Araştırma Makalesi
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TR33 BÖLGESİNDE FAALİYET GÖSTEREN FİRMALARIN BİLGİ VE İLETİŞİM TEKNOLOJİLERİ, İNOVASYON VE İŞGÜCÜ VERİMLİLİĞİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 538 - 558, 30.04.2025

Ayşegül Yıldız , Sema Behdioğlu , Neslihan Çilesiz , Fadime Aksoy

https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1483223

Öz

Günümüzde bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinde (BİT) yaşanan hızlı değişimle birlikte, firmalar arasında rekabet artmakta ve sürdürülebilir başarı sağlamak için yenilikçi yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin TR33 Bölgesi’nde faaliyet gösteren Ar-Ge departmanına sahip firmalar işgücü verimliliği, ihracat yoğunluğu, BİT kullanımı, beşeri sermaye ve inovasyon gibi çeşitli faktörlerin etkisi altında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, işgücü verimliliği üzerindeki doğrudan ve dolaylı belirleyicileri yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (PLS-SEM) ile incelemek ve firmaların rekabet gücünü artıracak politika önerileri sunmaktır. Araştırma kapsamında, TR33 Bölgesi’nde (Manisa, Kütahya, Uşak ve Afyon illeri) yer alan 252 firmaya yönetim, organizasyon ve inovasyon araştırması (MOI) anketi uygulanmıştır. Anket sonuçları ihracat yoğunluğu, BİT kullanımı, yönetim başarısı ve beşeri sermaye gibi faktörlerin işgücü verimliliği üzerindeki etkisinin anlamlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, BİT ve inovasyon faaliyetlerinin işgücü verimliliği üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koyarak firmaların sürdürülebilir büyüme stratejileri geliştirmelerine katkı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşgücü Verimliliği İnovasyon Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi

Destekleyen Kurum

Kütahya Dumlupınar Üniversitesi 2017-35 numaralı Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojisi, İnovasyon ve Firmaların İşgücü Verimliliği: TR33 Bölgesi Örneği adlı bilimsel araştırma projesinden üretilmiştir.

Proje Numarası

2017-35

Kaynakça

  • Aboal, D. & Tacsir, E. (2015). Innovation and productivity in services and manufacturing: The role of ICT investment. IDB Working Paper Series. No. IDB-WP-658.
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  • Alam, K., Ali, MA., Erdiaw-Kwasie, M., Shahiduzzaman, M., Velayutham, E., Murray, PA. & Wiesner, R. (2022). Impact of ICTs on innovation and performance of firms: do start-ups, regional proximity and skills matter?. Sustainability, 14(10), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105801
  • Álvarez, R. (2016). The Impact of R&D and ICT investment on innovation and productivity in Chilean firms. Inter-American Development Bank.
  • Amadu, A. W. & Danquah, M. (2019). R&D, human capital and export behavior of manufacturing and service firms in Ghana. Journal of African Business, 20(3), 283-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2019.1581003
  • Añón Higón, D. & Bonvin, D. (2022). Information and communication technologies and firms’ export performance. Industrial and Corporate Change, 31(4), 955-979. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtac017
  • Arvanitis, S. & Loukis, E.N. (2009). Information and communication technologies, human capital, workplace organization and labour productivity: A comparative study based on firm-level data for Greece and Switzerland. Information Economics & Policy, 21(1), 43-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.09.002
  • Audretsch, D.B. & Belitski, M. (2023). Evaluating internal and external knowledge sources in firm innovation and productivity: An industry perspective. R&D Management, 53(1), 168-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12556
  • Aw, B. Y., Roberts, M.J. & Winston, T. (2007). Export market participation, investments in R&D and worker training, and the evolution of firm productivity. The World Economy, 30(1), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.00873.x
  • Bagci, K. (2010). Export diversification and productivity growth. European Trade Study Group, Retrieved, 5, 2015.
  • Baldwin, J.R. & Gu, W. (2003). Export‐market participation and productivity performance in Canadian manufacturing. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne D'économique, 36(3), 634-657. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5982.t01-2-00006
  • Bartelsman, E.J., Falk, M., Hagsten, E. & Polder, M. (2019). Productivity, technological innovations and broadband connectivity: firm-level evidence for ten European countries. Eurasian Business Review, 9(1), 25-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-018-0113-0
  • Ben Khalifa, A. (2023). Impact of research and development (R&D) and information, and communication technology (ICT) on innovation and productivity evidence from Tunisian manufacturing firms. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 31(2), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12340
  • Bhattacharya, P. & Rath, B.N. (2020). Innovation and Firm-level Labour Productivity: A Comparison of Chinese and Indian Manufacturing Based on Enterprise Surveys. Science, Technology and Society, 25(3), 465-481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971721820912902
  • Billon, M., Marco, R., & Lera-Lopez, F. (2017). Innovation and ICT use in the EU: An analysis of regional drivers. Empirical Economics, 53, 1083-1108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-016-1153-x
  • Borghoff, T. (2011). The role of ICT in the globalization of firms. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 7(10), 1128.
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EVALUATION OF FIRMS OPERATING IN THE TR33 REGION IN TERMS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, INNOVATION AND LABOR PRODUCTIVITY

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 538 - 558, 30.04.2025

Ayşegül Yıldız , Sema Behdioğlu , Neslihan Çilesiz , Fadime Aksoy

https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1483223

Öz

Rapid changes in information and communication technologies (ICT) are intensifying competition among firms, creating a need for innovative approaches to achieve sustainable success. This study evaluates the impact of various factors such as labor productivity, export intensity, ICT usage, human capital, and innovation on firms with R&D departments operating in Türkiye’s TR33 Region. The aim of the study is to examine the direct and indirect determinants of labor productivity using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and to provide policy recommendations that can enhance firms' competitiveness. A management, Organization, and Innovation (MOI) Survey was conducted with 252 firms located in the TR33 Region (Manisa, Kütahya, Uşak, and Afyon provinces). Based on the survey results, it was found that factors such as export intensity, ICT usage, managerial effectiveness, and human capital have significant effects on labor productivity. The findings reveal the role of ICT and innovation activities in improving labor efficiency, offering insights into how firms can develop sustainable growth strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Labor Productivity Innovation Structural Equation Modeling.

Proje Numarası

2017-35

Kaynakça

  • Aboal, D. & Tacsir, E. (2015). Innovation and productivity in services and manufacturing: The role of ICT investment. IDB Working Paper Series. No. IDB-WP-658.
  • Alabayır, A. (2024). Ara malı ithalatı ve firma verimliliği ilişkisi, mikro ölçekli ampirik bir analiz. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 20(2), 321-338. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.1421996
  • Alam, K., Ali, MA., Erdiaw-Kwasie, M., Shahiduzzaman, M., Velayutham, E., Murray, PA. & Wiesner, R. (2022). Impact of ICTs on innovation and performance of firms: do start-ups, regional proximity and skills matter?. Sustainability, 14(10), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105801
  • Álvarez, R. (2016). The Impact of R&D and ICT investment on innovation and productivity in Chilean firms. Inter-American Development Bank.
  • Amadu, A. W. & Danquah, M. (2019). R&D, human capital and export behavior of manufacturing and service firms in Ghana. Journal of African Business, 20(3), 283-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2019.1581003
  • Añón Higón, D. & Bonvin, D. (2022). Information and communication technologies and firms’ export performance. Industrial and Corporate Change, 31(4), 955-979. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtac017
  • Arvanitis, S. & Loukis, E.N. (2009). Information and communication technologies, human capital, workplace organization and labour productivity: A comparative study based on firm-level data for Greece and Switzerland. Information Economics & Policy, 21(1), 43-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.09.002
  • Audretsch, D.B. & Belitski, M. (2023). Evaluating internal and external knowledge sources in firm innovation and productivity: An industry perspective. R&D Management, 53(1), 168-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12556
  • Aw, B. Y., Roberts, M.J. & Winston, T. (2007). Export market participation, investments in R&D and worker training, and the evolution of firm productivity. The World Economy, 30(1), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.00873.x
  • Bagci, K. (2010). Export diversification and productivity growth. European Trade Study Group, Retrieved, 5, 2015.
  • Baldwin, J.R. & Gu, W. (2003). Export‐market participation and productivity performance in Canadian manufacturing. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne D'économique, 36(3), 634-657. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5982.t01-2-00006
  • Bartelsman, E.J., Falk, M., Hagsten, E. & Polder, M. (2019). Productivity, technological innovations and broadband connectivity: firm-level evidence for ten European countries. Eurasian Business Review, 9(1), 25-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-018-0113-0
  • Ben Khalifa, A. (2023). Impact of research and development (R&D) and information, and communication technology (ICT) on innovation and productivity evidence from Tunisian manufacturing firms. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 31(2), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12340
  • Bhattacharya, P. & Rath, B.N. (2020). Innovation and Firm-level Labour Productivity: A Comparison of Chinese and Indian Manufacturing Based on Enterprise Surveys. Science, Technology and Society, 25(3), 465-481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971721820912902
  • Billon, M., Marco, R., & Lera-Lopez, F. (2017). Innovation and ICT use in the EU: An analysis of regional drivers. Empirical Economics, 53, 1083-1108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-016-1153-x
  • Borghoff, T. (2011). The role of ICT in the globalization of firms. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 7(10), 1128.
  • Brynjolfsson, E. & Hitt, L.M. (2003). Computing productivity: Firm-level evidence. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 793–808. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465303772815736
  • Bugamelli, M., & Pagano, P. (2004). Barriers to investment in ICT. Applied Economics, 36(20), 2275-2286. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000270031
  • Bulut, E. ve Çavuş, G. (2015). Liderlik, motivasyon ve ödüllendirme ilişkilerinin incelenmesinde kısmi en küçük kareler yol analizinin kullanılması. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 591-614.
  • Campbell, B.A. & Banerjee, P.M. (2012). Knowledge complementarities: human capital management and R&D investment in high-technology firms. International Journal of Strategic Change Management, 4(3-4), 335-355. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSCM.2012.051865
  • Ceccagnoli, M., Graham, S.J., Higgins, M.J. & Lee, J. (2010). Productivity and the role of complementary assets in firms’ demand for technology innovations. Industrial and Corporate Change, 19(3), 839-869. http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/icc/dtq033
  • Chadda S., Khalique F. & Parimoo D. (2020). Human capital management and organisational performance: A literature survey. A. Tripathi, N. Mathur, D. Narang & A. Varshney (Eds.), Industry 4.0 Global Transformational Changes in Business and Management (pp.428-440). Delhi: Bloomsbury.
  • Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336.
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  • Eren, E. (1982). İşletmelerde yenilik politikası: Kuram ve uygulamada yenilik. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Yayınları. (No. 2884).
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  • Ghalandari, K. (2013). The effect of information and communication technology on export performance of Iranian firms. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 5(17), 4367-4372. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.5.4431
  • Gogokhia, T. & Berulava, G. (2021). Business environment reforms, innovation, and firm productivity in transition economies. Eurasian Business Review, 11, 221–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-020-00167-5
  • Grazzi, M. & Jung, J. (2015). ICT, innovation and productivity: evidence from Latin American firms. M. Grazzi & C. Pietrobelli (Eds). Firm Innovation and Productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Engine of Economic Development. (pp. 103-135). Inter-American Development Bank.
  • Gündoğan, N. ve Biçerli, M.K. (2003). Çalışma Ekonomisi. Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. & Tatham, H.A. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th Edition). Pearson Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River.
  • Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T., Ringle C.M. & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage.
  • Hair, J.F., Ringle, C.M. & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19 (2), 139-151. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
  • Hair JR, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M. & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications. Kindle Edition.
  • Hall, B.H., Lotti, F. & Mairesse, J. (2013). Evidence on the impact of R&D and ICT investments on innovation and productivity in Italian firms. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 22(3), 300-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2012.708134
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M. & Sinkovics, R.R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. RR Sinkovics ve PN Ghauri (Eds.), New challenges to international marketing. (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Higón, D.A. (2012). The impact of ICT on innovation activities: Evidence for UK SMEs. International Small Business Journal, 30 (6), 684-699. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610374484
  • Ifinedo, P. (2011). Internet/e-business technologies acceptance in Canada's SMEs: An exploratory investigation. Internet Research, 21 (3), 255-281. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662241111139309
  • Jorgenson, D.W., Ho, M.S. & Stiroh, K.J. (2008). A retrospective look at the US productivity growth resurgence. Journal of Economics Perspectives, 22 (1), 3–24.
  • Karaata, S. (2012). Yenilik–yenileşim-inovasyon dünyasına bir yolculuk. İzmir: Ege Genç İşadamları Derneği.
  • Kaya, B. (2008). İşyerinde verimlilik yönetimi. Erişim adresi: http://kurumsal.data.atilim.edu.tr/pdfs/080425_02pdf.
  • Kaya, H. ve Gönel, F. (2024). ICT and export performance: Fırm-level evıdence from TÜRKİYE. Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews/Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 61(668). 9-35.
  • Kijek, T. & Kijek, A. (2019). Is innovation the key to solving the productivity paradox?. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 4(4), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2017.12.010
  • Laddha, Y., Tiwari, A., Kasperowicz, R., Bilan, Y. & Streimikiene, D. (2022). Impact of information communication technology on labor productivity: A panel and cross-sectional analysis. Technology in Society, 68, 101878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101878
  • Lai, F.Y., Tang, H.C., Lu, S.C., Lee, Y.C. & Lin, C.C. (2020). Transformational leadership and job performance: The mediating role of work engagement. Sage Open, 10(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899085
  • López Rodríguez, J. & Serrano Orellana, B. (2020). Human capital and export performance in the manufacturing firms. Baltic Journal of Management, 15(1), 99-119. https:/doi.org/10.1108BJM-04-2019-0143
  • Makanyeza, C. & Ndlovu, A. (2016). ICT usage and its effect on export performance: Empirical evidence from small and medium enterprises in the manufacturing sector in Zimbabwe. Botswana Journal of Business, 9(1), 21-36.
  • Marín-García, A., Gil-Saura, I., Ruiz-Molina, M.E. & Berenguer-Contrí, G. (2021). The moderating effect of store format on the relationships between ICT, innovation and sustainability in retailing. Frontiers in Psychology, 12: 678991, 1-14.
  • Minondo, A. (2014). The relationship between export status and productivity in services: A firm-level analysis for Spain. Bulletin of Economic Research, 66(1), 138-146. https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.12029
  • Mubarik, M. S., Devadason, E. S. & Govindaraju, C. (2020). Human capital and export performance of small and medium enterprises in Pakistan. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(5), 643-662. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-03-2019-0198
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  • Torrent, J. & Díaz-Chao, A. (2014). ICT uses, innovation and SMEsproductivity: Modeling direct and indirect effects in small local firms. IN3 Working Paper Series WP14-001. Erişim adresi: http://journals.uoc.edu/index.php/in3-working-paper-series/ article/view/n-14-torrent-diaz/n14-torrent-diaz-en.
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  • Ünlü, F. (2022). Türkiye’de bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin işgücü verimliliği ve istihdam üzerindeki etkileri: ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, 72(2), 725–751. https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2021-1091191
  • Vinzi, V.E., Trinchera, L. & Amato, S. (2010). PLS path modeling: From foundations to recent developments and open issues for model assessment and improvement. VE Vinzi, WW Chin, J. Henseler ve H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications. (pp. 47-82). Springer.
  • Yılmaz, A., Çelik, A. ve Ulukapı, H. (2015, 14-16 Mayıs). Çalışanların tinsel değerlere ilişkin algılarının iş stresi üzerindeki etkisinde birey-örgüt uyumunun aracılık rolü: Selçuk üniversitesi örneği. 23. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, Muğla.
  • Yılmaz, V. ve Kinaş, Y. (2021). Kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesiyle mobil bankacılık kullanımının araştırılması. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 7 (2), 133-149. https://doi.org/10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.004
  • Zhu, F., Li, Q., Yang, S. & Balezentis, T. (2021). How ICT and R&D affect productivity? Firm-level evidence for China. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 3468–3486. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1875861
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Pazarlama (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayşegül Yıldız 0000-0002-8036-9910

Sema Behdioğlu 0000-0002-4759-2088

Neslihan Çilesiz 0000-0003-1309-8660

Fadime Aksoy 0000-0003-0211-8304

Proje Numarası 2017-35
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 20 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, A., Behdioğlu, S., Çilesiz, N., Aksoy, F. (2025). TR33 BÖLGESİNDE FAALİYET GÖSTEREN FİRMALARIN BİLGİ VE İLETİŞİM TEKNOLOJİLERİ, İNOVASYON VE İŞGÜCÜ VERİMLİLİĞİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 34(1), 538-558. https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1483223
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