Öz
Petrol üretim operasyonları sırasında Doğal Olarak Oluşan Radyoaktif Madde (NORM) atıkları üretilmekte ve bundan kaynaklanan haksız radyasyona maruz kalma, Irak dahil birçok ülkenin karşılaştığı zorlukları temsil etmektedir. Bu araştırma, çalışma alanında absorbe edilen doz oranları ve bu atıklardan kaynaklanan toplam yıllık radyasyon dozunun değerlendirilmesini içermektedir. 13 toprak örneğindeki radyonüklitlerin aktivite konsantrasyonları, HPGe dedektörü içeren Falcon 5000 sistemi kullanılarak ölçüldü. Bunun için numuneler 3 saat boyunca dedektör yüzeyinden 5 cm mesafeye yerleştirildi. Daha sonra radyasyon doz oranları hesaplandı. Ortalama absorbe edilen doz değerlerinin 23.42 nGy/h olduğu ve ortalama toplam yıllık etkili dış ve iç ortam dozlarının sırasıyla 0.029 mSv/y ve 0.115 mSv/y olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu değerler Uluslararası Atom Enerjisi Ajansı (IAEA) GSR Part3 standartlarında belirlenen limitlerin ve UNSCEAR 2000'de önerilen değerlerin altındadır. RESRAD-ONSITE yazılımının çıktıları, toplam doz değerlerinin 3.24 μSv/y olduğunu gösterdi; bu, radyasyon alanında çalışanlar için toplam radyasyon dozu için izin verilen değerlerden daha azdır. Araştırma, çalışma alanlarındaki işçiler için emilen doz oranlarının ve yıllık toplam etkin dozların sürekli izlenmesini ve uygun radyasyon izleme cihazları kullanılarak NORM atık sahalarının sürekli radyasyon değerlendirmesinin yapılmasını ve gerekli ölçümlerin yapılması için numunelerin alınmasını ve çalışma alanlarındaki işçiler arasında radyasyon bilincinin yayılmasını önermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
NORM Emilen Doz Toprak Örnekleri Yıllık Doz Doz Değerlendirmesi
Kaynakça
- Akarsu, E., Hamilton, D.J. & Tyler, D.C. (2001). NORM in the oil and gas industry - exposure assessment and management plan. The APPEA Journal, 41(1), 737 – 747.
- IAEA, (2010). Radiation Protection and the Management of Radioactive Waste in the Oil and Gas Industry. TCS-40, 218 pages, Vienna.
- Khudheir, M. (2021). Radiological Risk Assessment of Oil waste in the Oilfields at Zubair district of Basrah. Iraqi Academics Syndicate International Conference for Pure and Applied Sciences, Babylon, Iraq, Nov. 14-15.
- Alhamd, M. W., Atiyah, S. N., Alqaisi, Z. A., & katea AL-Gharrawy, M. (2023). Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in the Soil of Near Basra Oil Company Fields. Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research, 10(1), 70-77.
- Khalil, W. A., Helal, N. L. & Elsayed, M. (2021). Assessment of the annual dose of the occupational workers involved in dry decontamination of NORM contaminated equipment in Egyptian oil and gas industry. Science Archives Journal, 2(3), 201-206.
- Kaya, S., Kaya, A., Çelik, N., Kara, R. T., Taşkın, H., & Koz, B. (2020). Determination of the environmental natural radioactivity and mapping of natural background radioactivity of the Gumushane province, Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 326, 933-957.
- IAEA (2013). Management of NORM Residues (TECDOC-1712). 66, Vienna.
- IAEA (2015). Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM VII). Beijing, China, 22–26 April, 706.
- Ali K. K. & Ibraheem D. B. (2017). Radiological hazard Assessment Due to Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in Oil and Gas Production Industry –East Baghdad Oil Field. Iraqi Journal of Science, 58 (1A), 115-126.
- Ahmeida, E. (2020). Management of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the oil and gas industry, Arab atomic energy agency, atomic and dvelopment bulletin, 32(2). (In Arabic)
- Kamboj, S., Gnanapragasam, E. & Yu, C. (2001). User’s Guide for RESRAD-ONSITE code, Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 111.
- IAEA, (2008). Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM V). Proceedings of an International Symposium Held in Seville, Spain, 19–22 March, 534.
- Beretka, J. & Matthew, P. J. )1985(. Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and by-products. Journal Health physics, 48(1), 87-95.
- Kocher, D. C. & Sjoreen, A. L. (1985). Dose-rate conversion factors for external exposure to photon emitters in soil. Journal Health Physics, 48(2), 193-205.
- Sam, A. K., & Abbas, N. (2001). Assessment of radioactivity and the associated hazards in local and imported cement types used in Sudan. Journal of Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 93(3), 275-277.
- United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (2000). Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. 1, 90, New York.
- IAEA (2014). Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards. General safety requirements, No. GSR Part 3, 471, Vienna.
Öz
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) wastes are generated during oil production operations and the unjustified radiation exposures resulting from it represent challenges facing many countries, including Iraq. This research deals with an evaluation of the absorbed dose rates and the total annual radiation dose resulting from this waste in the study area. The activity concentrations of radionuclides in 13 soil samples were measured by using the Falcon 5000 system containing an HPGe detector. For which, the samples were placed at a distance of 5 cm from the detector surface for 3 hours. Then, the radiation dose rates were calculated. It is found that the values of the average absorbed dose is 23.42 nGy/h and the average total annual effective outdoor and indoor doses are 0.029 mSv/y and 0.115 mSv/y, respectively. These values are lower than the limits set by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) GSR Part3 standards and the recommended values in UNSCEAR 2000. The outputs of RESRAD-ONSITE software showed that the total dose values are 3.24 μSv/y , which is less than the permissible values for the total radiation dose for workers in the radiation field. The research recommended conducting continuous monitoring of absorbed dose rates and total annual effective doses for workers in work areas and continuous radiation evaluation of NORM waste sites through the use of appropriate radiation monitoring devices and taking samples to make the necessary measurements and spreading radiation awareness among workers in work areas.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akarsu, E., Hamilton, D.J. & Tyler, D.C. (2001). NORM in the oil and gas industry - exposure assessment and management plan. The APPEA Journal, 41(1), 737 – 747.
- IAEA, (2010). Radiation Protection and the Management of Radioactive Waste in the Oil and Gas Industry. TCS-40, 218 pages, Vienna.
- Khudheir, M. (2021). Radiological Risk Assessment of Oil waste in the Oilfields at Zubair district of Basrah. Iraqi Academics Syndicate International Conference for Pure and Applied Sciences, Babylon, Iraq, Nov. 14-15.
- Alhamd, M. W., Atiyah, S. N., Alqaisi, Z. A., & katea AL-Gharrawy, M. (2023). Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in the Soil of Near Basra Oil Company Fields. Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research, 10(1), 70-77.
- Khalil, W. A., Helal, N. L. & Elsayed, M. (2021). Assessment of the annual dose of the occupational workers involved in dry decontamination of NORM contaminated equipment in Egyptian oil and gas industry. Science Archives Journal, 2(3), 201-206.
- Kaya, S., Kaya, A., Çelik, N., Kara, R. T., Taşkın, H., & Koz, B. (2020). Determination of the environmental natural radioactivity and mapping of natural background radioactivity of the Gumushane province, Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 326, 933-957.
- IAEA (2013). Management of NORM Residues (TECDOC-1712). 66, Vienna.
- IAEA (2015). Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM VII). Beijing, China, 22–26 April, 706.
- Ali K. K. & Ibraheem D. B. (2017). Radiological hazard Assessment Due to Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in Oil and Gas Production Industry –East Baghdad Oil Field. Iraqi Journal of Science, 58 (1A), 115-126.
- Ahmeida, E. (2020). Management of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the oil and gas industry, Arab atomic energy agency, atomic and dvelopment bulletin, 32(2). (In Arabic)
- Kamboj, S., Gnanapragasam, E. & Yu, C. (2001). User’s Guide for RESRAD-ONSITE code, Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 111.
- IAEA, (2008). Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM V). Proceedings of an International Symposium Held in Seville, Spain, 19–22 March, 534.
- Beretka, J. & Matthew, P. J. )1985(. Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and by-products. Journal Health physics, 48(1), 87-95.
- Kocher, D. C. & Sjoreen, A. L. (1985). Dose-rate conversion factors for external exposure to photon emitters in soil. Journal Health Physics, 48(2), 193-205.
- Sam, A. K., & Abbas, N. (2001). Assessment of radioactivity and the associated hazards in local and imported cement types used in Sudan. Journal of Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 93(3), 275-277.
- United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (2000). Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. 1, 90, New York.
- IAEA (2014). Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards. General safety requirements, No. GSR Part 3, 471, Vienna.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Nükleer Fizik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Mayıs 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 7 Mayıs 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 16 Ağustos 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 |
