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Anatolian Seljuk madrasa architecture demonstrates remarkable diversity and aesthetic depth, particularly in the design of doors and entrance arches. This study examines sixteen Anatolian Seljuk madrasas featuring interlaced entrance arches. These buildings were selected based on criteria such as a high degree of authenticity, the presence of interlaced arches, and their documented state. Typological evaluations were conducted based on architectural features, including arch form, insertion technique, stonework, and ornamentation. The emphasis on façades in Anatolian Seljuk architecture brought detailed craftsmanship and artistic richness to the forefront, especially in entrance areas. In this context, the entrance arches—key components of the gate structures—were examined in detail and discussed from functional and typological perspectives. The findings indicate that interlaced arches exhibit more intricate workmanship and place greater emphasis on geometric detailing.
The analyzed arches were evaluated in relation to their integration with the gate structure, based on design and layout characteristics, and further analyzed in terms of style and function. Additionally, developmental processes, cross-regional interactions, and influences from different geographical areas were assessed through comparative historical analysis. Detailed drawings and photographs of the entrance arches were produced, and their similarities and differences were identified and categorized. Particular attention was paid to arch forms, material usage, and ornamentation techniques.
Colored stonework is one of the most distinctive features of Anatolian Seljuk architecture. In this study, colored stone applications in arches were examined in terms of aesthetics, structure, and style. It has been determined that the use of colored stone in interlaced arches is not merely decorative but also plays a structural role in enhancing stability. The study primarily employed a literature review and publication analysis as its methodology. Arches were classified and typologically categorized based on the collected data. This study proposes new definitions and classification approaches that have not been previously found in the literature, while offering a detailed analysis of variations in craftsmanship, geometric design, and regional styles. The structural and aesthetic uniqueness of Anatolian Seljuk interlaced arches—previously underexplored—has thus been thoroughly documented, filling a notable gap in the academic literature.
In addition to unveiling the originality and period-specific development of these entrance arches, the study introduces several examples analyzed for the first time. It also provides new insights into the techniques and stylistic distinctions through comparative evaluation with prior classifications. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of colored stonework in architecture and its reflections on the artistic sensibility of the era. In conclusion, this research contributes significantly to the understanding of the architectural identity of Anatolian Seljuk madrasas and evaluates their role in the broader context of art history.