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Türkiye’de halk arasında ağız ve diş sağlığında kullanılan tıbbi bitkiler

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 138 - 148, 15.04.2019

Merve Uzun Ayla Kaya

Öz

Türkiye’de çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde halk tarafından kullanılan birçok bitki bulunmaktadır. Ağız ve diş sağlığı problemleri ise insanları etkileyen en yaygın infeksiyöz hastalıklardır. Etnobotanik araştırmaların taranması ile hazırlanan bu çalışmada Türkiye’de geleneksel tedavide ağız ve diş hastalıklarına karşı kullanılan 30 familyaya ait 76 tıbbi bitki rapor edilmiş ve bu taksonların bilimsel ve yöresel isimleri, familyaları, kullanılan kısımları ve kullanılış şekilleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Ayrıca, her bitki türü için farmakolojik ve fitokimyasal çalışmalar da taranarak tartışılmıştır. Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre, diş ağrısı 41 taksonla halk tarafından en fazla sayıda tedavi edilen hastalıkdır ve onu 17 taksonla ağız yaraları izlemektedir. En yaygın kullanılan bitki ise Hyoscyamus niger L.’dir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etnobotanik ağız ve diş sağlığı tıbbi bitkiler geleneksel tıp Türkiye

Kaynakça

  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler), Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Gürsoy, O.V., Gürsoy, U.K. 2004. Anadolu’da diş ve diş eti ile ilgili hastalıkların tedavisinde halk arasında yaygın olarak kullanılan bitkilerin kullanım şekillleri ve bitkisel özellikleri. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 7:1.
  • Moore, W.E., Moore, L.V. 1994. The bacteria of periodontal diseases. Periodontology. 2000/5: 66-77.
  • Keyes, P.H. 1960. The infectious and transmissible nature of experimental dental caries. Findings and implications. Archives of Oral Biology. 1: 304-320.
  • Lockwood, B. 2007. Neutraceuticals A guide for healthcare professionals. Pharmaceutical Press, London.
  • Willershausen, B., Gruber, I., Hamm, G. 1991. The influence of herbal ingredients on plaque index and bleeding tendency of the gingival. The Journal of Clinical Dentistry. 2/3: 75-78.
  • Pitten, F.A., Kramer, A. 1999. Antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptic mouthrinse solutions. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacolology. 55: 95-100.
  • Li, X., Kolltveit, K.M., Olsen I. 2000. Systemic Diseases Caused by Oral Infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 13/4: 547-558.
  • Vieira, D.R.P., Amaral, F., Maciel, M.C.G., Nascimento, F.R.F., Libério, S.A., Rodrigues, V.P. 2014. Plant species used in dental diseases: Ethnopharmacology aspects and antimicrobial activity evaluation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 155: 1441-1449.
  • Hebbar, S.S., Harsha, V.H., Shripathi, V., Hegde, G.R. 2004. Ethnomedicine of Dharwad district in Karnataka, India- plants used in oral health care. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 94: 261-266.
  • Ganesan, S. 2008. Traditional oral care medicinal plants survey of Tamil Nadu. Natural Product Radiance. 7/2: 166- 172.
  • Rosas-Pinon, Y., Mejía, A., Díaz-Ruiz, G., Aguilar, M.I., Sánchez-Nieto, S., Rivero-Cruz, J.F. 2012, Ethnobotanical survey and antibacterial activity of plants used in the Altiplane region of Mexico for the treatment of oral cavity infections. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 141: 860-865.
  • Ekim, T., Koyuncu, M., Vural, M., Duman, H., Aytaç, Z., Adıgüzel, N. 2000. Red Data Book of Turkish Plants. Turkish Association for the Conservation of Nature, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Mateus, L., Cherkaoui, S., Christen, P., Veuthey, J.L. 1998. Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of tropane alkaloids: Pharmaceutical and phytochemical applications. Journal of Pharmacetical and Biomedical Analysis. 18: 815-825.
  • Begum, S., Saxena, B., Goyal, M., Ranjan, R., Joshi, V.B., Rao, C.V., Krishnamurthy, S., Sahai, M. 2010. Study of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of seeds of Hyoscyamus niger and isolation of a new coumarinolignan. Fitoterapia. 81/3: 178-184.
  • Messier, C., Grenier, D. 2011. Effect of licorice compounds licochalcone A, glabridin and glycyrrhizic acid on growth and virulence properties of Candida albicans. Mycoses. 54: 801-806.
  • Fachini-Queiroz, F.C., Kummer, R., Estevão-Silva, C.F., Carvalho, M.D.B., Cunha, J.M., Grespan, R., Bersani-Amado, C.A., Cuman, R.K.N. 2012. Effects of thymol and carvacrol, constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil, on the ınflammatory response. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
  • Adam, K., Sivropoulou, A., Kokkini, S., Lanaras, T., Arsenakis, M. 1998. Antifungal activities of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, Mentha spicata, Lavandula angustifolia, and Salvia fruticosa essential oils against human pathogenic fungi. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 46: 1739-1745.
  • Küpeli, E., Koşar, M., Yeşilada, E., Başer, K.H.C. 2002. A comparative study on the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic effects of isoquinoline alkaloids from the roots of Turkish Berberis species. Life Sciences. 72: 645-657.
  • Mayer, D.J., Hayes, R.L. 1975. Stimulation-produced analgesia: development of tolerance and cross-tolerance to morphine. Science. 188/4191: 941-943.
  • German, K., Kumar, U., Blackford, H.N. 1995. Garlic and the risk of TURP bleeding. British Journal of Urology. 76/4: 518.
  • Jayanthi, M.K., Jyoti, M.B. 2012. Experimental animal studies on analgesic and anti-nociceptive activity of Allium sativum (Garlic) powder. The Indian Journal of Research and Reports in Medical Sciences. 2: 1-5.
  • Matij, S., Stanij, S., Soluji, S., Milosevij, T., Niciforovij, N. 2011. Biological properties of the Cotinus coggygria methanol extract. Periodicum Biologorum. 113/1: 87-92.
  • Esmat, A., Al-Abbasi, A., Algandaby, M.M., Moussa, A.Y., Labib, R.M., Ayoub, N.A., Abdel-Naim, A.B. 2012. Anti-Inflammatory activity of Pistacia khinjuk in different experimental models: Isolation and characterization of ıts flavonoids and galloylated sugars. Journal of Medicinal Food. 15/3: 278-287.
  • Hashem, M., Alamri, S. 2010. Contamination of common spices in Saudi Arabia markets with potential mycotoxin-producing fungi. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 17: 167-175.
  • Al-Howiriny, T.A., Al-Sohaibani, M.O., El-Tahir, K.H., Rafatullah, S. 2003. Preliminary evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatotoxic activities of 'Parsley' Petroselinum crispum in rats. Journal of natural remedies. 3/1: 54-62.
  • Özlem, B., Gulluce, M., Sahin, F., Özer, H., Kilic, H., Özkan, H., Sokmen, M., Ozbek, T. 2006. Biological activities of the essential oil and methanol extract of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae). Turkish Journal of Biology. 30: 65-73.
  • Hassawi, D., Kharma, A. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants Against Candida albicans. Journal of Biological Sciences. 6/1: 109-114,
  • Aburjai, T., Darwish, M., Al-Khalil, S., Mahajznh, A., Al-Abbadi, A. 2001. Screening of antibiotic resistance inhibitors from local plant materials against two different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 76: 39-44.
  • Abdoul-Latif, M.F., Mohamed, N., Edou, P., Ali, A.A., Djama, S.O., Obame L.C., Ismael, H.N., Bassolé, I.H.N., Dicko, M.H. 2011. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and methanol extract of Matricaria chamomilla L. from Djibouti. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5/9: 1512-1517.
  • Şengül, M., Yıldız, H., Gungor, N., Cetin, B., Eser, Z., Ercişli, S. 2009. Total phenolıc content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 22/1: 102-106.
  • Stankovic, M.S., Radojevic, I.D., Stefanovic, O., Topuzovic, M.D., Comic, L.R., Brankovic, S. 2011. Exploring immortelle (Xeranthemum annuum L.) as a natural source of biologically active substances. Experimental and Clinical Sciences. 10: 230-239.
  • Grosso, C., Vinholes, J., SilvaI, L.R., Pinho, P.G., Gonçalves, R.F., ValentãoI, P., Jäger, A.K., Andrade, P.B. 2011. Chemical composition and biological screening of Capsella bursa-pastoris. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy. 21/4: 635-644.
  • Agil, M.A., Risco, S., Miro, M., Navarro, M.C., Ocete, M.A., Jiménez J. 1995. Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Richard extract in rodents. Phytotherapy Research. 9: 135-138.
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  • Andhale, P.V., Jadhav, R.S., Bhalke, R.D., Tambe, V.D., Kolhe, M.H. 2010. Analgesic activity of Thuja orientalis leaves. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 3/2: 435- 437.
  • Bagheri-Gavkosh, S., Bigdeli, M. 2009. Inhibitory Effects of Ephedra major host on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production. Mycopathologia. 168: 249-255.
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Traditional medicinal plants used for oral and dental diseases in Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 138 - 148, 15.04.2019

Merve Uzun Ayla Kaya

Öz

Plants have been utilized to treat a wide range of diseases in Turkey. Dental caries is the most common infectious disease affecting humans. This paper was documented traditional knowledge on medicinal plants used to treat oral and dental diseases in Turkey. Pharmacological and phytochemical studies for each species were also reviewed. According to result of this study, 76 medicinal plants belonging to 30 families were reported. Toothache was the disorder treated by the highest number of species (41 taxa), followed by oral wounds (17 taxa). The most common used medicinal plant species was Hyoscyamus niger L.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ethnobotany oral and dental diseases medicinal plants traditional medicine Turkey

Kaynakça

  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler), Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Gürsoy, O.V., Gürsoy, U.K. 2004. Anadolu’da diş ve diş eti ile ilgili hastalıkların tedavisinde halk arasında yaygın olarak kullanılan bitkilerin kullanım şekillleri ve bitkisel özellikleri. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 7:1.
  • Moore, W.E., Moore, L.V. 1994. The bacteria of periodontal diseases. Periodontology. 2000/5: 66-77.
  • Keyes, P.H. 1960. The infectious and transmissible nature of experimental dental caries. Findings and implications. Archives of Oral Biology. 1: 304-320.
  • Lockwood, B. 2007. Neutraceuticals A guide for healthcare professionals. Pharmaceutical Press, London.
  • Willershausen, B., Gruber, I., Hamm, G. 1991. The influence of herbal ingredients on plaque index and bleeding tendency of the gingival. The Journal of Clinical Dentistry. 2/3: 75-78.
  • Pitten, F.A., Kramer, A. 1999. Antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptic mouthrinse solutions. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacolology. 55: 95-100.
  • Li, X., Kolltveit, K.M., Olsen I. 2000. Systemic Diseases Caused by Oral Infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 13/4: 547-558.
  • Vieira, D.R.P., Amaral, F., Maciel, M.C.G., Nascimento, F.R.F., Libério, S.A., Rodrigues, V.P. 2014. Plant species used in dental diseases: Ethnopharmacology aspects and antimicrobial activity evaluation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 155: 1441-1449.
  • Hebbar, S.S., Harsha, V.H., Shripathi, V., Hegde, G.R. 2004. Ethnomedicine of Dharwad district in Karnataka, India- plants used in oral health care. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 94: 261-266.
  • Ganesan, S. 2008. Traditional oral care medicinal plants survey of Tamil Nadu. Natural Product Radiance. 7/2: 166- 172.
  • Rosas-Pinon, Y., Mejía, A., Díaz-Ruiz, G., Aguilar, M.I., Sánchez-Nieto, S., Rivero-Cruz, J.F. 2012, Ethnobotanical survey and antibacterial activity of plants used in the Altiplane region of Mexico for the treatment of oral cavity infections. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 141: 860-865.
  • Ekim, T., Koyuncu, M., Vural, M., Duman, H., Aytaç, Z., Adıgüzel, N. 2000. Red Data Book of Turkish Plants. Turkish Association for the Conservation of Nature, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Mateus, L., Cherkaoui, S., Christen, P., Veuthey, J.L. 1998. Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of tropane alkaloids: Pharmaceutical and phytochemical applications. Journal of Pharmacetical and Biomedical Analysis. 18: 815-825.
  • Begum, S., Saxena, B., Goyal, M., Ranjan, R., Joshi, V.B., Rao, C.V., Krishnamurthy, S., Sahai, M. 2010. Study of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of seeds of Hyoscyamus niger and isolation of a new coumarinolignan. Fitoterapia. 81/3: 178-184.
  • Messier, C., Grenier, D. 2011. Effect of licorice compounds licochalcone A, glabridin and glycyrrhizic acid on growth and virulence properties of Candida albicans. Mycoses. 54: 801-806.
  • Fachini-Queiroz, F.C., Kummer, R., Estevão-Silva, C.F., Carvalho, M.D.B., Cunha, J.M., Grespan, R., Bersani-Amado, C.A., Cuman, R.K.N. 2012. Effects of thymol and carvacrol, constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil, on the ınflammatory response. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
  • Adam, K., Sivropoulou, A., Kokkini, S., Lanaras, T., Arsenakis, M. 1998. Antifungal activities of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, Mentha spicata, Lavandula angustifolia, and Salvia fruticosa essential oils against human pathogenic fungi. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 46: 1739-1745.
  • Küpeli, E., Koşar, M., Yeşilada, E., Başer, K.H.C. 2002. A comparative study on the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic effects of isoquinoline alkaloids from the roots of Turkish Berberis species. Life Sciences. 72: 645-657.
  • Mayer, D.J., Hayes, R.L. 1975. Stimulation-produced analgesia: development of tolerance and cross-tolerance to morphine. Science. 188/4191: 941-943.
  • German, K., Kumar, U., Blackford, H.N. 1995. Garlic and the risk of TURP bleeding. British Journal of Urology. 76/4: 518.
  • Jayanthi, M.K., Jyoti, M.B. 2012. Experimental animal studies on analgesic and anti-nociceptive activity of Allium sativum (Garlic) powder. The Indian Journal of Research and Reports in Medical Sciences. 2: 1-5.
  • Matij, S., Stanij, S., Soluji, S., Milosevij, T., Niciforovij, N. 2011. Biological properties of the Cotinus coggygria methanol extract. Periodicum Biologorum. 113/1: 87-92.
  • Esmat, A., Al-Abbasi, A., Algandaby, M.M., Moussa, A.Y., Labib, R.M., Ayoub, N.A., Abdel-Naim, A.B. 2012. Anti-Inflammatory activity of Pistacia khinjuk in different experimental models: Isolation and characterization of ıts flavonoids and galloylated sugars. Journal of Medicinal Food. 15/3: 278-287.
  • Hashem, M., Alamri, S. 2010. Contamination of common spices in Saudi Arabia markets with potential mycotoxin-producing fungi. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 17: 167-175.
  • Al-Howiriny, T.A., Al-Sohaibani, M.O., El-Tahir, K.H., Rafatullah, S. 2003. Preliminary evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatotoxic activities of 'Parsley' Petroselinum crispum in rats. Journal of natural remedies. 3/1: 54-62.
  • Özlem, B., Gulluce, M., Sahin, F., Özer, H., Kilic, H., Özkan, H., Sokmen, M., Ozbek, T. 2006. Biological activities of the essential oil and methanol extract of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae). Turkish Journal of Biology. 30: 65-73.
  • Hassawi, D., Kharma, A. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants Against Candida albicans. Journal of Biological Sciences. 6/1: 109-114,
  • Aburjai, T., Darwish, M., Al-Khalil, S., Mahajznh, A., Al-Abbadi, A. 2001. Screening of antibiotic resistance inhibitors from local plant materials against two different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 76: 39-44.
  • Abdoul-Latif, M.F., Mohamed, N., Edou, P., Ali, A.A., Djama, S.O., Obame L.C., Ismael, H.N., Bassolé, I.H.N., Dicko, M.H. 2011. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and methanol extract of Matricaria chamomilla L. from Djibouti. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5/9: 1512-1517.
  • Şengül, M., Yıldız, H., Gungor, N., Cetin, B., Eser, Z., Ercişli, S. 2009. Total phenolıc content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 22/1: 102-106.
  • Stankovic, M.S., Radojevic, I.D., Stefanovic, O., Topuzovic, M.D., Comic, L.R., Brankovic, S. 2011. Exploring immortelle (Xeranthemum annuum L.) as a natural source of biologically active substances. Experimental and Clinical Sciences. 10: 230-239.
  • Grosso, C., Vinholes, J., SilvaI, L.R., Pinho, P.G., Gonçalves, R.F., ValentãoI, P., Jäger, A.K., Andrade, P.B. 2011. Chemical composition and biological screening of Capsella bursa-pastoris. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy. 21/4: 635-644.
  • Agil, M.A., Risco, S., Miro, M., Navarro, M.C., Ocete, M.A., Jiménez J. 1995. Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Richard extract in rodents. Phytotherapy Research. 9: 135-138.
  • Miceli, N., Trovato, A., Marino, A., Bellinghieri, V., Melchini, A., Dugo, P., Cacciola, F., Donato, P., Mondello, L., Güvenç, A., De Pasquale, R., Taviano, M.F. 2011. Phenolic composition and biological activities of Juniperus drupacea Labill. berries from Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 49/10: 2600-2608.
  • Andhale, P.V., Jadhav, R.S., Bhalke, R.D., Tambe, V.D., Kolhe, M.H. 2010. Analgesic activity of Thuja orientalis leaves. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 3/2: 435- 437.
  • Bagheri-Gavkosh, S., Bigdeli, M. 2009. Inhibitory Effects of Ephedra major host on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production. Mycopathologia. 168: 249-255.
  • Al-mughrabi, K. 2003. Antimicrobial activity of extracts from leaves, stems and flowers of Euphorbia macroclada against plant pathogenic fungi. Phytopathologia Mediterranea. 42: 245-250.
  • Suntar, I.P., Koca, U., Akkol, E.K., Yılmazer, D., Alper, M. 2011b. Assessment of Wound Healing Activity of the Aqueous Extracts of Colutea cilicica Boiss. & Bal. Fruits and Leaves. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
  • Fukai, T., Ali, M., Kaitou, K., Kanda, T., Terada, S., Nomura, T. 2002. Anti-Helicobacter pylori flavonoids from licorice extract. Life Sciences. 71: 1449-1463.
  • Razik, B.M.A., Hasan, H.A., Murtadha, M.K. 2012. The study of antibacterial activity of Plantago Major and Ceratonia siliqua. The Iraq Postgraduate Medıcal Journal. 11/1: 130-135.
  • Karakaş, F.P., Yıldırım, A., Türker, A. 2012. Biological screening of various medicinal plant extracts for antibacterial and antitumor activities. Turkish Journal of Biology. 36: 641-652.
  • Kumar, V., Singh, P.N., Bhattacharya, S.K. 2001. Antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of Indian Hypericum perforatum L. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 39: 339-343.
  • Barış, D., Kızıl, M., Aytekin, Ç., Kızıl, G., Yavuz, M., Çeken, B., Ertekin, S. 2011. In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Three Hypericum and three Achillea species from Turkey. International Journal of Food Properties. 14/2: 339-355.
  • Öztürk, B., Apaydin, Ş., Goldeli, E., Ince, İ., Zeybek, U. 2002. Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. extract exhibits antiinflammatory activity in the rat. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 80: 207-209.
  • Noumi E., Snoussi, M., Trabelsi, N., Hajlaoui, H., Ksouri, R., Valentin, E., Bakhrouf, A. 2011. Antibacterial, anticandidal and antioxidant activities of Salvadora persica and Juglans regia L. extracts. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5/17: 4138-4146.
  • Mencherini, T., Picerno, P., Scesa, C., Aquino, R. 2007. Triterpene, antioxidant, and antimicrobial compounds from Melissa officinalis. Journal of Natural Products. 70: 1889-1894.
  • Güllüce, M., Sahin, F., Sokmen, M., Özer, H., Daferera, D., Sokmen, A., Polissiou, M., Adiguzel, A., Özkan, H. 2007. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils and methanol extract from Mentha longifolia L. ssp. longifolia. Food Chemistry. 103: 1449-1456.
  • Al-Bayati, F.A. 2009 Isolation and identification of antimicrobial compound from Mentha longifolia L. leaves grown wild in Iraq. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials. 8:20.
  • Aydın, S., Öztürk, Y., Beis, R., Başer, K.H.C. 1996. Investigation of Origanum onites, Sideritis congesta and Satureja cuneifolia essential oils for analgesic activity. Phytotherapy Research. 10: 342-344.
  • Ocaña-Fuentes, A., Arranz-Gutiérrez, E., Señorans, F.J., Reglero, G. 2010. Supercritical fluid extraction of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essentials oils: Anti-inflammatory properties based on cytokine response on THP-1 macrophages. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 48: 1568-1575.
  • Belmekki, N., Bendimerad, N., Bekhechi, C., Fernandez, X. 2013. Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Teucrium polium L. essential oil from Western Algeria. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 7/14: 897-902.
  • Huber-Morath, 1975. Achillea. In (Ed.), Davis, P.H., Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh, University Press. Volume V, 232-233.
  • Kılıç, T. 2006. Analysis of essential oil composition of Thymbra spicata var. spicata: Antifungal, antibacterial and antimycobacterial activities. Zeitung Naturforsch. 61: 324-328.
  • Sayyah, M., Saroukhani, G., Peirovi, A., Kamalinejad, M. 2003. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf essential oil of Laurus nobilis Linn. Phytotherapy Research. 17/7: 733-736.
  • Iauk, L., Lo Bue, A.M., Milazzo, I., Rapisarda, A., Blandino, G. 2003. Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts against periodontopathic bacteria. Phytotherapy Research. 17/6: 599-604.
  • Zare, P., Mahmoudi, R., Shadfar, S., Ehsani, A., Afrazeh, Y., Saeedan, Y., Niyazpour, F., Pourmand, B.S. 2012. Efficacy of chloroform, ethanol and water extracts of medicinal plants, Malva sylvestris and Malva neglecta on some bacterial and fungal contaminants of wound infections. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 6729: 4550-4552.
  • Eo, H.J., Park, J.H., Park, G.H., Lee, M.H., Lee, J.R., Koo, J.S., Jeong, J.B. 2014. Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity of mulberry (Morus alba L.) root bark. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 14: 200-209.
  • Nomura, T., Fukai, T. 1981. Prenylflavonoids from the root bark of the cultivated mulberry tree. Heterocycles 15: 1531-1567.
  • Esmaeili-Mahania, S., Rezaeezadeh-Roukerda, M., Esmaeilpoura, K., Abbasnejada, M., Rasoulian, B., Sheibanic, V., Kaeidia, A., Hajializadeh, Z. 2010. Olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract elicits antinociceptive activity, potentiates morphine analgesia and suppresses morphine hyperalgesia in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 132/1: 200-205.
  • Digrak, M., Ilcim, A., Alma, M.H. 1999. Antimicrobial Activities of Several Parts of Pinus brutia, Juniperus oxycedrus, Abies cilicia, Cedrus libani and Pinus nigra. Phytotherapy Research. 13: 584-587.
  • Yeşilada, E., Kupeli, E. 2007. Clematis vitalba L. aerial part exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic effects. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 110: 504-515.
  • Erdemoglu, N., Kupeli, E., Yesilada, E. 2003. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity assessment of plants used as remedy in Turkish folk medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 89/1: 123-129.
  • Maleev, A., Neshtev, G., Stoianov, S., Sheikov, N. 1972. The ulcer protective and antiinflamatory effect of Bulgarian rose oil. Eksperimetnalna Meditsna Morfologia. 11: 55-60.
  • Oto, G., Özdemir, H., Yaren, B., Yetkin, Y., Tas, A., Tanrıtanır, P., Öztürk, F. 2013. Antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. in mice. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics. 1/2: 117-123.
  • Fares, S., Omar, G., Abdallah, L., Almasri, M., Slaileh, A., Zurba, Z. 2013. Antibacterial activity of selected palestinian wild plant extracts against multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae. An International Journal. 1/10: 963-969.
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Koruma ve Biyolojik Çeşitlilik
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Merve Uzun 0000-0003-2100-0782

Ayla Kaya 0000-0002-7598-7132

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Nisan 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Mart 2018
Kabul Tarihi 15 Nisan 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Uzun, M., & Kaya, A. (2019). Türkiye’de halk arasında ağız ve diş sağlığında kullanılan tıbbi bitkiler. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(1), 138-148.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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