Naltrexone Implant Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Data
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 297 - 305, 30.09.2025
Necla Keskin
,
Funda Çiçek Ege
Öz
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic and clinical features and outcomes of patients with opioid use disorder who underwent subcutaneous naltrexone implantation.
Method: A total of 51 patients with opioid use disorder admitted to Alcohol and Drug Addiction Research, Treatment and Education Center (AMATEM) of Van Training and Research Hospital and treated with naltrexone implant (1000 mg/3 month) were evaluated retrospectively. A data form for demographic and clinical features was filled based on medical records.
Results: The mean age of patients was 28.27±7.35 years, age of onset for any drug was 18.69±4.91 and 20.48±4.48 years for opioids. The most used first drug was cannabis followed by heroin. Majority of patients used heroin by smoking and inhalation. The laboratory test results were found to be within normal range. One patient was seropositive for HCV with normal liver function tests. 58.8 % of patients admitted for follow-up at least once in three months and 83.3 % of them maintained to be drug-free as revealed by urine toxicology tests. Local adverse reactions were most reported side effects due to naltrexone implant.
Conclusion: Naltrexone implant seems to be an effective and safe treatment choice in opioid use disorder as it increases treatment adherence and rates of drug-free urine samples, and is related with few adverse effects.
Kaynakça
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed, (DSM 5) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
- Evren C. Alkol ve Madde Kullanım Bozuklukları Temel Başvuru Kitabı. Ankara: TPD Yayınları, 2023.
- WHO. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11). Geneva: WHO, 2022.
- UNODC. World Drug Report 2023. Vienna: United Nations Publication, 2023.
- Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü Narkotik Suçlarla Mücadele Daire Başkanlığı Türkiye Uyuşturucu Raporu. Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı, 2023.
- Dydyk AM, Jain NK, Gupta M. Opioid use disorder. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2024.
- Edinoff AN, Nix CA, Orellana CV, et al. Naltrexone implant for opioid use disorder. Neurol Int 2021; 14(1): 49-61.
- Singh D, Saadabadi A. Naltrexone. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024.
- Evren C, Kültegin Ö, Uluğ B. Alkol ve Madde Bağımlılığı - Tanı ve Tedavi El Kitabı. TPD yayınları, 2012.
- Hulse GK, Morris N, Arnold-Reed D, Tait RJ. Improving clinical outcomes in treating heroin dependence: randomized, controlled trial of oral or implant naltrexone. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66(10): 1108-1115.
- Coffa D, Snyder H. Opioid use disorder: medical treatment options. Am Fam Physician 2019; 100(7): 416-425.
- Comer SD, Sullivan MA, Hulse GK. Sustained-release naltrexone: novel treatment for opioid dependence. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16(8): 1285-1294.
- Krupitsky E, Zvartau E, Blokhina E, et al. Randomized trial of long-acting sustained-release naltrexone implant vs oral naltrexone or placebo for preventing relapse to opioid dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012; 69(9): 973-981.
- Hooker SA, Sherman MD, Lonergan-Cullum M, et al. What is success in treatment for opioid use disorder? Perspectives of physicians and patients in primary care settings. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 141: 108804.
- Villamil VI, Underwood N, Cremer LJ, et al. Barriers to retention in medications for opioid use disorder treatment in real-world practice. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2024; 160:209310.
- Hulse GK, Tait RJ, Comer SD et al. Reducing hospital presentations for opioid overdose in patients treated with sustained release naltrexone implants. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005; 79(3): 351-357.
- Lobmaier PP, Kunøe N, Gossop M, Waal H. Naltrexone depot formulations for opioid and alcohol dependence: a systematic review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2011; 17(6): 629-636.
- Krupitsky E, Zvartau E, Blokhina E, et al. Anhedonia, depression, anxiety, and craving in opiate dependent patients stabilized on oral naltrexone or an extended release naltrexone implant. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2016; 42(5): 614-620.
- Erdoğan A, Topcuoğlu M, Coşkun MN, et al. Comparison of naltrexone implant and oral buprenorphine-naloxone in the treatment of opiate use disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022; 37(2): e2813.
- Frost MC, Lampert H, Tsui JI, et al. The impact of methamphetamine/amphetamine use on receipt and outcomes of medications for opioid use disorder: a systematic review. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2021; 16(1): 62.
- Krupitskiĭ EM, Blokhina EA, Verbitskaia EV, et al. [Naltrexone implant treatment of polydrug dependence]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2014; 114(5): 39-45.
- Kulaksizoglu B, Kara H, Ozcelik O, Kuloğlu M. Opioid bagimliliginin tedavisinde naltrekson implant kullanimi: geriye donuk bir çalisma. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg 2019; 20(2): 133-138.
- Kırlı U, Nart Ö. Opioid kullanım bozukluğu sürdürüm tedavisinde naltrekson implant ile oral buprenorfin-nalokson kullanan hastaların tedaviyi yarıda bırakma risklerinin karşılaştırılması. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 2021; 24(3): 342-349.
Opioid Kullanım Bozukluğunda Naltrekson İmplant Tedavisi: Demografik ve Klinik Verilerin Analizi
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 297 - 305, 30.09.2025
Necla Keskin
,
Funda Çiçek Ege
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, subkutan naltrekson implant ile tedavi edilen opioid kullanım bozukluğu tanılı hastaların demografik ve klinik özellikleri ile hastalık seyrini değerlendirmektir.
Yöntem: Van Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Alkol ve Madde Bağımlılığı Araştırma, Tedavi ve Eğitim Merkezi'ne (AMATEM) başvuran ve naltrekson implant (1000 mg/3 ay) ile tedavi edilen toplam 51 opioid kullanım bozukluğu olan hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Demografik ve klinik veri formu tıbbi kayıtlar esas alınarak dolduruldu.
Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 28.27±7.35 yıl, herhangi bir maddeye ve opioidlere başlama yaşı sırasıyla 18.69±4.91 ve 20.48±4.48 yıldı. En sık kullanılan ilk madde esrar ve onu takiben eroindi. Hastaların çoğunluğu eroini çekme ve soluma yoluyla kullanıyordu. Laboratuvar test sonuçları normal aralıkta bulundu. HCV için seropozitif bir hastanın karaciğer fonksiyon testleri normaldi. Hastaların % 58.8'i üç ayda en az bir kez izlem amaçlı başvurdu ve bunların % 83.3'ünün idrar toksikoloji testlerinde idrarda madde metobolitine rastlanmadı. Naltrekson implant tedavisi ile en sık lokal yan etkiler bildirildi.
Sonuç: Tedavi uyumu ve madde negatif idrar testleri oranını arttıran ve az sayıda yan etkiyle ilişkilendirilen naltrekson implant opioid kullanım bozukluğunda etkin ve güvenilir bir tedavi seçeneği gibi görünmektedir.
Kaynakça
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed, (DSM 5) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
- Evren C. Alkol ve Madde Kullanım Bozuklukları Temel Başvuru Kitabı. Ankara: TPD Yayınları, 2023.
- WHO. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11). Geneva: WHO, 2022.
- UNODC. World Drug Report 2023. Vienna: United Nations Publication, 2023.
- Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü Narkotik Suçlarla Mücadele Daire Başkanlığı Türkiye Uyuşturucu Raporu. Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı, 2023.
- Dydyk AM, Jain NK, Gupta M. Opioid use disorder. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2024.
- Edinoff AN, Nix CA, Orellana CV, et al. Naltrexone implant for opioid use disorder. Neurol Int 2021; 14(1): 49-61.
- Singh D, Saadabadi A. Naltrexone. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024.
- Evren C, Kültegin Ö, Uluğ B. Alkol ve Madde Bağımlılığı - Tanı ve Tedavi El Kitabı. TPD yayınları, 2012.
- Hulse GK, Morris N, Arnold-Reed D, Tait RJ. Improving clinical outcomes in treating heroin dependence: randomized, controlled trial of oral or implant naltrexone. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66(10): 1108-1115.
- Coffa D, Snyder H. Opioid use disorder: medical treatment options. Am Fam Physician 2019; 100(7): 416-425.
- Comer SD, Sullivan MA, Hulse GK. Sustained-release naltrexone: novel treatment for opioid dependence. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16(8): 1285-1294.
- Krupitsky E, Zvartau E, Blokhina E, et al. Randomized trial of long-acting sustained-release naltrexone implant vs oral naltrexone or placebo for preventing relapse to opioid dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012; 69(9): 973-981.
- Hooker SA, Sherman MD, Lonergan-Cullum M, et al. What is success in treatment for opioid use disorder? Perspectives of physicians and patients in primary care settings. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 141: 108804.
- Villamil VI, Underwood N, Cremer LJ, et al. Barriers to retention in medications for opioid use disorder treatment in real-world practice. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2024; 160:209310.
- Hulse GK, Tait RJ, Comer SD et al. Reducing hospital presentations for opioid overdose in patients treated with sustained release naltrexone implants. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005; 79(3): 351-357.
- Lobmaier PP, Kunøe N, Gossop M, Waal H. Naltrexone depot formulations for opioid and alcohol dependence: a systematic review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2011; 17(6): 629-636.
- Krupitsky E, Zvartau E, Blokhina E, et al. Anhedonia, depression, anxiety, and craving in opiate dependent patients stabilized on oral naltrexone or an extended release naltrexone implant. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2016; 42(5): 614-620.
- Erdoğan A, Topcuoğlu M, Coşkun MN, et al. Comparison of naltrexone implant and oral buprenorphine-naloxone in the treatment of opiate use disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022; 37(2): e2813.
- Frost MC, Lampert H, Tsui JI, et al. The impact of methamphetamine/amphetamine use on receipt and outcomes of medications for opioid use disorder: a systematic review. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2021; 16(1): 62.
- Krupitskiĭ EM, Blokhina EA, Verbitskaia EV, et al. [Naltrexone implant treatment of polydrug dependence]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2014; 114(5): 39-45.
- Kulaksizoglu B, Kara H, Ozcelik O, Kuloğlu M. Opioid bagimliliginin tedavisinde naltrekson implant kullanimi: geriye donuk bir çalisma. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg 2019; 20(2): 133-138.
- Kırlı U, Nart Ö. Opioid kullanım bozukluğu sürdürüm tedavisinde naltrekson implant ile oral buprenorfin-nalokson kullanan hastaların tedaviyi yarıda bırakma risklerinin karşılaştırılması. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 2021; 24(3): 342-349.