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DİJİTAL EKONOMİ VE FİNANSAL PİYASA DERİNLİĞİNİN KARBON EMİSYONUNA ETKİSİ: OECD ÜLKELERİNDE AMPİRİK BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 330 - 345, 30.04.2025

Nuran Ozturk Ofluoglu , Hilal Ok Ergün , Betül Şahin

https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1516201

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı dijital ekonomi ve finansal piyasaların karbon emisyonu üzerindeki etkisinin ampirik olarak araştırılmasıdır. Bu bağlamda, OECD ülkeleri kapsamında, 2010-2020 dönemi panel veri analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Karbon emisyonlarının bağımlı, dijital ekonomi ve finansal piyasa göstergelerinin bağımsız değişken olduğu bir panel veri modeli geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada dijital ekonomi göstergesi olarak internet kullanan bireylerin toplam nüfus içerisindeki payı, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisi ürünlerinin toplam ihracat içerisindeki payı ve 100 kişi başına düşen sabit geniş bant aboneliği değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. Finansal piyasaların göstergesi olarak da finansal piyasa derinlik endeksi kullanılmıştır. Modelin tahmininden elde edilen ampirik bulgular doğrultusunda, dijital ekonomi ve finansal piyasa göstergelerinin karbon emisyonu üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ampirik analizden elde edilen bulgular OECD ülkelerinde, dijital ekonomi göstergeleri ve finansal piyasa derinliğindeki artışın karbon emisyonunun azalmasına katkı sağladığına işaret etmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, dijital uygulamaların karbon emisyonları açısından da önemi göz önünde bulundurularak politikaların geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijital ekonomi Finansal derinlik Karbon emisyonu.

Kaynakça

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  • Chen, S., Ding, D. Şi, G. ve Chen, G. (2022). Digital economy, industrial structure, and carbon emissions: An empirical study based on a provincial panel data set from China, Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 20 (4), 316-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2022.11.002
  • Chen, L, Lu. Y., Meng, Y. ve Zhao, W. (2023). Research on the nexus between the digital economy and carbon emissions- evidence at China’s province level. Journal of Cleaner Production, 413,137484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137484
  • Cheng, Zhang, Y., Wang, J. ve Jiang, J. (2023). The impact of urban digital economy on China’s carbon intensity: Spatial spillover and mediating effect. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 189, 106762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106762
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  • Jiang, H., Elahi, E., Gao, M., Huang, Y. ve Liu, X. (2024). Digital economy to encourage sustainable consumption and reduce carbon emissions, Journal of Cleaner Production, 443, 140867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140867
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  • Karaçor, Z.; Güvenek, B. ve Karadoğan, E. (2020). Ekonominin değişen maskesi: dijital ekonomi. Journal Of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences, 6(34), 2140-2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.31589/JOSHAS.458
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THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL ECONOMY AND FINANCIAL MARKET DEPTH ON CARBON EMISSIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN OECD COUNTRIES

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 330 - 345, 30.04.2025

Nuran Ozturk Ofluoglu , Hilal Ok Ergün , Betül Şahin

https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1516201

Öz

The aim of the study is to empirically investigate the impact of the digital economy and financial markets on carbon emissions. In this context, the period 2010-2020 was analyzed in the context of OECD countries using a panel data analysis. A panel data model was developed with carbon emissions as the dependent variable and indicators of the digital economy and financial markets as independent variables. The study uses the share of Internet users in the total population, the share of information and communication technology products in total exports and the number of fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people as indicators of the digital economy. The financial market depth index is used as an indicator for the financial markets. Empirical findings from the model estimation reveal a statistically significant and negative effect of digital economy and financial market indicators on carbon emissions. Thus, the results of the empirical analysis suggest that the increase in digital economy and financial market depth indicators contributes to the reduction of carbon emissions in OECD countries. Based on these findings, it is recommended to develop policies that consider the role of digital applications in reducing carbon emissions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digital economy Financial depth Carbon emissions.

Kaynakça

  • Bai, T, Qi, Y., Li, Z. ve Xu, D. (2023, 15 Ekim). Digital economy, industrial transformation and upgrading, and spatial transfer of carbon emissions: The paths for low-carbon transformation of Chinese cities. Journal of Environmental Management, 344, 118528, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118528.
  • Bai, L, Gou, T., Xu, W., Liu, Y., Kuang, M. ve Jiang, L. (2023). Effects of digital economy on carbon emission intensity in Chinese cities: A life-cycle theory and the application of non-linear spatial panel smooth transition threshold model. Energy Policy, 183, 113792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113792
  • Bukht, R. ve Heeks, R. (2017, 7 Ağustos). Defining, conceptualising and measuring the digital economy. Development Informatics Working Paper, 68, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3431732
  • Carlsson, B. (2004, Eylül). The digital economy: What is new and what is not? Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 15, 245-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2004.02.001
  • Chang, H, Ding, Q., Zhao, W., Hou, N. ve Liu, W. (2023). The digital economy, industrial structure upgrading, and carbon emission intensity —— empirical evidence from China's provinces, Energy Strategy Reviews, 50, 101218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2023.101218
  • Chen, S., Ding, D. Şi, G. ve Chen, G. (2022). Digital economy, industrial structure, and carbon emissions: An empirical study based on a provincial panel data set from China, Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 20 (4), 316-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2022.11.002
  • Chen, L, Lu. Y., Meng, Y. ve Zhao, W. (2023). Research on the nexus between the digital economy and carbon emissions- evidence at China’s province level. Journal of Cleaner Production, 413,137484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137484
  • Cheng, Zhang, Y., Wang, J. ve Jiang, J. (2023). The impact of urban digital economy on China’s carbon intensity: Spatial spillover and mediating effect. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 189, 106762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106762
  • Deng, H., Bai, G.,Shen,Z.ve Xia, L. (2022). Digital economy and its spatial effect on green productivity gains in manufacturing: Evidence from China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 378, 134539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134539
  • Delices, P. (2010). Rewiew: The digital economy, Journal of International Affairs, 64 (1), 225-226. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i24385178
  • Dong, F. Hu, M. Y., Gao, Y. J. Y. J. Liu, Zhu, J. ve Pan, Y.L. (2022). How does digital economy affect carbon emissions? Evidence from global 60 countries. Science of The Total Environment, 852, 158401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158401
  • Doğanay, H. ve Coşkun O. (2020). Enerji kaynakları. 5. Baskı, Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • European Comission (2024). The European Green Deal, https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en (Erişim Tarihi:10.07.2024).
  • European Parliament. (2015). Challenges for competition policy in a digitalised economy, European Parliament, Brussels.http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/542235/IPOL_STU(2015)542235_EN.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2024.
  • Gao, F. ve He, Z. (2024). Digital economy, land resource misallocation and urban carbon emissions in Chinese resource-based cities, Resources Policy, 91, 104914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.104914
  • Gomes, S., Lopes, J. M., ve Ferreira, L. (2022). The impact of the digital economy on economic growth: The case of OECD countries. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 23 (6), 1–31. https://doi.org/ doi:10.1590/1678-6971/eRAMD220029.en
  • Hu, J. (2023, 1 Temmuz). Synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon emission mitigation in the digital economy, Journal of Environmental Management, 337, 117755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117755
  • Jiang, H., Elahi, E., Gao, M., Huang, Y. ve Liu, X. (2024). Digital economy to encourage sustainable consumption and reduce carbon emissions, Journal of Cleaner Production, 443, 140867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140867
  • Jin, X. ve Yu, W.H. (2022, Haziran). Information and communication technology and carbon emissions in China: the rebound effect of energy intensive industry. Sustainable Production Consumption, 32, 731–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.06.004
  • Karaçor, Z.; Güvenek, B. ve Karadoğan, E. (2020). Ekonominin değişen maskesi: dijital ekonomi. Journal Of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences, 6(34), 2140-2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.31589/JOSHAS.458
  • Li, Z. ve Wang, J. (2022). The dynamic impact of digital economy on carbon emission reduction: Evidence city-level empirical data in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 351, 131570, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131570
  • Li, C., ve Zhou, W. (2024). Can digital economy development contribute to urban carbon emission reduction? - Empirical evidence from China. Journal of Environmental Management, 357, 120680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120680
  • Li, Y., Dai J. ve Cui, L. (2020). The impact of digital technologies on economic and environmental performance in the context of industry 4.0: A moderated mediation model, International Journal of Production Economics, 229, 10777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107777
  • Li, Z., Chen, X., Ye, Y., Wang, F., Liao, K., ve Wang, C. (2024). The impact of digital economy on industrial carbon emission efficiency at the city level in China: Gravity movement trajectories and driving mechanisms, Environmental Technology & Innovation, 33, 103511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103511
  • Lin, B. ve Zhou, Y. (2021, Ekim). Does the Internet development affect energy and carbon emission performance? Sustainable Production and Consumption, 28, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.03.016
  • Liu, J. ve Liu, X. (2023, Ağustos-Eylül). Effects of carbon emission trading schemes on green technological innovation by industrial enterprises: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China, Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8, 100410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100410
  • Liu, J., Yu, Q., Chen, Y. ve Liu, J. (2022). The impact of digital technology development on carbon emissions: A spatial effect analysis for China, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 185, 106445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106445
  • Lyu, K., Yang, S. Zheng, K., ve Zhang, Y. (2023). How does the digital economy affect carbon emission efficiency? evidence from energy consumption and industrial value chain, Energies, 16, 761. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020761 Ma, Q., Tariq, M., Mahmood, H. ve Khan, Z. (2022). The nexus between digital economy and carbon dioxide emissions in China: the moderating role of investments in research and development. Technology in Society, 68, 101910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101910
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (2016). G20 digital economy development and cooperation initiative (Final), https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000185874.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.06.2024.
  • Mngumi, F. Huang, L. Xiuli, G. ve Ayub, B. (2024). Financial efficiency and CO2 emission in BRICS. Dose digital economy development matter? Heliyon, e24321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24321
  • Öztürk, H. (2013). Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları. Birsen Yayınevi.
  • Pan W. Xie, T., Wang, Z. ve Ma, L. (2022). Digital economy: An innovation driver for total factor productivity. Journal of Business Research, 139, 303-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.09.061
  • Patel, N. ve Mehta, D. (2023, Kasım). The asymmetry effect of industrialization, financial development and globalization on CO2 emissions in India, International Journal of Thermofluids, 100397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2023.100397
  • Ren, S., Hao, Y., Xu, L., Wu, H., ve Ba, N. (2021). Digitalization and energy: How does internet development affect China's energy consumption? Energy Economics, 98, 105220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105220
  • Ruijer, E., Porumbescu, G., Porter, R. ve Piotrowski, S. (2022). Social equity in the data era: A systematic literature review of data driven public services research, Public Admisinistration Review, 83 (2), 316-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13585 Saraçoğlu N. (2018). Küresel iklim değişimi biyoenerji enerji ormancılığı ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları. 2. Baskı, Efil Yayınevi.
  • Song, C., Liu, Q., Song, J. ve Ma, W. (2024). Impact path of digital economy on carbon emission efficiency: Mediatingeffect based on technological innovation. Journal of Environmental Management, 358, 120940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120940
  • Sun, T. Di, K. ve Shi, Q. (2024). Digital economy and carbon emission: The coupling effects of the economy in Qinghai region of China, Heliyon, 10, e26451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26451
  • Sou, X., Zhang, L., Guo, R., Lin, H., Yu, M. ve Du, X. (2024). The inverted U-shaped association between digital economy and corporate total factor productivity: A knowledge-based perspective, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 203, 123364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123364
  • Tao, F. ve Zhang, M. (2017, 25 Eylül). Digital twin shop-floor: A new shop-floor paradigm towards smart manufacturing, IEEE Access, 5, 20418-20427. http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2756069
  • Tapscott D. (2014). The digital economy anniversary edition: Rethinking promise and peril in the age of networked intelligence, The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 19(3),1-6. https://innovation.cc/wp-content/uploads/2014_19_3_7_doughty_tapscott_bk-rev_network.pdf
  • Tian, H., Zhao, T., Wu, X., ve Wang, P. (2024). The impact of digital economy development on carbon emissions-based on the perspective of carbon trading market, Journal of Cleaner Production, 434,140126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140126
  • T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı. (2018). On birinci kalkınma planı, 2019-2023. Sanayide Dijitalleşme Çalışma Grubu Raporu. Ankara. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Makine-Calisma-Grubu-Raporu.pdf
  • Topçu, F. H. (2018). Düşük karbon ekonomisine geçme(me): İklim değişikliği ve enerji Politikaları bağlamında bir bakış, Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 2018 Özel Sayısı, 115-154. https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.463396
  • Özbay, R.D. ve Yılmaz Genç, S. (2023). Dijital ekonomi: Sistematik bir literatür araştırması. Journal of Economies and Policy, 8(2), 606-618.
  • Wang, L., Chen, Y., Ramsey, T. S. ve Hewings, G. JD. (2021), Will researching digital technology really empower green development? Technology in Society, 66, 101638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101638
  • Wang, J., Dong, K., Sha, Y. ve Yan, C. (2022). Envisaging the carbon emissions efficiency of digitalization: The case of the internet economy for China. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 184, 121965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121965
  • Wang, J., Luo, X. ve Zhu, J. (2022). Does the digital economy contribute to carbon emissions reduction? A city-level spatial analysis in China, Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 20, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2022.06.001
  • Wang Q., Sun, J., Pata, U. K., Li, R., ve Kartal, M. T. (2024). Digital economy and carbon dioxide emissions: Examining the role of threshold variables, Geoscience Frontiers, 14, 101644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2023.101644
  • Wang, X. ve Li, J. (2023, Ağustos). Impacts of digital economy agglomeration on carbon emission: A two-tier stochastic frontier and spatial decomposition analysis of China, Sustainable Cities and Society, 95, 104624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104624
  • Wang, W., He, Y., Lei, Y., Gao, W. Li, Y., Lan, H., Zhuang, S. ve Höök, M. (2022), Digital economy sectors are key CO2 transmission centers in the economic system, Journal of Cleaner Production, 407, 136873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136873
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  • Xie, B., Liu, R. ve Dwivedi, R. (2024). Digital economy, structural deviation, and regional carbon emissions, journal of cleaner production, Journal of Cleaner Production, 434,139890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139890
  • Yarımkaya, D., (2021). Alternatif enerji kaynakları, Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Yi, M., Liu,Y., Sheng, M.S., ve Wen,L. (2022). Effects of digital economy on carbon emission reduction: New evidence from China, Energy Policy,171, 113271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113271
  • Yu, Z., Liu, S. ve Li, S. (2024). Research on the spatial effect of digital economy development on urban carbon reduction, Journal of Environmental Management, 357, 120764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120764
  • Yu, Z., Liu, S. ve Zhu, Z. (2022). Has the digital economy reduced carbon emissions?: Analysis based on panel data of 278 cities in China. Int. J. Environmental Resource and Public Health, 19, 11814. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph191811814.
  • Zang, W., Liu, X., Wang ve D. Zhou,J. (2022). Digital economy and carbon emission performance: Evidence at China’s city level, Energy Policy, 165, 112927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112927
  • Zhang, L., Mu, R. Zhan, Y., Yu,J., Liu, L., Yu, Y. ve Zhang, J. (2022). Digital economy, energy efficiency, and carbon emissions: Evidence from provincial panel data in China. Science of the Total Environment, 852, 158403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158403
  • Zhang, C., ve Ji, W. (2019). Digital twin-driven carbon emission prediction and low-carbon control of intelligent manufacturing job-shop. Procedia CIRP, 83, 624–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.095
  • Zhao, X., Dong, Y. ve Gong, X. (2022). The digital economy and carbon productivity: Evidence at China’s city level, Sustainability, 14 (17), 10642. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710642
  • Zhou, X., Zhou, D., Zhao, Z. ve Wang, Q. (2022). A framework to analyze carbon impacts of digital economy: The case of China, Sustainable Production and Consumption, 31, 357-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.03.002
  • Zhu, Z., Liu, B., Yu, Z. ve Cao, J. (2022). Effects of the digital economy on carbon emissions: Evidence from China. Int. J., Environmental Resource and Public Health, 19, 9450. https://doi.org /10.3390/ijerph19159450.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uluslararası İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nuran Ozturk Ofluoglu 0000-0003-3617-5139

Hilal Ok Ergün 0000-0002-1454-3677

Betül Şahin 0000-0003-0882-594X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ozturk Ofluoglu, N., Ok Ergün, H., & Şahin, B. (2025). DİJİTAL EKONOMİ VE FİNANSAL PİYASA DERİNLİĞİNİN KARBON EMİSYONUNA ETKİSİ: OECD ÜLKELERİNDE AMPİRİK BİR İNCELEME. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 34(1), 330-345. https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1516201
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