Kuru ve taze Arum maculatum bitkisinden elde edilen dekoksiyon ve etanol ekstrelerinin fenolik içerik analizi ve antioksidan aktivitesi
Öz
Arum maculatum L., Araceae familyasına ait, Avrupa, Batı-Asya ve Kuzey Afrika’da doğal yayılış gösteren, toksik özelliklerine rağmen geleneksel tıpta yaygın olarak kullanılan çok yıllık otsu bir bitkidir. Türkiye’de halk arasında hemoroid, karaciğer rahatsızlıkları ve sindirim sistemi sorunlarının tedavisinde tercih edilmekte; yaprakları sebze olarak tüketilmektedir. Yapılan literatür araştırmamızda, A. maculatum’un özellikle yenilebilir formlarındaki fenolik içerik ve antioksidan potansiyeline yönelik kantitatif çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle mevcut çalışmada, A. maculatum’un Samsun yöresinde geleneksel olarak gıda şeklinde kullanılan taze ve kuru herbadan elde edilen etanol:su ve dekoksiyon ekstrelerinin in vitro antioksidan aktiviteleri ile fenolik bileşik profilleri kantitatif olarak incelenmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite DPPH• ve CUPRAC yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmiş; en yüksek DPPH• radikal giderme aktivite ve CUPRAC indirgeme gücü, kuru bitki etanol:su ekstresinde (E1) sırasıyla %34,5 ve 0,27 mmol TE/g olarak saptanmıştır. HPLC analizleriyle gallik asit, klorojenik asit ve kuersetin tüm ekstrelerde tespit edilmiş; apigenin-7-O-glukozit yalnızca E1’de bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular, fenolik bileşik miktarı ve çeşitliliğinin, ekstraksiyon yöntemine ve bitki materyalinin işlenme durumuna bağlı olarak değiştiğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen veriler, A. maculatum’un fenolik içeriği zengin doğal bir antioksidan kaynağı olabileceğini ve geleneksel kullanımlarını bilimsel olarak desteklediğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Arum maculatum dekoksiyon etanol:su ekstre antioksidan aktivite HPLC fenolik bileşik
Kaynakça
- Abbasi, N., Karkondi, V. R., Asadollahi, K., Tahmasebi, M., Ghobad, A., Taherikalani, M., & Parisa, A. (2014). Analgesic effects of Arum maculatum plant extract in rats compared to other routine analgesics. J Med Plants Res, 8(31), 1025-1030.
- Abu-Darwish, M. S., & Efferth, T. (2018). Medicinal plants from near east for cancer therapy. Frontiers in pharmacology, 9, 56.
- Atalay, T., & Yıldız, K. (2020). Arum maculatum (yılan yastığı) bitkisi ve antiparaziter özellikleri. Veteriner Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Derneği Bülteni, 11(3), 126-133.
- Ataseven, S., Misirli, D., Uzar, F., Türkan, N. N., & Elmastaş, M. (2021). Determination of phenolic compound composition of water and ethanol extracts of horsetail (Equisetum arvense). Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine, 2(2), 3-9.
- Balasundram, N., Sundram, K., & Samman, S. (2006). Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chemistry, 99(1), 191–203.
- Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., & Berset, C. L. W. T. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT Food Science and Technology, 28(1), 25–30.
- Çolak, F., Savaroğlu, F., & İlhan, S. (2009). Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Arum maculatum L. leaves extracts. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 3(3), 13-16.
- Dai, J., & Mumper, R. J. (2010). Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules, 15(10), 7313-7352.
- Dogan, Y., Baslar, S., Ay, G., & Mert, H. H. (2004). The use of wild edible plants in western and central Anatolia (Turkey). Economic botany, 58(4), 684-690.
- El-Hilaly, J., Hmammouchi, M., & Lyoussi, B. (2003). Ethnobotanical studies and economic evaluation of medicinal plants in Taounate province (Northern Morocco). Journal of ethnopharmacology, 86(2-3), 149–158.
- Erbil, N., Arslan, M., & Murathan, Z. T. (2018). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic effects and biochemical contents of Arum maculatum L. That is a medical plant from turkish flora. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 12, 8709-8714.
- Gras, A., Garnatje, T., Ibanez, N., Lopez-Pujol, J., Nualart, N., & Valles, J. (2017). Medicinal plant uses and names from the herbarium of Francesc Bolòs (1773–1844). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 204, 142-168.
- Kochmarov, V., Kozuharova, E., Naychov, Z., Momekov, G., & Mincheva, I. (2015). Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology of Arum maculatum L.(Araceae) in Bulgaria with an emphasis on its effect against haemorrhoids. Int J Pharm Chem Biol Sci, 5(2), 394-402.
- Kozuharova, E., Naychov, Z., Kochmarov, V., Benbassat, N., Gibernau, M., & Momekov, G. (2020). The potential of Arum spp. as a cure for hemorrhoids: chemistry, bioactivities, and application. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 20(2), 133-141.
- Manach, C., Scalbert, A., Morand, C., Rémésy, C., & Jiménez, L. (2004). Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79(5), 727–747.
- Molyneux, P. (2004). The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science Technology, 26(2), 211-219.
- Nabeel, M., Abderrahman, S., & Papini, A. (2008). Cytogenetic effect of Arum maculatum extract on the bone marrow cells of mice. Caryologia, 61(4), 383-387.
- Özyürek, M., Güçlü, K., Tütem, E., Başkan, K. S., Erçağ, E., Çelik, S. E., Baki, S., Yildiz, L., Karaman, S., & Apak, R. (2011). A comprehensive review of CUPRAC methodology. Analytical methods, 3(11), 2439-2453.
- Rice-Evans, C., Miller, N., & Paganga, G. (1996). Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 20(7), 933–956.
- Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. In Methods in enzymology, 299, 152-178. Academic press.
- Sowter, F. A. (1949). Arum Maculatum L. Journal of Ecology, 37(1), 207-219.
- Tamilselvan, N., Thirumalai, T., Shyamala, P., & David, E. (2014). A review on some poisonous plants and their medicinal values. Journal of Acute Disease, 3(2), 85-89.
- Tetik, F., Civelek, S., & Cakilcioglu, U. (2013). Traditional uses of some medicinal plants in Malatya (Turkey). Journal of ethnopharmacology, 146(1), 331-346.
- Wojdyło, A., Oszmiański, J., & Czemerys, R. (2007). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chemistry, 105(3), 940–949.
Phenolic content analysis and antioxidant activity of decoction and ethanolic extracts obtained from dried and fresh Arum maculatum
Öz
Arum maculatum L., a member of the Araceae family, is a perennial herbaceous plant naturally distributed in Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. Despite its toxic properties, it has been widely used in traditional medicine for haemorrhoids, liver disorders, and digestive system ailments. In Türkiye, its leaves are also consumed as a vegetable. According to our literature review, quantitative studies focusing on the phenolic content and antioxidant potential of Arum maculatum, particularly in its edible forms, are limited. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity and quantitatively phenolic compound profile of decoction and ethanolic extracts obtained from the fresh and dried aerial parts of A. maculatum, traditionally used in the Samsun region. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH• and CUPRAC assays. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and CUPRAC reducing power were observed in the ethanolic extract of the dried plant (E1), with values of 34.5% and 0.27 mmol TE/g extract, respectively. HPLC analyses revealed that gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin were present in all extracts, while apigenin-7-O-glucoside was detected exclusively in E1. The findings indicate that both the quantity and diversity of phenolic compounds vary depending on the extraction method and plant material processing. These results suggest that A. maculatum may serve as a rich natural source of antioxidants and provide scientific support for its traditional medicinal uses.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Arum maculatum decoction ethanolic extract antioxidant activity HPLC phenolic compound
Kaynakça
- Abbasi, N., Karkondi, V. R., Asadollahi, K., Tahmasebi, M., Ghobad, A., Taherikalani, M., & Parisa, A. (2014). Analgesic effects of Arum maculatum plant extract in rats compared to other routine analgesics. J Med Plants Res, 8(31), 1025-1030.
- Abu-Darwish, M. S., & Efferth, T. (2018). Medicinal plants from near east for cancer therapy. Frontiers in pharmacology, 9, 56.
- Atalay, T., & Yıldız, K. (2020). Arum maculatum (yılan yastığı) bitkisi ve antiparaziter özellikleri. Veteriner Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Derneği Bülteni, 11(3), 126-133.
- Ataseven, S., Misirli, D., Uzar, F., Türkan, N. N., & Elmastaş, M. (2021). Determination of phenolic compound composition of water and ethanol extracts of horsetail (Equisetum arvense). Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine, 2(2), 3-9.
- Balasundram, N., Sundram, K., & Samman, S. (2006). Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chemistry, 99(1), 191–203.
- Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., & Berset, C. L. W. T. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT Food Science and Technology, 28(1), 25–30.
- Çolak, F., Savaroğlu, F., & İlhan, S. (2009). Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Arum maculatum L. leaves extracts. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 3(3), 13-16.
- Dai, J., & Mumper, R. J. (2010). Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules, 15(10), 7313-7352.
- Dogan, Y., Baslar, S., Ay, G., & Mert, H. H. (2004). The use of wild edible plants in western and central Anatolia (Turkey). Economic botany, 58(4), 684-690.
- El-Hilaly, J., Hmammouchi, M., & Lyoussi, B. (2003). Ethnobotanical studies and economic evaluation of medicinal plants in Taounate province (Northern Morocco). Journal of ethnopharmacology, 86(2-3), 149–158.
- Erbil, N., Arslan, M., & Murathan, Z. T. (2018). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic effects and biochemical contents of Arum maculatum L. That is a medical plant from turkish flora. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 12, 8709-8714.
- Gras, A., Garnatje, T., Ibanez, N., Lopez-Pujol, J., Nualart, N., & Valles, J. (2017). Medicinal plant uses and names from the herbarium of Francesc Bolòs (1773–1844). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 204, 142-168.
- Kochmarov, V., Kozuharova, E., Naychov, Z., Momekov, G., & Mincheva, I. (2015). Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology of Arum maculatum L.(Araceae) in Bulgaria with an emphasis on its effect against haemorrhoids. Int J Pharm Chem Biol Sci, 5(2), 394-402.
- Kozuharova, E., Naychov, Z., Kochmarov, V., Benbassat, N., Gibernau, M., & Momekov, G. (2020). The potential of Arum spp. as a cure for hemorrhoids: chemistry, bioactivities, and application. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 20(2), 133-141.
- Manach, C., Scalbert, A., Morand, C., Rémésy, C., & Jiménez, L. (2004). Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79(5), 727–747.
- Molyneux, P. (2004). The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science Technology, 26(2), 211-219.
- Nabeel, M., Abderrahman, S., & Papini, A. (2008). Cytogenetic effect of Arum maculatum extract on the bone marrow cells of mice. Caryologia, 61(4), 383-387.
- Özyürek, M., Güçlü, K., Tütem, E., Başkan, K. S., Erçağ, E., Çelik, S. E., Baki, S., Yildiz, L., Karaman, S., & Apak, R. (2011). A comprehensive review of CUPRAC methodology. Analytical methods, 3(11), 2439-2453.
- Rice-Evans, C., Miller, N., & Paganga, G. (1996). Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 20(7), 933–956.
- Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. In Methods in enzymology, 299, 152-178. Academic press.
- Sowter, F. A. (1949). Arum Maculatum L. Journal of Ecology, 37(1), 207-219.
- Tamilselvan, N., Thirumalai, T., Shyamala, P., & David, E. (2014). A review on some poisonous plants and their medicinal values. Journal of Acute Disease, 3(2), 85-89.
- Tetik, F., Civelek, S., & Cakilcioglu, U. (2013). Traditional uses of some medicinal plants in Malatya (Turkey). Journal of ethnopharmacology, 146(1), 331-346.
- Wojdyło, A., Oszmiański, J., & Czemerys, R. (2007). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chemistry, 105(3), 940–949.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Bitki Biyokimyası, Geleneksel Çin Tıbbı ve Tedavileri, Halk Sağlığı (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 20 Nisan 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 26 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 |
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