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Yenilenebilir enerji, ekonomik büyüme ve karbon emisyonu ilişkisi: seçilmiş ülkeler için panel veri analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 53, 215 - 227, 12.06.2025

Çağatay Tunçsiper

https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1555639

Öz

Tüm dünyada üretim faaliyetleri yüksek ölçüde geleneksel enerji kaynaklarına bağlı olarak devam etmektedir. Geleneksel enerji kaynaklarının yoğun kullanımı atmosferde bulunan karbondioksit ve diğer sera gazlarının miktarını önemli ölçüde artırmaktadır. Bu durum, Dünya ortalama sıcaklığının artmasına ve iklim değişimine neden olmaktadır. Enerji üretiminde geleneksel kaynakların yenilenebilir enerji ile ikamesi, karbon emisyonlarının azaltılması ve çevresel tahribatın önlenmesi açısından başta gelen eylemler arasındadır. Çalışmada yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyümenin karbon emisyonlarına olan etkisi, yenilenebilir enerji kurulu kapasitesi en yüksek 10 ülke (ABD, Almanya, Brezilya, Çin, Fransa Hindistan, İtalya, İspanya, Japonya, Kanada) için 2000-2020 dönemi kapsamında Prais-Winsten regresyon yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyümenin karbon emisyonlarına olan etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin karbon emisyonlarına etkisi ters yönlü, ekonomik büyümenin karbon emisyonlarına olan etkisi ise aynı yönlü bulunmuştur. Bulgulardan hareketle sonuç bölümünde, üretim sürecinde kullanımının çevresel tahribatı azaltması nedeniyle yenilenebilir enerjiye yönelik politikaların önemi vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yenilenebilir enerji karbon emisyonu ekonomik büyüme çevresel sürdürülebilirlik

Kaynakça

  • Adekoya, O. B., Olabode, J. K., & Rafi, S. K. (2021). Renewable energy consumption, carbon emissions and human development: Empirical comparison of the trajectories of world regions. Renewable Energy, 179, 1836-1848.
  • Alper, F. (2018). Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: 1990-2017 Türkiye Örneği. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 223-242. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.466782
  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2015). Renewable Energy, Output, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Oil Prices: Evidence from South America. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 10(3), 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2013.853713
  • Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Ibáñez-Luzón, L., Usman, M., & Shahbaz, M. (2022). The environmental Kuznets curve, based on the economic complexity, and the pollution haven hypothesis in PIIGS countries. Renewable Energy, 185, 1441-1455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.10.059
  • Batmaz, T., Bayraç, H. N., & Güllü, M. (2019). Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Büyüme ve Karbon Emisyonu İlişkisi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 645-658.
  • Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S. R., Ozturk, I., & Bhattacharya, S. (2016). The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries. Applied Energy, 162, 733-741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.104
  • Bölük, G., & Mert, M. (2015). The renewable energy, growth and environmental Kuznets curve in Turkey: An ARDL approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 587-595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.138
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297111
  • Brown, M. B., & Forsythe, A. B. (1974). Robust Tests for the Equality of Variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346), 364-367.
  • Danish, & Ulucak, R. (2021). Renewable energy, technological innovation and the environment: A novel dynamic auto-regressive distributive lag simulation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 150, 111433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111433
  • Dertli, G., & Yinaç, P. (2018). Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Karbondioksit Emisyonu, Enerji İThalatı ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Türkiye Örneği. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(2), 593-605.
  • Dilanchiev, A., Umair, M., & Haroon, M. (2024). How causality impacts the renewable energy, carbon emissions, and economic growth nexus in the South Caucasus Countries? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(22), 33069-33085. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33430-7
  • Guliyev, H., & Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2023). The relationship between renewable energy and economic growth in European countries: Evidence from panel data model with sharp and smooth changes. Renewable Energy Focus, 46, 185-196.
  • IRENA. (2024). Renewable capacity statistics 2024. International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.
  • Isik, C., Ongan, S., Ozdemir, D., Ahmad, M., Irfan, M., Alvarado, R., & Ongan, A. (2021). The increases and decreases of the environment Kuznets curve (EKC) for 8 OECD countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(22), 28535-28543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12637-y
  • Kahia, M., Ben Jebli, M., & Belloumi, M. (2019). Analysis of the impact of renewable energy consumption and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in 12 MENA countries. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 21(4), 871-885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01676-2
  • Kais, S., & Sami, H. (2016). An econometric study of the impact of economic growth and energy use on carbon emissions: Panel data evidence from fifty eight countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 59, 1101-1110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.054
  • Kavaz, İ., & Kaya, B. (2023). Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Ekonomik Büyüme ve CO2 Emisyonu Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. İşletme Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 219-243. https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.1313504
  • Keyifli, N., & Recepoğlu, M. (2020). Sağlık Harcamaları, CO2 Emisyonu, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Bootstrap Panel Nedensellik Testinden Kanıtlar. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(20), 285-305. Khan, H., Weili, L., Khan, I., & Zhang, J. (2022). The nexus between natural resources, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emission in BRI countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(13), 36692-36709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24193-0
  • Khan, M. K., Khan, M. I., & Rehan, M. (2020). The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan. Financial Innovation, 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-019-0162-0
  • Lean, H. H., & Smyth, R. (2010). CO2 emissions, electricity consumption and output in ASEAN. Applied Energy, 87(6), 1858-1864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.02.003
  • Levene, H. (1960). Robust tests for equality of variances. Contributions to probability and statistics, 278-292.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C. F., & Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and ÿnite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics.
  • Long, X., Naminse, E. Y., Du, J., & Zhuang, J. (2015). Nonrenewable energy, renewable energy, carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth in China from 1952 to 2012. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 680-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.176
  • Lu, W. C. (2017). Renewable energy, carbon emissions, and economic growth in 24 Asian countries: Evidence from panel cointegration analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(33), 26006-26015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0259-9
  • Murshed, M., Saboori, B., Madaleno, M., Wang, H., & Doğan, B. (2022). Exploring the nexuses between nuclear energy, renewable energy, and carbon dioxide emissions: The role of economic complexity in the G7 countries. Renewable Energy, 190, 664-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.121
  • Ntanos, S., Skordoulis, M., Kyriakopoulos, G., Arabatzis, G., Chalikias, M., Galatsidas, S., Batzios, A., & Katsarou, A. (2018). Renewable Energy and Economic Growth: Evidence from European Countries. Sustainability, 10(8), 2626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082626
  • Okumuş, İ. (2019). Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Tarım ve CO2 Emisyonu İlişkisi. Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 6(1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.659092
  • Özdemir, B. K., & Koç, K. (2020). Türkiye’de Karbon Emisyonları, Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(1), 66-86. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.665191
  • Özpolat, A., & Nakipoğlu Özsoy, F. (2021). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Çevresel Bozulmayı Azaltıyor Mu? Türkiye Örneği. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 13(24), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.794600
  • Özşahi̇n, Ş., Mucuk, M., & Gerçeker, M. (2016). Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: BRICS-T Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel ARDL Analizi. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(4), 111-130.
  • Pao, H.-T., & Fu, H.-C. (2013). Renewable energy, non-renewable energy and economic growth in Brazil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 381-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.004
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge Working Papers, 1240(1).
  • Sadorsky, P. (2009). Renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and oil prices in the G7 countries. Energy Economics, 31(3), 456-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2008.12.010
  • Saidi, K., & Omri, A. (2020). The impact of renewable energy on carbon emissions and economic growth in 15 major renewable energy-consuming countries. Environmental Research, 186, 109567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109567
  • Sinha, A., & Shahbaz, M. (2018). Estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 emission: Role of renewable energy generation in India. Renewable Energy, 119, 703-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.058
  • Şimşek, T., & Yiğit, E. (2017). BRICT Ülkelerinde Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Petrol Fiyatları, CO2 Emisyonu, Kentleşme ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Nedensellik Analizi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12(3), 117-136. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.335630
  • Taylor, M. P., & Sarno, L. (1998). The behavior of real exchange rates during the post-Bretton Woods period. Journal of International Economics, 46(2), 281-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(97)00054-8
  • United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2023). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition. United Nations. https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210024914
  • Yao, S., Zhang, S., & Zhang, X. (2019). Renewable energy, carbon emission and economic growth: A revised environmental Kuznets Curve perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 235, 1338-1352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.069
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2020a). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi (Genişletilmiş 5.Baskı). Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2020b). Panel Zaman Serileri Analizi-Stata Uygulamalı (3. Baskı).
  • Zhang, C., & Zhao, W. (2014). Panel estimation for income inequality and CO2 emissions: A regional analysis in China. Applied Energy, 136, 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.09.048

Renewable Energy, Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions: Panel Data Analysis for Selected Countries

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 53, 215 - 227, 12.06.2025

Çağatay Tunçsiper

https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1555639

Öz

Production activities all over the world are highly dependent on traditional energy sources. The quantity of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is greatly increased by the extensive use of conventional energy sources. Climate change and an increase in the planet's average temperature result from this. Substitution of traditional sources of energy production with renewable energy is among the leading actions in terms of reducing carbon emissions and preventing environmental damage. The study examines the relationship between economic growth and renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions for the ten countries with the biggest installed capacity of renewable energy (USA, Germany, Brazil, China, France, India, Italy, Spain, Japan, Canada) between 2000 and 2020 using the Prais-Winsten regression approach. According to the results, the effect of renewable energy consumption and economic growth on carbon emissions is statistically significant. The effect of renewable energy consumption on carbon emissions is found to be inverse, while the effect of economic growth on carbon emissions is found to be the same. Based on the findings, the conclusion section emphasizes the importance of policies towards renewable energy as its use in the production process reduces environmental damage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Renewable energy carbon emissions economic growth environmental sustainability

Kaynakça

  • Adekoya, O. B., Olabode, J. K., & Rafi, S. K. (2021). Renewable energy consumption, carbon emissions and human development: Empirical comparison of the trajectories of world regions. Renewable Energy, 179, 1836-1848.
  • Alper, F. (2018). Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: 1990-2017 Türkiye Örneği. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 223-242. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.466782
  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2015). Renewable Energy, Output, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Oil Prices: Evidence from South America. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 10(3), 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2013.853713
  • Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Ibáñez-Luzón, L., Usman, M., & Shahbaz, M. (2022). The environmental Kuznets curve, based on the economic complexity, and the pollution haven hypothesis in PIIGS countries. Renewable Energy, 185, 1441-1455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.10.059
  • Batmaz, T., Bayraç, H. N., & Güllü, M. (2019). Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Büyüme ve Karbon Emisyonu İlişkisi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 645-658.
  • Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S. R., Ozturk, I., & Bhattacharya, S. (2016). The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries. Applied Energy, 162, 733-741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.104
  • Bölük, G., & Mert, M. (2015). The renewable energy, growth and environmental Kuznets curve in Turkey: An ARDL approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 587-595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.138
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297111
  • Brown, M. B., & Forsythe, A. B. (1974). Robust Tests for the Equality of Variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346), 364-367.
  • Danish, & Ulucak, R. (2021). Renewable energy, technological innovation and the environment: A novel dynamic auto-regressive distributive lag simulation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 150, 111433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111433
  • Dertli, G., & Yinaç, P. (2018). Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Karbondioksit Emisyonu, Enerji İThalatı ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Türkiye Örneği. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(2), 593-605.
  • Dilanchiev, A., Umair, M., & Haroon, M. (2024). How causality impacts the renewable energy, carbon emissions, and economic growth nexus in the South Caucasus Countries? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(22), 33069-33085. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33430-7
  • Guliyev, H., & Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2023). The relationship between renewable energy and economic growth in European countries: Evidence from panel data model with sharp and smooth changes. Renewable Energy Focus, 46, 185-196.
  • IRENA. (2024). Renewable capacity statistics 2024. International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.
  • Isik, C., Ongan, S., Ozdemir, D., Ahmad, M., Irfan, M., Alvarado, R., & Ongan, A. (2021). The increases and decreases of the environment Kuznets curve (EKC) for 8 OECD countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(22), 28535-28543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12637-y
  • Kahia, M., Ben Jebli, M., & Belloumi, M. (2019). Analysis of the impact of renewable energy consumption and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in 12 MENA countries. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 21(4), 871-885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01676-2
  • Kais, S., & Sami, H. (2016). An econometric study of the impact of economic growth and energy use on carbon emissions: Panel data evidence from fifty eight countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 59, 1101-1110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.054
  • Kavaz, İ., & Kaya, B. (2023). Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Ekonomik Büyüme ve CO2 Emisyonu Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. İşletme Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 219-243. https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.1313504
  • Keyifli, N., & Recepoğlu, M. (2020). Sağlık Harcamaları, CO2 Emisyonu, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Bootstrap Panel Nedensellik Testinden Kanıtlar. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(20), 285-305. Khan, H., Weili, L., Khan, I., & Zhang, J. (2022). The nexus between natural resources, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emission in BRI countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(13), 36692-36709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24193-0
  • Khan, M. K., Khan, M. I., & Rehan, M. (2020). The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan. Financial Innovation, 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-019-0162-0
  • Lean, H. H., & Smyth, R. (2010). CO2 emissions, electricity consumption and output in ASEAN. Applied Energy, 87(6), 1858-1864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.02.003
  • Levene, H. (1960). Robust tests for equality of variances. Contributions to probability and statistics, 278-292.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C. F., & Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and ÿnite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics.
  • Long, X., Naminse, E. Y., Du, J., & Zhuang, J. (2015). Nonrenewable energy, renewable energy, carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth in China from 1952 to 2012. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 680-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.176
  • Lu, W. C. (2017). Renewable energy, carbon emissions, and economic growth in 24 Asian countries: Evidence from panel cointegration analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(33), 26006-26015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0259-9
  • Murshed, M., Saboori, B., Madaleno, M., Wang, H., & Doğan, B. (2022). Exploring the nexuses between nuclear energy, renewable energy, and carbon dioxide emissions: The role of economic complexity in the G7 countries. Renewable Energy, 190, 664-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.121
  • Ntanos, S., Skordoulis, M., Kyriakopoulos, G., Arabatzis, G., Chalikias, M., Galatsidas, S., Batzios, A., & Katsarou, A. (2018). Renewable Energy and Economic Growth: Evidence from European Countries. Sustainability, 10(8), 2626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082626
  • Okumuş, İ. (2019). Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Tarım ve CO2 Emisyonu İlişkisi. Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 6(1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.659092
  • Özdemir, B. K., & Koç, K. (2020). Türkiye’de Karbon Emisyonları, Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(1), 66-86. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.665191
  • Özpolat, A., & Nakipoğlu Özsoy, F. (2021). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Çevresel Bozulmayı Azaltıyor Mu? Türkiye Örneği. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 13(24), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.794600
  • Özşahi̇n, Ş., Mucuk, M., & Gerçeker, M. (2016). Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: BRICS-T Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel ARDL Analizi. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(4), 111-130.
  • Pao, H.-T., & Fu, H.-C. (2013). Renewable energy, non-renewable energy and economic growth in Brazil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 381-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.004
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge Working Papers, 1240(1).
  • Sadorsky, P. (2009). Renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and oil prices in the G7 countries. Energy Economics, 31(3), 456-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2008.12.010
  • Saidi, K., & Omri, A. (2020). The impact of renewable energy on carbon emissions and economic growth in 15 major renewable energy-consuming countries. Environmental Research, 186, 109567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109567
  • Sinha, A., & Shahbaz, M. (2018). Estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 emission: Role of renewable energy generation in India. Renewable Energy, 119, 703-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.058
  • Şimşek, T., & Yiğit, E. (2017). BRICT Ülkelerinde Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Petrol Fiyatları, CO2 Emisyonu, Kentleşme ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Nedensellik Analizi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12(3), 117-136. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.335630
  • Taylor, M. P., & Sarno, L. (1998). The behavior of real exchange rates during the post-Bretton Woods period. Journal of International Economics, 46(2), 281-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(97)00054-8
  • United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2023). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition. United Nations. https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210024914
  • Yao, S., Zhang, S., & Zhang, X. (2019). Renewable energy, carbon emission and economic growth: A revised environmental Kuznets Curve perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 235, 1338-1352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.069
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2020a). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi (Genişletilmiş 5.Baskı). Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2020b). Panel Zaman Serileri Analizi-Stata Uygulamalı (3. Baskı).
  • Zhang, C., & Zhao, W. (2014). Panel estimation for income inequality and CO2 emissions: A regional analysis in China. Applied Energy, 136, 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.09.048
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekoloji, Sürdürülebilirlik ve Enerji
Bölüm İktisat
Yazarlar

Çağatay Tunçsiper 0000-0002-0445-3686

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 11 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 3 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 53

Kaynak Göster

APA Tunçsiper, Ç. (2025). Yenilenebilir enerji, ekonomik büyüme ve karbon emisyonu ilişkisi: seçilmiş ülkeler için panel veri analizi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(53), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1555639
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