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Non-target insect species and their importance caught in pheromone traps of Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 198 - 208, 28.10.2022

Hazan Alkan Akıncı

https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.1192468

Öz

Ips typographus that was first discovered in 1984 in oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) forests of Artvin has killed more than 2 million cubic meters of spruce trees. In order to minimize attacks on living trees salvage logging, sanitation felling and pheromone trapping has been applied. In addition to I. typographus adults, non-target predators and saproxylic species are also caught in the pheromone traps.
In this study, non-target insect species and their capture densities were investigated depending on data obtained from pheromone trap catches in Artvin spruce forests. A total of 46 pheromone traps were employed in Taşlıca Forest Sub-District. Pheromone traps were controlled every ten days, and number of insects and their species were recorded per trap. Thanasimus formicarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Rhagium bifasciatum Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) were recorded with I. typographus in pheromone traps. The importance of trapping T. formicarius that is reared in the laboratory and released into the forest for biological control of I. typographus in terms of biological control studies has been discussed particularly.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bark beetles saproxylic species thanasimus formicarus Rhagium bifasciatum

Kaynakça

  • Aksu Y (2011) Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae)’in biyolojisi, laboratuarda üretim yöntemleri, ormanlara salınması ve mücadele sonuçları. Türkiye I. Orman Entomolojisi ve Patolojisi Sempozyumu, Bildiriler, 23–25 Kasım 2011, Antalya, 73-79.
  • Alkan Ş (1985) Şavşat İşletmesi Ormanlarında Dendroctonus micans Kug. (Dev soymuk böceği). Orman Mühendisliği Dergisi 1, 59–62.
  • Alkan H, Eroğlu M (2001) A contribution to the knowledge of Cerambycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) species of the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey. Türk. Entemol. Derg. 25(4): 243 – 255.
  • Alkan Akıncı H, Genç Ç, Akıncı H (2022) Susceptibility assessment and mapping of Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in oriental spruce forests in Artvin, Turkey. Journal of Applied Entomology 2022;00:1–15. 10.1111/jen.13045.
  • Alkan Akıncı H, Özcan GE, Eroğlu M (2009) Impacts of site efects on losses of oriental spruce during Dendroctonus micans (Kug.) outbreaks in Turkey. Afr J Biotechnol 8(16): 3934–3939. https:// doi.org/10.4314/ajb.v8i16.62085
  • Alkan Akıncı H, Eroğlu M, Özcan GE (2014) Attack strategy and development of Dendroctonus micans (Kug.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on oriental spruce in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 38(1): 31 - 41.
  • Aukema BH, Dahlsten DL, Raffa KF (2000) Exploiting Behavioral Disparities Among Predators and Prey to Selectively Remove Pests: Maximizing the Ratio of Bark Beetles to Predators Removed During Semiochemically Based Trap-Out. Environmental Entomology, 29(3): 651–660. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.651
  • Aukema BH, Raffa KF (2000) Chemically mediated predatör-free space: Herbivores can synergize intraspecific communication without increasing risk of predation. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26(8): 1923 – 1939.
  • Bakke A, Kvamme T (1981) Kairomone response in Thanasimus predators to pheromone components of Ips typographus. J. Chem. Ecol. 7(2): 305-312.
  • Bentz BJ, Régniére J, Fettig CJ, Hansen EM, Hayes JL, Hicke JA et al. (2010) Climate change and bark beetles of the Western United States and Canada: direct and indirect effects. BioScience. 60: 602–13.
  • Bense U (1995) Longhorn Beetles. Illustrated Key to the Cerambycidae and Vesperidae of Europe. Margraf Verlag, Weikersheim, Germany, 512 s.
  • Bracalini M, Croci F, Ciardi E et al (2021) Ips sexdentatus Mass-Trapping: Mitigation of Its Negative Effects on Saproxylic Beetles Larger Than the Target. Forests, 12, 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12020175
  • Byers JA (1996) An encounter rate model of bark beetle population searching at random for susceptible host trees. Ecological Modelling, 91, 57–66.
  • Byers JA (2004) Chemical ecology of bark beetles in a complex olfactory landscape. Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis (ed. by F Lieutier, KR Day, A Battisti, JC Grégoire and HF Evans), pp. 89–134. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
  • DeMars CJ, Dahlsten DL, Sharpnack NX, Rowney DL (1986) Tree utilization and density of attacking and emerging populations of the Western Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and its natural enemies, Bass Lake, California, 1970–1971. Can. Entomol. 118, 881–900.
  • Dixon WN, Payne TL (1980) Attraction of entomophagous and associate insects of the southern pine beetle to beetle and host tree-produced volatiles. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 15: 378-389.
  • Erbilgin N, Raffa KF (2000) Effects of host tree species on attractiveness of tunneling pine engravers, Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to conspecifics and insect predators. J. Chem. Ecol. 26: 823-840.
  • Eroğlu M, Alkan Akıncı H, Özcan GE (2003) Artvin Hatila Vadisi Milli Parkı’nda Meydana Gelen Kurumalarla İlgili İnceleme Raporu. T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Doğa Koruma Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü, 31.07.2003 tarih ve B.18.0.DKMPG.0.02.01.24 sayılı rapor, Ankara, 8s.
  • Eroğlu M, Alkan Akıncı H, Özcan GE (2005a) Ladin Ormanlarımızda Kabuk Böceği Yıkımlarına Karşı İzlenebilecek Kısa ve Uzun Dönemli Mücadele ve İyileştirme Çalışmaları. Ladin Sempozyumu, 20–22 Ekim 2005, Trabzon, Bildiriler Kitabı, I. Cilt, 184–194.
  • Eroğlu M, Alkan Akıncı H, Özcan GE (2005b) Kabuk Böceği salgınlarının nedenleri ve boyutları. Orman ve Av 5, 27–34.
  • Faccoli M, Stergulc F (2004) Ips typographus (L.) pheromone trapping in south Alps: Spring catches determine damage thresholds, Journal of Applied Entomology, 128, 307– 311.
  • Fettig CJ, Hilszczański J (2015) Management strategies for bark beetles in conifer forests. In: Vega FE, Hofstetter RW (eds.) Bark Beetles. Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 555–584.
  • Genç Ç (2021) Hatila Vadisi Milli Parkı ve Artvin Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü, Taşlıca Orman İşletme Şefliği Ormanlarında Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)’un Lokal Yayılışının Frekans Oranı Yöntemi ile Araştırılması. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Orman Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Artvin, 49 s.
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  • Gregoire JC, Raffa KF, Lindgren BS (2015) Economics and politics of bark beetles. In: Vega FE and Hofstetter RW (eds.). Bark Beetles, Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species, Elsevier, pp. 585–613.
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Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) feromon tuzaklarında tespit edilen hedef olmayan başlıca böcek türleri ve önemi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 198 - 208, 28.10.2022

Hazan Alkan Akıncı

https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.1192468

Öz

Artvin doğu ladini (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) ormanlarındaki varlığı ilk olarak 1984 yılında tespit edilen Ips typographus, günümüze kadar 2 milyon metreküpten fazla ladin ağacının kurumasına yol açmıştır. Canlı ağaçlar üzerindeki saldırıları en aza indirmek amacıyla rüzgâr devrikleri temizlenmekte, istila edilmiş ağaçlara sağlık kesimi uygulanmakta ve ergin böceklerin kitle halinde yakalanması için feromon tuzakları asılmaktadır. Asılan feromon tuzaklarına I. typographus erginleri yanında hedef olmayan yırtıcı ve saproksilik türler de yakalanmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, Artvin ladin ormanlarında I. typographus’un kitle halinde yakalanması için kullanılan feromon tuzaklarından elde edilen hedef olmayan böcek türleri ve yakalanma yoğunlukları araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Taşlıca Orman İşletme Şefliği ormanlarında toplam 46 feromon tuzağı asılmıştır. Feromon tuzakları 10 gün aralıklarla kontrol edilerek, her bir tuzakta tespit edilen böcek türleri ve sayıları kaydedilmiştir. Feromon tuzaklarında I. typographus ile birlikte yoğun olarak Thanasimus formicarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) ve Rhagium bifasciatum Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) türleri de tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle, I. typographus’un biyolojik mücadelesi için laboratuarda üretilerek ormana salınan T. formicarius’un tuzaklarda yakalanmasının biyolojik mücadele çalışmaları açısından önemi tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kabuk böcekleri saproksilik türler Thanasimus formicarius Rhagium bifasciatum

Kaynakça

  • Aksu Y (2011) Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae)’in biyolojisi, laboratuarda üretim yöntemleri, ormanlara salınması ve mücadele sonuçları. Türkiye I. Orman Entomolojisi ve Patolojisi Sempozyumu, Bildiriler, 23–25 Kasım 2011, Antalya, 73-79.
  • Alkan Ş (1985) Şavşat İşletmesi Ormanlarında Dendroctonus micans Kug. (Dev soymuk böceği). Orman Mühendisliği Dergisi 1, 59–62.
  • Alkan H, Eroğlu M (2001) A contribution to the knowledge of Cerambycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) species of the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey. Türk. Entemol. Derg. 25(4): 243 – 255.
  • Alkan Akıncı H, Genç Ç, Akıncı H (2022) Susceptibility assessment and mapping of Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in oriental spruce forests in Artvin, Turkey. Journal of Applied Entomology 2022;00:1–15. 10.1111/jen.13045.
  • Alkan Akıncı H, Özcan GE, Eroğlu M (2009) Impacts of site efects on losses of oriental spruce during Dendroctonus micans (Kug.) outbreaks in Turkey. Afr J Biotechnol 8(16): 3934–3939. https:// doi.org/10.4314/ajb.v8i16.62085
  • Alkan Akıncı H, Eroğlu M, Özcan GE (2014) Attack strategy and development of Dendroctonus micans (Kug.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on oriental spruce in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 38(1): 31 - 41.
  • Aukema BH, Dahlsten DL, Raffa KF (2000) Exploiting Behavioral Disparities Among Predators and Prey to Selectively Remove Pests: Maximizing the Ratio of Bark Beetles to Predators Removed During Semiochemically Based Trap-Out. Environmental Entomology, 29(3): 651–660. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.651
  • Aukema BH, Raffa KF (2000) Chemically mediated predatör-free space: Herbivores can synergize intraspecific communication without increasing risk of predation. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26(8): 1923 – 1939.
  • Bakke A, Kvamme T (1981) Kairomone response in Thanasimus predators to pheromone components of Ips typographus. J. Chem. Ecol. 7(2): 305-312.
  • Bentz BJ, Régniére J, Fettig CJ, Hansen EM, Hayes JL, Hicke JA et al. (2010) Climate change and bark beetles of the Western United States and Canada: direct and indirect effects. BioScience. 60: 602–13.
  • Bense U (1995) Longhorn Beetles. Illustrated Key to the Cerambycidae and Vesperidae of Europe. Margraf Verlag, Weikersheim, Germany, 512 s.
  • Bracalini M, Croci F, Ciardi E et al (2021) Ips sexdentatus Mass-Trapping: Mitigation of Its Negative Effects on Saproxylic Beetles Larger Than the Target. Forests, 12, 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12020175
  • Byers JA (1996) An encounter rate model of bark beetle population searching at random for susceptible host trees. Ecological Modelling, 91, 57–66.
  • Byers JA (2004) Chemical ecology of bark beetles in a complex olfactory landscape. Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis (ed. by F Lieutier, KR Day, A Battisti, JC Grégoire and HF Evans), pp. 89–134. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
  • DeMars CJ, Dahlsten DL, Sharpnack NX, Rowney DL (1986) Tree utilization and density of attacking and emerging populations of the Western Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and its natural enemies, Bass Lake, California, 1970–1971. Can. Entomol. 118, 881–900.
  • Dixon WN, Payne TL (1980) Attraction of entomophagous and associate insects of the southern pine beetle to beetle and host tree-produced volatiles. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 15: 378-389.
  • Erbilgin N, Raffa KF (2000) Effects of host tree species on attractiveness of tunneling pine engravers, Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to conspecifics and insect predators. J. Chem. Ecol. 26: 823-840.
  • Eroğlu M, Alkan Akıncı H, Özcan GE (2003) Artvin Hatila Vadisi Milli Parkı’nda Meydana Gelen Kurumalarla İlgili İnceleme Raporu. T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Doğa Koruma Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü, 31.07.2003 tarih ve B.18.0.DKMPG.0.02.01.24 sayılı rapor, Ankara, 8s.
  • Eroğlu M, Alkan Akıncı H, Özcan GE (2005a) Ladin Ormanlarımızda Kabuk Böceği Yıkımlarına Karşı İzlenebilecek Kısa ve Uzun Dönemli Mücadele ve İyileştirme Çalışmaları. Ladin Sempozyumu, 20–22 Ekim 2005, Trabzon, Bildiriler Kitabı, I. Cilt, 184–194.
  • Eroğlu M, Alkan Akıncı H, Özcan GE (2005b) Kabuk Böceği salgınlarının nedenleri ve boyutları. Orman ve Av 5, 27–34.
  • Faccoli M, Stergulc F (2004) Ips typographus (L.) pheromone trapping in south Alps: Spring catches determine damage thresholds, Journal of Applied Entomology, 128, 307– 311.
  • Fettig CJ, Hilszczański J (2015) Management strategies for bark beetles in conifer forests. In: Vega FE, Hofstetter RW (eds.) Bark Beetles. Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 555–584.
  • Genç Ç (2021) Hatila Vadisi Milli Parkı ve Artvin Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü, Taşlıca Orman İşletme Şefliği Ormanlarında Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)’un Lokal Yayılışının Frekans Oranı Yöntemi ile Araştırılması. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Orman Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Artvin, 49 s.
  • Grégoire JC (1988) “The Greater European Spruce Beetle, 455-478”. In: Dynamics of Forest InsectsPopulations (Ed: A.A. Berryman). Plenum Press, New York, 624 pp.
  • Grégoire JC, Baisier M, Merlin J, Naache Y (1989) Interactions between Rhizophagis grandis (Coleoptera, Rhizophagidae) and Dendroctonus micans (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) in the field and the laboratory: their application for the biological control of D. micans in France, pp. 95-108. In DL Kulhavy and MC Miller [eds.], Potential for biological control of Dendroctonus and Ips bark beetles. School of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX.
  • Gregoire JC, Raffa KF, Lindgren BS (2015) Economics and politics of bark beetles. In: Vega FE and Hofstetter RW (eds.). Bark Beetles, Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species, Elsevier, pp. 585–613.
  • Hayes CJ, DeGomez TE, Clancy KM, Williams KK, McMillin JD, Anhold JA (2008) Evaluation of funnel traps for characterizing the bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) communities in ponderosa pine forests of northcentral Arizona. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101(4): 1253–1265.
  • Hicke JA, Meddens AJH, Kolden CA (2015) Recent tree mortality in the Western United States from bark beetles and forest fires. Forest Science, 62(2): 141–153. https://doi.org/10.5849/forsci.15-086
  • Hlásny T, König L, Krokene P et al. (2021) Bark Beetle Outbreaks in Europe: State of Knowledge and Ways Forward for Management. Current Forestry Reports, 7, 138–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-021-00142-x
  • Holuša J, Lukášová K, Lubojacký J (2012) Comparison of seasonal flight activity of Ips typographus and Ips duplicatus. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 43(3): 109–115.
  • Hulcr J, Ubik K, Vrkoc J (2006) The role of semiochemicals in tritrophic interactions between the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, its predators and infested spruce. Journal of Applied Entomology, 130(5): 275–283.
  • Jactel H, Branco M, Duncker P, Gardiner B, Grodzki W, Langstrom B, Moreira F, Netherer S, Nicoll B, Orazio C, Piou D, Schelhaas M, Tojic K (2012) A multicriteria risk analysis to evaluate impacts of forest management alternatives on forest health in Europe. Ecology and Society 17(4): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-04897-170452
  • Kautz M, Imron MI, Dworschak K, Schopf R (2016) Dispersal variability and associated population-level consequences in tree-killing bark beetles. Movement Ecology, 4(9). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-016-0074-9
  • Kohnle U, Vité JP (1984) Bark beetle predators: strategies in the olfactory perception of prey species by clerid and trogositid beetles. Z. Ang. Entomol. 98, 504-508.
  • Langor DW, Spence JR, Hammond HEJ, Jacobs J, Cobb TP (2006) Maintaining saproxylic insects in Canada’s intensively managed boreal forests: a review. In: Insect biodiversity and dead wood: proceedings of a symposium for the 22nd International Congress of Entomology. Ed. by Grove SJ, Hanula JL, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, 83–97.
  • Lindgren BS, Borden JH (1983) Survey and mass trapping of ambrosia beetles (Coloptera: Scolytidae) in timber processing areas on Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 13, 481–493.
  • Marini L, Økland B, Jönsson AM, Bentz B, Carroll A, Forster B et al. (2017) Climate drivers of bark beetle outbreak dynamics in Norway spruce forests. Ecography, 40:1426–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02769
  • Martín A, Etxebeste I, Pérez G, Álvarez G, Sánchez E, Pajares J (2013) Modified pheromone traps help reduce bycatch of bark-beetle natural enemies. Agrucultural and Forest Entomology, 15(1): 86-97.
  • Meurisse N, Pawson S (2017) Quantifying dispersal of a non-aggressive saprophytic bark beetle. PLoS One, 12(4): e0174111. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174111.
  • Nansen C (2004) Technology calculating pheromone trap catches. Pest Control, 36–38.
  • Niemeyer H (1997) Integrated bark beetle control: experiences and problems in Northern Germany. Proceedings: Integrating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE 236, 80–86.
  • Nilssen AC (1984) Long-range aerial dispersal of bark beetles and bark weevils (Coleoptera, Scolytidae and Curculionidae) in northern Finland, Annales Entomologici Fennici, 50(2): 37-42.
  • Özcan GE, Çiçek O, Enez K, Yıldız M (2018) A new design of electronic control unit involving microcontroller to determine important parameters for target species in forest. Environ Monit Assess 190: 600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6960-4
  • Özcan GE, Eroğlu M, Alkan Akıncı H (2011) Use of pheromone-baited traps for monitoring Ips sexdentatus (Boerner) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in oriental spruce stands. African Journal of Biotechnology 10 (72): 16351–16360.
  • Özcan GE, Sivrikaya F, Sakıcı OE, Enez K (2022) Determination of some factors leading to the infestation of Ips sexdentatus in crimean pine stands. Forest Ecology and Management 519: 120316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120316
  • Özcan GE, Tabak HŞ (2021) Evaluation of electronic pheromone trap capture conditions for Ips sexdentatus with climatic and temporal factors. Environental Monitoring and Assessment, 193: 625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09402-6
  • Özkaya MS, Aksu Y, Tüylü N (2010) Picea orientalis ormanlarında Ips typographus’un mücadelesi için kullanılan feromon tuzaklarına düşen predatör böcek türlerinin tespiti üzerine araştırmalar. III. Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi, Bildiriler kitabı IV. Cilt, 20-22 Mayıs 2010 Artvin, 1301-1308.
  • Pajares JA, Ibeas F, Díez JJ, Gallego D (2004) Attractive reponses by Monochamus galloprovincialis (Col., Cerambycidae) to host and bark bettle semiochemicals. Journal of Applied Entomology, 128, 633–638.
  • Panzavolta T, Bracalini M, Bonuomo L, Croci F, Tiberi R (2014) Field response of non-target beetles to Ips sexdentatus aggregation pheromone and pine volatiles. Journal of Applied Entomology, 138, 586–599.
  • Poland TM, Borden JH (1997) Attraction of a bark beetle predator, Thanasimus undulatus (Coleoptera: Cleridae) to pheromones of the spruce beetle and two secondary bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). J. Entomol. Soc. B.C. 94: 35 – 41.
  • Reeve JD (1997) Predation and bark beetle dynamics. Oecologia, 112, 48–54.
  • Ross DW, Daterman GE (1995) Response of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Thanasimus undatulus (Coleoptera: Cleridae) to traps with different semiochemicals. J. Econ. Entomol. 88: 106 – 111.
  • Rudinsky JA, Novak V, Svihra P (1971) Pheromone and terpene attraction in the bark beetle Ips typographus (L.). Experientia, 27, 161-162.
  • Schelhaas MJ, Nabuurs GJ, Schuck A (2003) Natural disturbances in the European forests in the 19th and 20th centuries. Global Change Biology, 9: 1620 - 1633. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00684.x
  • Seidl R, Schelhaas MJ, Rammer W, Verkerk PJ (2014) Increasing forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage. Nature Climate Change. Nature Publishing Group 4: 806.
  • Senf C, Pflugmacher D, Zhiqiang Y, Sebald J, Knorn J, Neumann M et al. (2018) Canopy mortality has doubled in Europe’s temperate forests over the last three decades. Nature Communications, 9:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07539-6
  • Seybold S, Huber D, Lee J, Graves A, Bohlmann J (2006) Pine monoterpenes and pine bark beetles: a marriage of convenience for defense and chemical communication. Phytochemistry Reviews, 5, 143–178.
  • Siitonen J (1994) Decaying wood and saproxylic Coleoptera in two old spruce forets: a comparison based on two sampling methods. Ann. Zool. Fennici 31: 89-95.
  • Siitonen J (2001) Forest management, coarse woody debris and saproxylic organism: Fennoscandian boreal forests as an example. Ecol. Bull. 49, 11–41.
  • Speight MCD (1989) Saproxylic invertabrates and their conservation. Strasbourg, Council of Europe.
  • Stephen FM, Dahlsten DL (1976) The arrival sequence of the arthropod complex following attack by Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in ponderosa pine. Can. Entomol. 108: 283-304.
  • Tommeras BA (1988) The clerid beetle Thanasimus formicarius is attracted to the pheromone of the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum. Experientia, 44, 536-537.
  • Warzee N, Grégoire JC (2003) Thanasimus formicarius (Coleoptera: Cleridae) : Why a Large Range of Prey for a Specialized Predator? Proccedings: IUFRO Kanazawa 2003 "Forest Insect Population Dynamics and Host Influences”, 16-18.
  • Wermelinger B (2004) Ecology and management of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus – a review of recent research. Forest Ecology and Management, 202, 67–82.
  • Weslien J, Regnander J (1992) The influence of natural enemies on brood production in Ips typographus (Col.:Scolytidae) with special reference to egg-laying and predation by Thanasimus formicarius (Col.:Cleridae). Entomophaga, 37(2): 333-342.
  • Wood DL (1982) The role of pheromones, kairomones, and allomones in the host selection and colonization behavior of bark beetles. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 27: 411 – 446.
  • Yüksel B, Alkan Ş (2003) Doğu Ladini Ormanladında Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae)’un Populasyon Dinamiğini Etkileyen Predatör ve Parazitleri, Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik Bülten No: 14, Trabzon, 27 s.
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hazan Alkan Akıncı 0000-0002-5618-289X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ekim 2022
Kabul Tarihi 24 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Alkan Akıncı, H. (2022). Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) feromon tuzaklarında tespit edilen hedef olmayan başlıca böcek türleri ve önemi. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(2), 198-208. https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.1192468
AMA Alkan Akıncı H. Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) feromon tuzaklarında tespit edilen hedef olmayan başlıca böcek türleri ve önemi. AÇÜOFD. Ekim 2022;23(2):198-208. doi:10.17474/artvinofd.1192468
Chicago Alkan Akıncı, Hazan. “Ips Typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Feromon tuzaklarında Tespit Edilen Hedef Olmayan başlıca böcek türleri Ve önemi”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 23, sy. 2 (Ekim 2022): 198-208. https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.1192468.
EndNote Alkan Akıncı H (01 Ekim 2022) Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) feromon tuzaklarında tespit edilen hedef olmayan başlıca böcek türleri ve önemi. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 23 2 198–208.
IEEE H. Alkan Akıncı, “Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) feromon tuzaklarında tespit edilen hedef olmayan başlıca böcek türleri ve önemi”, AÇÜOFD, c. 23, sy. 2, ss. 198–208, 2022, doi: 10.17474/artvinofd.1192468.
ISNAD Alkan Akıncı, Hazan. “Ips Typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Feromon tuzaklarında Tespit Edilen Hedef Olmayan başlıca böcek türleri Ve önemi”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 23/2 (Ekim 2022), 198-208. https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.1192468.
JAMA Alkan Akıncı H. Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) feromon tuzaklarında tespit edilen hedef olmayan başlıca böcek türleri ve önemi. AÇÜOFD. 2022;23:198–208.
MLA Alkan Akıncı, Hazan. “Ips Typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Feromon tuzaklarında Tespit Edilen Hedef Olmayan başlıca böcek türleri Ve önemi”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 23, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 198-0, doi:10.17474/artvinofd.1192468.
Vancouver Alkan Akıncı H. Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) feromon tuzaklarında tespit edilen hedef olmayan başlıca böcek türleri ve önemi. AÇÜOFD. 2022;23(2):198-20.
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