Öz
Bu çalışma Arthur Miller’ın Satıcının Ölümü eserini klasik trajedi anlayışıyla karşılaştırarak modern kapitalizmin birey üzerindeki etkisini siyasal teoloji perspektifinden ele almaktadır. Bu bakımdan, kapitalizmin, bireyin psişik dünyasını metanın suretinde yeniden inşa ederken bir din gibi işlediği fikrinden hareketle, Benjamin’in ‘mitsel şiddet’ kavramıyla kapitalizmin örtük şiddeti arasında bir paralellik kurmakta ve kapitalizmin kendi kendini doğal bir düzen gibi sunduğunu, ancak aslında sürekli olarak bireyleri ezen mitsel bir şiddet biçimi olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Bir din olarak kapitalizm metanın ikircikli niteliğini bizzat öznenin içerisine taşımak suretiyle işlemektedir. Bunu yaparken de öznenin zaten dil tarafından bölünmüşlüğü zemininden nasıl faydalandığı, Lacan’ın özne kavrayışının ve Agamben ile Bhabha’nın fetişe yönelik fikirlerinin ışığında açıklamaya çalışmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Agamben, G. (1993). Stanzas: Word and phantasm in Western culture. University of Minnesota Press.
- Agamben, G. (1998). Homo sacer: Sovereign power and bare life. Stanford University Press.
- Agamben, G. (2007). Profanations. Zone Books. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16t6n36
- Agamben, G. (2011). The kingdom and the glory: For a theological genealogy of economy and government. Stanford University Press.
- Arendt, H., & Canovan, M. (1998). The human condition. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226924571.001.0001
- Aristotle. (2013). Poetics (A. Kenny, Ed.). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199608362.book.1
- Baldick, C. (2008). The Oxford dictionary of literary terms. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780199208272.001.0001
- Benjamin, W. (2002a). Capitalism as religion. In C. Kord, M. Bullock, & M. W. Jennings (Eds.), Walter Benjamin: Selected writings, volume 1: 1913–1926 (5th ed., pp. 288–290). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
- Benjamin, W. (2002b). Critique of violence. In C. Kord, M. Bullock, & M. W. Jennings (Eds.), Walter Benjamin: Selected writings, volume 1: 1913–1926 (5th ed., pp. 236–252). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
- Bhabha, H. K. (2012). The location of culture. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203820551
- Bigsby, C. (1998). Introduction. In A. Miller, Death of a salesman (pp. vii–xxvii). Penguin Books.
- Bigsby, C. (2004). Arthur Miller: A critical study. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511607127
- Cuddon, J. A. (2012). A dictionary of literary terms and literary theory. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325988
- Eliade, M. (1991). Kutsal ve dindışı (M. A. Kılıçbay, Trans.). Gece Yayınları.
- Euripides. (1938). Heracles (E. P. Coleridge, Trans.). In W. Oates & E. O’Neill Jr. (Eds.), The complete Greek drama (Vol. 1, pp. 1017–1053). Random House.
- Evans, B., & Martel, J. (2020). Why we should all read Walter Benjamin today: Brad Evans in conversation with James Martel. Los Angeles Review of Books. https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/why-we-should-all-read-walter-benjamintoday-brad-evans-in-conver
- Garber, M. (2007). Shakespeare after all [Epub]. Anchor Books.
- Lacan, J. (2005). Écrits: The first complete edition in English (B. Fink, H. Fink, & R. Grigg, Trans.). W. W. Norton & Co.
- Marino, S. (2015). Review [Review of Death of a Salesman, by H. T. Jordan]. The Arthur Miller Journal, 10(2), 197–200. https://doi.org/10.5325/arthmillj.10.2.0197
- Martin, R. A. (1996). The nature of tragedy in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman. South Atlantic Review, 61(4), 97. https://doi.org/10.2307/3201170
- Marx, K. (1906). Capital: A critique of political economy (S. Moore & E. Aveling, Trans.). Random House. (Original work published 1867)
- Marx, K. (2025). The eighteenth brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/ch01.htm
- Miller, A. (1950). Death of a salesman: Certain private conversations in two acts and a requiem. https://teachers.stjohns.k12.fl.us/sepesi-a/files/2014/08/Death-of-a-Salesman-FullText.pdf
- Miller, A. (2015). Tragedy and the common man. Jewish Quarterly, 62(4), 62–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/0449010x.2015.1127574 (Original work published 1949)
- Murray, A. (2010). Giorgio Agamben. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203855737
- Shakespeare, W. (1984). The Oxford Shakespeare: Julius Caesar (A. Humphreys, Ed.) [Online edition]. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198129066.book.1
- Sophocles. (1938). Ajax (R. C. Trevelyan, Trans.). In W. Oates & E. O’Neill Jr. (Eds.), The complete Greek drama (Vol. 1, pp. 315–361). Random House.
- Sophocles. (2013). Oedipus the King (D. Grene, Trans.). In D. Grene & R. Lattimore (Eds.), Sophocles 1. The University of Chicago Press. https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/Οιδίπους_Τύραννος
- Turku, M. (2013). Death of a salesman, when tragedy meets the modern man. Journal of Literature and Art Studies, 3(4), 224–229. https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5836/2013.04.004
- Wilde, M. D. (2006). Violence in the state of exception: Reflections on theologico-political motifs in Benjamin and Schmitt. In H. de Vries & L. E. Sullivan (Eds.), Political theologies: Public religions in a post-secular world (pp. 188–200). Fordham University Press. https://doi.org/10.5422/fso/9780823226443.003.0008
- Wimsatt, W. K., & Brooks, C. (2021). Literary criticism: A short history. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003140931 (Original work published 1957)
Öz
This study, by comparing Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman with the classical comprehension of tragedy, examines the effects of modern capitalism on individual within the context of political theology. In this regard, considering the fact that capitalism functions as a religion in the process of re-constructing the psychic world of the individual, the text draws a parallel between Benjamin’s concept of the ‘mythical violence’ and the implicit violence of capitalism, and argues that despite capitalism asserts itself as a natural order it is indeed an endless form of mythical violence. Capitalism as a religion functions through transmitting the binary nature of the commodity into the very core of the subjects. To highlight how it exploits the foundational dividedness of human beings which is created by the language itself, I will appeal to Lacan’s theory of the subject, and the examinations on the fetishism and fetish by Giorgio Agamben and Homi Bhabha.
Anahtar Kelimeler
commodity tragedy mythical violence divided subject imaginary capitalism fetish
Kaynakça
- Agamben, G. (1993). Stanzas: Word and phantasm in Western culture. University of Minnesota Press.
- Agamben, G. (1998). Homo sacer: Sovereign power and bare life. Stanford University Press.
- Agamben, G. (2007). Profanations. Zone Books. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16t6n36
- Agamben, G. (2011). The kingdom and the glory: For a theological genealogy of economy and government. Stanford University Press.
- Arendt, H., & Canovan, M. (1998). The human condition. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226924571.001.0001
- Aristotle. (2013). Poetics (A. Kenny, Ed.). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199608362.book.1
- Baldick, C. (2008). The Oxford dictionary of literary terms. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780199208272.001.0001
- Benjamin, W. (2002a). Capitalism as religion. In C. Kord, M. Bullock, & M. W. Jennings (Eds.), Walter Benjamin: Selected writings, volume 1: 1913–1926 (5th ed., pp. 288–290). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
- Benjamin, W. (2002b). Critique of violence. In C. Kord, M. Bullock, & M. W. Jennings (Eds.), Walter Benjamin: Selected writings, volume 1: 1913–1926 (5th ed., pp. 236–252). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
- Bhabha, H. K. (2012). The location of culture. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203820551
- Bigsby, C. (1998). Introduction. In A. Miller, Death of a salesman (pp. vii–xxvii). Penguin Books.
- Bigsby, C. (2004). Arthur Miller: A critical study. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511607127
- Cuddon, J. A. (2012). A dictionary of literary terms and literary theory. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325988
- Eliade, M. (1991). Kutsal ve dindışı (M. A. Kılıçbay, Trans.). Gece Yayınları.
- Euripides. (1938). Heracles (E. P. Coleridge, Trans.). In W. Oates & E. O’Neill Jr. (Eds.), The complete Greek drama (Vol. 1, pp. 1017–1053). Random House.
- Evans, B., & Martel, J. (2020). Why we should all read Walter Benjamin today: Brad Evans in conversation with James Martel. Los Angeles Review of Books. https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/why-we-should-all-read-walter-benjamintoday-brad-evans-in-conver
- Garber, M. (2007). Shakespeare after all [Epub]. Anchor Books.
- Lacan, J. (2005). Écrits: The first complete edition in English (B. Fink, H. Fink, & R. Grigg, Trans.). W. W. Norton & Co.
- Marino, S. (2015). Review [Review of Death of a Salesman, by H. T. Jordan]. The Arthur Miller Journal, 10(2), 197–200. https://doi.org/10.5325/arthmillj.10.2.0197
- Martin, R. A. (1996). The nature of tragedy in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman. South Atlantic Review, 61(4), 97. https://doi.org/10.2307/3201170
- Marx, K. (1906). Capital: A critique of political economy (S. Moore & E. Aveling, Trans.). Random House. (Original work published 1867)
- Marx, K. (2025). The eighteenth brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/ch01.htm
- Miller, A. (1950). Death of a salesman: Certain private conversations in two acts and a requiem. https://teachers.stjohns.k12.fl.us/sepesi-a/files/2014/08/Death-of-a-Salesman-FullText.pdf
- Miller, A. (2015). Tragedy and the common man. Jewish Quarterly, 62(4), 62–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/0449010x.2015.1127574 (Original work published 1949)
- Murray, A. (2010). Giorgio Agamben. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203855737
- Shakespeare, W. (1984). The Oxford Shakespeare: Julius Caesar (A. Humphreys, Ed.) [Online edition]. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198129066.book.1
- Sophocles. (1938). Ajax (R. C. Trevelyan, Trans.). In W. Oates & E. O’Neill Jr. (Eds.), The complete Greek drama (Vol. 1, pp. 315–361). Random House.
- Sophocles. (2013). Oedipus the King (D. Grene, Trans.). In D. Grene & R. Lattimore (Eds.), Sophocles 1. The University of Chicago Press. https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/Οιδίπους_Τύραννος
- Turku, M. (2013). Death of a salesman, when tragedy meets the modern man. Journal of Literature and Art Studies, 3(4), 224–229. https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5836/2013.04.004
- Wilde, M. D. (2006). Violence in the state of exception: Reflections on theologico-political motifs in Benjamin and Schmitt. In H. de Vries & L. E. Sullivan (Eds.), Political theologies: Public religions in a post-secular world (pp. 188–200). Fordham University Press. https://doi.org/10.5422/fso/9780823226443.003.0008
- Wimsatt, W. K., & Brooks, C. (2021). Literary criticism: A short history. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003140931 (Original work published 1957)
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Siyasal Teori ve Siyaset Felsefesi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 11 Haziran 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 17 Haziran 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 12 Mart 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 24 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 80 Sayı: 2 |