- Ouyang X, Cai Y, Tu D. Psychometric Properties of the Short Forms of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale in a Chinese College Sample. Front Psychol. 2020;11:2214.
- McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2012;22(3):276-82.
- Chtourou H, Trabelsi K, H’mida C, et al. Staying Physically Active During the Quarantine and Self-Isolation Period for Controlling and Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Overview of the Literature. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1708.
- Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, et al. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1583.
- Saldıran TÇ, Tanrıverdi M, Cakar E. Relationship between physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors in college students. J Basic Clin Health Sci. 2019;3(2):58-62.
- Gjaka M, Feka K, Bianco A, et al. The Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Physical Activity Levels and Sedentary Behaviour in a Relatively Young Population Living in Kosovo. J Clin Med. 2021;10(4):763.
- Castañeda-Babarro A, Arbillaga-Etxarri A, Gutiérrez-Santamaría B, Coca A. Physical Activity Change during COVID-19 Confinement. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6878.
- Quittkat HL, Düsing R, Holtmann FJ, Buhlmann U, Svaldi J, Vocks S. Perceived Impact of Covid-19 Across Different Mental Disorders: A Study on Disorder-Specific Symptoms, Psychosocial Stress and Behavior. Front Psychol. 2020;11:586246.
- Long E, Patterson S, Maxwell K, et al. COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on social relationships and health. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2022;76(2):128-32.
- Kroencke L, Humberg S, Breil SM, et al. Extraversion, social interactions, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Did extraverts really suffer more than introverts?. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2023;125(3):649-79.
- Foo CC, Cheung B, Chu KM. A comparative study regarding distance learning and the conventional face-to-face approach conducted problem-based learning tutorial during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Med Educ. 2021;21(1):141.
- Peterson S. Digital physical therapy practice and payment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case series. Physiother Theory Pract. 2023;39(2):469-78.
- Wang D, Mao Z. A comparative study of public health and social measures of COVID-19 advocated in different countries. Health Policy. 2021;125(8):957-71.
- Tanrıverdi M, Yekelenga S. Genç Yetişkinlerde Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığının Sağlıklı Yaşam Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. Bağımlılık Dergisi. 2019;20(4):224-31.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | ORJİNAL MAKALE |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 1919B012109458 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Mayıs 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Eylül 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 26 Mart 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2 |
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