Effects of Static Stretching on Quadriceps Peak Torque and Hip Range of Motion in Professional Soccer Players and Sedentary Subjects

Mehmet Çelebi

Araştırma Makalesi

Statik Germenin Profesyonel Futbolcularda ve Sedanterlerde Kuadriseps Pik Tork ve Kalça Hareket Açıklığı Üzerindeki Etkileri

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 69 Sayı: 3, 186 - 191, 21.12.2016

Mehmet Çelebi

Öz

Amaç: Statik germe uzun yıllardır sporcular tarafından egzersiz ve sportif faaliyetler öncesinde yaygın bir şekilde ya-pılmaktadır. Olası faydaları eklem yerlerinde hareket açıklığındaki artışlara ve/veya kas-tendon birim sertliğindeki azal-malara dayandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sedanterlerde ve profesyonel futbolcularda statik germenin 60 ve 300°·s−1 hızda konsantrik, izokinetik bacak ekstansiyon pik torku ve kalça hareket açıklığı üzerindeki etkilerini incele-mektir.

Yöntem: Bu çalışma Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde Haziran 2013 ve Ekim 2014 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya15 sedanter (21.5 ± 3.7 yaşlarında, vücüt kitlesi 72.6 ± 13.3 kg, boy 177.8 ± 6.6 cm) ve 15 futbolcu (18.7 ± 0.5
yaşlarında, vücut kitlesi 73.7 ± 4.7 kg, boy 181.6 ± 4.2 cm) olmak üzere 30 erkek denek gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Her iki grubun uyluk ekstansör kas kuvvetleri isokinetik dinamometre ile 60 ve 180 derece hızlarda ve kalça hereket açık-lıkları goniometre ile germe yapılmadan ve germe yapıldıktan sonra ölçülmüştür.

Sonuçlar: Germe öncesi ve sonrasında; hem futbolcularda, hem de sedanter deneklerde her iki izokinetik hızda kayda değer bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Ancak, her iki grupta da germe öncesi ile karşılaştırıldığında germe sonrası kalça ha-reket açıklığının arttığı (p < 0.05) görülmüştür.

Tartışma: Otuz saniyelik statik germenin kas performansını etkilemediği ancak esnekliği iyileştirdiği sonucuna ulaşıl-mıştır. Antrenörlere ısınmanın bir parçası olarak 30 saniyelik germe egzersizleri önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Statik Germe, Pik Tork, Futbolcu, Eklem Hareket Açıklığı

Etik Beyan

Destekleyen Kurum

Proje Numarası

Teşekkür

Kaynakça

1. Cramer JT, Housh TJ, Weir JP et al. The acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, mean power output, electromyography, and mechanomyography. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 33: 530–539.
2. Egan AD, Cramer JT, Massey LL et al. Acute effects of static stretching on peak torque and mean power output in national collegiate athletic association division I women’s basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 2006; 20: 778-782.
3. Samuel MN, Holcomb WR, Guadagnoli MA et al. Acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on measures of strength and power. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22: 1422–1428.
4. Winchester JB, Nelson AG, Landin D et al. Static stretching impairs sprint performance in collegiate track and field athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22: 13-18.
5. Pinto MD, Wilhelm EN, Tricoli V et al. Differential effects of 30- vs. 60-second static muscle stretching on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28: 3440–3446.
6. Rubini EC, Costa AL, Gomes PS . The effects of stretching on strength performance. Sports Med 2007; 37: 213-224.
7. Kallerud H, Gleeson N. Effects of stretching on performances involving stretch-shortening cycles. Sports Med 2013; 43: 733–750.
8. Nelson RT, Bandy WD. Eccentric Training and Static Stretching Improve Hamstring Flexibility of High School Males. J Athl Train 2004; 39: 254–258.
9. Jamtvedt G, Herbert RD, Flottorp S et al. A pragmatic randomized trial of stretching before and after physical activity to prevent injury and soreness. B J Sports Med 2010; 44: 1002-1009.
10. Kokkonen J, Nelson AG, Cornwell A. Acute Muscle Stretching Inhibits Maximal Strength Performance. Res Q Exerc Sport 1998; 69: 411-415.
11. Avela J, Finni T, Liikavainio T et al. Neural and mechanical responses of the triceps surae muscle group after 1 h of repeated fast passive stretches. J Appl Physiol 2004; 96: 2325-2332.
12. Fowles JR, Sale DG, MacDougall JD. Reduced strength after passive stretch of the human plantar flexors. J Appl Physiol 2000; 89: 1179–1188.
13. Power K, Behm D, Cahill F et al. An acute bout of static stretching: effects on force and jumping performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 36: 1389-1396.
14. Marek SM, Cramer JT, Fincher AL et al. Acute Effects of Static and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Muscle Strength and Power Output. J Athl Train 2005; 40: 94–103.
15. Nelson AG, Kokkonen J, Eldredge C. Strength Inhibition Following an Acute Stretch is not Limited to novice Stretchers. Res Q Exerc Sport 2005; 76: 500-506.
16. Evetovich TK, Cain RM, Hinnerichs KR et al. Interpreting normalized and non-normalized data after acute static stretching in athletes and nonathletes. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24: 1988-1994.
17. Young W, Elliott S. Acute effects of static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, and maximum voluntary contractions on explosive force production and jumping performance. Res Q Exerc Sport 2001; 72: 273–279.
18. Wong PL, Lau PW, Mao de W et al . Three days of static stretching within a warm-up does not affect repeated-sprint ability in youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25: 838-845.
19. Ogura Y, Miyahara Y, Naito H et al . Duration of static stretching influences muscle force production in hamstring muscles. J Strength Cond Res 2007; 21: 788-792.
20. Yamaguchi T, Ishii K. Effects of static stretching for 30 seconds and dynamic stretching on leg extension power. J Strength Cond Res 2005; 19: 677–683.
21. O'Connor DM, Crowe MJ, Spinks WL . Effects of static stretching on leg power during cycling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2006; 46: 52-56.
22. Behm DG, Bambury A, Cahill F, Power K. Effect of acute static stretching on force, balance, reaction time, and movement time. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 1397–1402.
23. Reiman M, Bastian S, Lehecka B et al. The acute effects of static stretching on leg torque production after a 30 second static stretch versus no stretch. Proceedings of the 4th Annual GRASP Symposium, Wichita State University, 2008.
24. Simic L, Sarabon N, Markovic G. Does pre-exercise static stretching inhibit maximal muscular performance? A meta-analytical review. Scan J Med Sci Sports 2013; 23: 131–148.
25. Kay AD, Blazevich AJ. Effect of acute static stretch on maximal muscle performance: A systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 44: 154–164.
26. Winke MR, Jones NB, Berger CG et al . Moderate static stretching and torque production of the knee flexors. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24: 706-710.
27. Biodex Pro Manual, Shirley, NY. Biodex Medical System, 1998.
28. Sekir U, Arabaci R, Akova B et al. Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on leg flexor and extensor isokinetic strength in elite women athletes. Scan J Med Sci Sports 2010; 20: 268–281.
29. Guissard N, Duchateau J, Hainaut K. Muscle stretching and motoneuron excitability. Eur J Appl Physiol 1988; 58: 47-52.
30. Magnusson SP, Aagaard P, Nielson JJ. Passive energy return after repeated stretches of the hamstring muscle- tendon unit. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 1160–1164.
31. Siatras T, Papadopoulos G, Mameletzi D et al. Static and dynamic acute stretching effect on gymnasts speed in vaulting. Ped Exerc Sci 2003; 15: 383–391.

Effects of Static Stretching on Quadriceps Peak Torque and Hip Range of Motion in Professional Soccer Players and Sedentary Subjects

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 69 Sayı: 3, 186 - 191, 21.12.2016

Mehmet Çelebi

Öz

Aim: Static stretching (SS) is commonly performed by athletes prior to exercise and athletic events for many years. Its possible benefits are based on increases in joint Range of Motion (ROM) and/or decreases in muscle-tendon unit stiffness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of static stretching on concentric, isokinetic leg extension peak torque (PT) at 60 and 300°·s−1 and hip range of motion (ROM) in sedentary people and professional soccer players.

Methods: This study was performed at Ankara University School of Medicine between June 2013 and October 2014. 30 male subjects; 15 sedentary subjects (aged 21.5 ± 3.7 years, body mass 72.6 ± 13.3 kg, height 177.8 ± 6.6 cm) and 15 soccer players (aged 18.7 ± 0.5 years, body mass 73.7 ± 4.7 kg, height 181.6 ± 4.2 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Thigh extensor muscle strength was measured by isokinetic dynamometer at speeds of 60 and 180 degrees and hip ROM was measured with goniometer in both groups with and without stretching.

Results: There were no significant differences pre- and post- stretching PT; both isokinetic velocities on the soccer players and sedentary subjects. However, ROM increased (p < 0.05) post-stretching compared with pre-stretching in both groups.

Conclusion: We concluded that 30 seconds SS can not affect muscular performance but improved flexibility. Thirty second stretching exercises as part of a warm-up to be proposed to the coaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Static Stretching, Peak Torque, Soccer Player, Range of Motion

Etik Beyan

Destekleyen Kurum

Proje Numarası

Teşekkür

Kaynakça

1. Cramer JT, Housh TJ, Weir JP et al. The acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, mean power output, electromyography, and mechanomyography. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 33: 530–539.
2. Egan AD, Cramer JT, Massey LL et al. Acute effects of static stretching on peak torque and mean power output in national collegiate athletic association division I women’s basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 2006; 20: 778-782.
3. Samuel MN, Holcomb WR, Guadagnoli MA et al. Acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on measures of strength and power. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22: 1422–1428.
4. Winchester JB, Nelson AG, Landin D et al. Static stretching impairs sprint performance in collegiate track and field athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22: 13-18.
5. Pinto MD, Wilhelm EN, Tricoli V et al. Differential effects of 30- vs. 60-second static muscle stretching on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28: 3440–3446.
6. Rubini EC, Costa AL, Gomes PS . The effects of stretching on strength performance. Sports Med 2007; 37: 213-224.
7. Kallerud H, Gleeson N. Effects of stretching on performances involving stretch-shortening cycles. Sports Med 2013; 43: 733–750.
8. Nelson RT, Bandy WD. Eccentric Training and Static Stretching Improve Hamstring Flexibility of High School Males. J Athl Train 2004; 39: 254–258.
9. Jamtvedt G, Herbert RD, Flottorp S et al. A pragmatic randomized trial of stretching before and after physical activity to prevent injury and soreness. B J Sports Med 2010; 44: 1002-1009.
10. Kokkonen J, Nelson AG, Cornwell A. Acute Muscle Stretching Inhibits Maximal Strength Performance. Res Q Exerc Sport 1998; 69: 411-415.
11. Avela J, Finni T, Liikavainio T et al. Neural and mechanical responses of the triceps surae muscle group after 1 h of repeated fast passive stretches. J Appl Physiol 2004; 96: 2325-2332.
12. Fowles JR, Sale DG, MacDougall JD. Reduced strength after passive stretch of the human plantar flexors. J Appl Physiol 2000; 89: 1179–1188.
13. Power K, Behm D, Cahill F et al. An acute bout of static stretching: effects on force and jumping performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 36: 1389-1396.
14. Marek SM, Cramer JT, Fincher AL et al. Acute Effects of Static and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Muscle Strength and Power Output. J Athl Train 2005; 40: 94–103.
15. Nelson AG, Kokkonen J, Eldredge C. Strength Inhibition Following an Acute Stretch is not Limited to novice Stretchers. Res Q Exerc Sport 2005; 76: 500-506.
16. Evetovich TK, Cain RM, Hinnerichs KR et al. Interpreting normalized and non-normalized data after acute static stretching in athletes and nonathletes. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24: 1988-1994.
17. Young W, Elliott S. Acute effects of static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, and maximum voluntary contractions on explosive force production and jumping performance. Res Q Exerc Sport 2001; 72: 273–279.
18. Wong PL, Lau PW, Mao de W et al . Three days of static stretching within a warm-up does not affect repeated-sprint ability in youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25: 838-845.
19. Ogura Y, Miyahara Y, Naito H et al . Duration of static stretching influences muscle force production in hamstring muscles. J Strength Cond Res 2007; 21: 788-792.
20. Yamaguchi T, Ishii K. Effects of static stretching for 30 seconds and dynamic stretching on leg extension power. J Strength Cond Res 2005; 19: 677–683.
21. O'Connor DM, Crowe MJ, Spinks WL . Effects of static stretching on leg power during cycling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2006; 46: 52-56.
22. Behm DG, Bambury A, Cahill F, Power K. Effect of acute static stretching on force, balance, reaction time, and movement time. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 1397–1402.
23. Reiman M, Bastian S, Lehecka B et al. The acute effects of static stretching on leg torque production after a 30 second static stretch versus no stretch. Proceedings of the 4th Annual GRASP Symposium, Wichita State University, 2008.
24. Simic L, Sarabon N, Markovic G. Does pre-exercise static stretching inhibit maximal muscular performance? A meta-analytical review. Scan J Med Sci Sports 2013; 23: 131–148.
25. Kay AD, Blazevich AJ. Effect of acute static stretch on maximal muscle performance: A systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 44: 154–164.
26. Winke MR, Jones NB, Berger CG et al . Moderate static stretching and torque production of the knee flexors. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24: 706-710.
27. Biodex Pro Manual, Shirley, NY. Biodex Medical System, 1998.
28. Sekir U, Arabaci R, Akova B et al. Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on leg flexor and extensor isokinetic strength in elite women athletes. Scan J Med Sci Sports 2010; 20: 268–281.
29. Guissard N, Duchateau J, Hainaut K. Muscle stretching and motoneuron excitability. Eur J Appl Physiol 1988; 58: 47-52.
30. Magnusson SP, Aagaard P, Nielson JJ. Passive energy return after repeated stretches of the hamstring muscle- tendon unit. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 1160–1164.
31. Siatras T, Papadopoulos G, Mameletzi D et al. Static and dynamic acute stretching effect on gymnasts speed in vaulting. Ped Exerc Sci 2003; 15: 383–391.

Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Mehmet Çelebi
Proje Numarası	-
Yayımlanma Tarihi	21 Aralık 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2016 Cilt: 69 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Çelebi, M. (2016). Effects of Static Stretching on Quadriceps Peak Torque and Hip Range of Motion in Professional Soccer Players and Sedentary Subjects. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 69(3), 186-191.
AMA	Çelebi M. Effects of Static Stretching on Quadriceps Peak Torque and Hip Range of Motion in Professional Soccer Players and Sedentary Subjects. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. Aralık 2016;69(3):186-191.
Chicago	Çelebi, Mehmet. “Effects of Static Stretching on Quadriceps Peak Torque and Hip Range of Motion in Professional Soccer Players and Sedentary Subjects”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 69, sy. 3 (Aralık 2016): 186-91.
EndNote	Çelebi M (01 Aralık 2016) Effects of Static Stretching on Quadriceps Peak Torque and Hip Range of Motion in Professional Soccer Players and Sedentary Subjects. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 69 3 186–191.
IEEE	M. Çelebi, “Effects of Static Stretching on Quadriceps Peak Torque and Hip Range of Motion in Professional Soccer Players and Sedentary Subjects”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, c. 69, sy. 3, ss. 186–191, 2016.
ISNAD	Çelebi, Mehmet. “Effects of Static Stretching on Quadriceps Peak Torque and Hip Range of Motion in Professional Soccer Players and Sedentary Subjects”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 69/3 (Aralık 2016), 186-191.
JAMA	Çelebi M. Effects of Static Stretching on Quadriceps Peak Torque and Hip Range of Motion in Professional Soccer Players and Sedentary Subjects. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2016;69:186–191.
MLA	Çelebi, Mehmet. “Effects of Static Stretching on Quadriceps Peak Torque and Hip Range of Motion in Professional Soccer Players and Sedentary Subjects”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, c. 69, sy. 3, 2016, ss. 186-91.
Vancouver	Çelebi M. Effects of Static Stretching on Quadriceps Peak Torque and Hip Range of Motion in Professional Soccer Players and Sedentary Subjects. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2016;69(3):186-91.

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