Araştırma Makalesi
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Forecasting of Primary Air Pollutions: Emission Inventory Sample from Turkey

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 66 - 75, 12.01.2020

Filiz Dadaşer Çelik , Şükrü Taner Azgın

https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.584889
Cited By: 2

Öz



This study presents
an air pollutant emission inventory of primary pollutants for Kayseri, Turkey.
Kayseri is one of the largest cities in Turkey which went through
industrialization in recent decades together with rapid population growth. Air
pollution from residential, industrial, and transportation sources have been a
major problem for Kayseri during this period. In this study, emissions of four
primary pollutants, namely, particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2),
nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO) were estimate. The sources of
air pollutants in Kayseri were classified as point, area, and line sources. The
emissions from point and area sources (i.e., industrial and residential areas)
were estimated by using the information on types and amounts of fuels used. The
emissions from line sources (i.e., transportation) were estimated by using the
vehicle count data on major roads. The appropriate emission factors were
obtained from the Unites State Environmental Protection Agency or European
Environment Agency. The results showed that the annual emission rates for PM,
SO2, NOX and CO were 2929 tons,5082 tons, 6791 tons and 37094
tons, respectively. Area sources are responsible for 86%, 94%, and 75% of total
PM, SO2, and CO emissions, respectively. Point sources provide about
56% of total NOX emissions. In order to improve the air quality of
our cities, it is envisaged that control measures should be taken especially
for reducing the residential emissions caused by heating and the determination
of national emission calculation factors in order to achieve more reliable
results.




Anahtar Kelimeler

Emission Inventory Primary Air Pollutants Kayseri Turkey

Kaynakça

  • Ağçayak T., (2007), Investigation of an emission inventory for Turkey, M.Sc. Thesis, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul.
  • Akkoyunlu A., Ertürk F., (2002), Evaluation of air pollution trends in İstanbul, International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 18(4), 388-398.
  • Cetin S., Karademir A., Pekey B., Ayberk S., (2007), Inventory of emissions of primary air pollutants in the city of Kocaeli, Turkey, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 128(1-3), 165-175.
  • Dadaser-Celik F., Kirmaci H.K., (2011), Trends in sulfurdioxide and particulate matter levels in Kayseri (Turkey): 1990-2007, Ekoloji, 20, 83-92.
  • Demirayak A., Kutbay H.G., Kılıç D., Bilgin A., Hüseyinova R., (2011), Heavy metal accumulation in some natural and exotic plants in Samsun city, Ekoloji, 20, 1-11.
  • EEA, (2006), EMEP/CORINAIR emission inventory guidebook, Group 2: Non-industrial combustion plants, Copenhagen, European Environmental Agency, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/EMEPCORINAIR5/page016.html, [Accessed 11 March 2018].
  • EEA, (2009), EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook, European Environmental Agency, https://www.eea.europa.eu/ themes/air/emep-eea-air-pollutant-emission-inventory-guidebook, [Accessed 11 March 2018].
  • EEA, (2010), Air quality standards, European Commission, Belgium, https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-quality-standards, [Accessed 30 February 2018].
  • Elbir T., Muezzinoglu A., (2004), Estimation of emission strengths of primary air pollutants in the city of Izmir, Turkey, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 1851-1857.
  • Elbir T., Müezzinoğlu A., Bayram A., (2000), Evaluation of some air pollution indicators in Turkey, Environment International, 26, 5-10.
  • EPA, (1996a), U.S. Emission inventory improvement program: technical report series, prepared by eastern research group for STAPPA/ALAPCO/EPA emission inventory improvement program, Volume 6, USA, https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi? Dockey=2000D2PJ.TXT, [Accessed 15 January 2017].
  • EPA, (1996b), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapter 1: external combustion sources AP/42, fifth edition, USA, https://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch01/, [Accessed 23 September 2017].
  • EPA, (1997), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Guiding principles on Monte Carlo analysis, Washington, https://www.epa.gov/risk/guiding-principles-monte-carlo-analysis, [Accessed 23 September 2017].
  • EPA, (1998), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapter 1: external combustion sources, Volume-1, Washington, https://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch01/, [Accessed 14 August 2018].
  • Fu X., Wang S., Zhao B., Xing J., Cheng Z., Liu H., Hao J., (2013), Emission inventory of primary pollutants and chemical speciation in 2010 for the Yangtze River delta region, China, Atmospheric Environment, 70, 39-50.
  • Gertler A.W., Sagebiel J.C., Dippel W.A., (1998), Measurements of dioxin and furan emission factors from heavy-duty diesel vehicles, Journal of Air and Waste Management Association, 48(3), 276-278.
  • Ho M.D., Dinh X.T., (2008), Estimation of emission factors of air pollutants from the road traffic in HCMC, VNU Journal of Science, Earth Sciences, 24(2008), 184-192.
  • KAYSERIGAZ, (2018), Natural Gas Annual Consume and Evaluation Report, SOCAR Turkey Enerji A.S, https://cbs.kayserigaz.com.tr/KayserigazWeb/ portal, [Accessed 14 September 2018].
  • Khatami A., Ponche J.L., Jabry E., Mirabel P., (1998), The air quality management of the region of Great Casablanca (Morocco), Part 1: Atmospheric Emission Inventory for the Year 1992, Sci Total Environ. 209(2-3), 201-216.
  • Kunzli N., Kaiser R., Medina S., Studnicka M., Chanel O., Filliger P., (2000), Public health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution, Eur Assess, 356(9232), 795-801.
  • Liberti M., Simoniello T., Carone M.T., Coppola R., D'Emilio M., Macchiato M., (2009), Mapping badland areas using LANDSAT TM/ETM satellite imagery and morphological data, Geomorphology, 106(3-4), 333-343.
  • Menteşe S., Rad A.Y., Arısoy M., Güllü G., (2009), Ankara şehir atmosferinde biyoaerosol seviyelerinin mekansal değişimi, Ekoloji, 19(73), 21-28.
  • Miller A.C., Hidy G., Hales J., Kolb C.E., Werner A.S., Haneke B., Parrish D., Frey H.C., Rojas-Bracho L., Deslauriers M., Pennell B., Mobley J.D., (2005), Air Emission Inventories in North America: A Critical Assessment, Air & Waste Manage, 56(8), 1115-1129.
  • Odabaş B.B., (2009), Adapazarı İlçesinde Isınma Kaynaklı Emisyonların Analizi ve Envaterlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
  • Onat B., Sahin U.A., (2012), Investigating of the particulate matter size and the relation of black smoke near traffic, Ekoloji, 21(83), 77-83.
  • Özdemir H., Borucu G., Demir G., Yiğit S., Ak N., (2010), Istanbul'daki çocuk oyun parklarında partikül madde (PM2,5 ve PM10) kirliliğinin incelenmesi, Ekoloji, 77, 72-79.
  • Özden Ö., Döğeroglu T., Kara S., (2008), Assessment of ambient air quality in Eskişehir, Turkey, Environment International, 34(5), 678-687.
  • TUIK, (2017), Transportation Statistics Values, Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK), http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=105, [Accessed 22 October 2018].
  • TUIK, (2018), Population and Development Indicators/General Census, Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK), http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ PreTablo.do?alt_id=1047, [Accessed 22 August 2018].
  • URL-1, (2017), Kayseri Ili 2016 Yılı Çevre Durum Raporu, Kayseri Valiliği Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/kayseri/menu/kayseri-cdr-2016_20180205015303.pdf, [Accessed 23 October 2018].
  • URL-2, (2018), Kayseri Haritaları, https://cbs.kayseri.bel.tr/kayseri-haritalari-indir, [Accessed 12 December 2018].
  • URL-3, (2018), Kayseri Ili 2017 Yılı Çevre Durum Raporu, Kayseri Valiliği Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/son-kayser--cdr-2017-rev-ze2-20180827143719.pdf, [Accessed 23 October 2018].
  • URL-4, (2015), 2014 Trafik ve Ulaşım Bilgileri, Otoyollar ve Devlet Yollarının Trafik Dilimlerine Göre Yıllık Ortalama Günlük Trafik Değerleri ve Ulaşım Bilgileri, Trafik Güvenliği Dairesi Başkanlığı Ulaşım Etütleri Şubesi Müdürlüğü, Haziran-2015, https://www.kgm.gov.tr/SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Istatistikler/TrafikveUlasimBilgileri/14TrafikUla%C5%9F%C4%B1mBilgileri.pdf, [Accessed 22 August 2019].
  • USGS, (2006), American Society for Testing and Materials, Classification of coal based on volatile matter and cooking power of clean material, Volume 05.06 Gaseous Fuels/coal and coke, USA, https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1625f/downloads/ChapterC.pdf, [Accessed 12 June 2018].
  • Winebrake J.J., Deaton M.L., (1999), Hazardous air pollution from mobile Sources: a comparison of alternative fuel and reformulated gasoline vehicles, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 49(5), 576-581.
  • Zhang J., Morawska L., (2002), Combustion Sources of Particles: 2. Emission Factors and Measurement Methods, Chemosphere, 49(9), 1059-1074.
  • Zhao Y., Nielsen C.P., Lei Y., McElroy M.F., Hao J., (2011), Quantifying the uncertainties of a bottom-Up emission inventory of anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants in China, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(5), 2295–2308.
  • Zheng J., Zhang L., Che W., Zheng Z., Yin S., (2009), A highly resolved temporal and spatial air pollutant emission inventory for the pearl river delta region, China and its uncertainty assessment, Atmospheric Environment, 43(32), 5112-5122.

Birincil Hava Kirleticilerin Tahmini: Türkiye'den Emisyon Envanteri Örneği

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 66 - 75, 12.01.2020

Filiz Dadaşer Çelik , Şükrü Taner Azgın

https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.584889
Cited By: 2

Öz



Bu çalışmada
Türkiye’deki hava emisyon envanter açığını kapatmak amacıyla Türkiye’de Orta
Anadolu’nun büyük şehirlerinden biri olan Kayseri özelinde endüstriyel
tesisler, konut ısınması, ulaştırma ve çizgi kaynaklı kirleticilerin emisyon
miktarlarının hesaplanması amaçlanmıştır. Birincil hava kirleticileri olarak
PM, SO2, NOX ve CO parametrelerinin değerlendirildiği
çalışmada Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Çevre Koruma Ajansı (USEPA) ve Avrupa
Çevre Ajansından (EEA) elde edilen kütle bazlı ve görev bazlı emisyon
faktörleri kullanılarak emisyon miktarları hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca kullanılan
yakıtların miktarı ve kullanılan araç türü/kilometre gibi uygun aktivite
bilgileri de emisyon envanteri oluşturulması için hesaplamalarda değerlendirilmiştir.
Çalışma sonucunda Kayseri şehrine ait yıllık toplam emisyon miktarları PM, SO2,
NOX ve CO için sırasıyla 2929 ton, 5082 ton, 6791 ton ve 37094 ton
olarak hesaplanmıştır. Konut ısınmasından kaynaklı PM, SO2 ve CO
emisyon miktarlarının şehrin toplam emisyon salınımının sırasıyla %86, %94 ve
%75’inden sorumlu olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Endüstriyel tesislerden salınan
emisyon miktarının da NOX parametresi bazında toplam emisyonun
%56’sını karşıladığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Şehirlerimize dair hava kalitesinin
iyileştirilmesi adına özellikle ısınmadan kaynaklı kentsel emisyonların
azaltılması için kontrol edici önlemlerin alınması gerekliliği ve daha
güvenilir sonuçlara ulaşabilmek adına ulusal emisyon hesap faktörlerinin
belirlenmesi gerekliliği öngörülmüştür.




Anahtar Kelimeler

Emisyon Envanteri Birincil Hava Kirleticileri Kayseri Türkiye Türkiye

Kaynakça

  • Ağçayak T., (2007), Investigation of an emission inventory for Turkey, M.Sc. Thesis, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul.
  • Akkoyunlu A., Ertürk F., (2002), Evaluation of air pollution trends in İstanbul, International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 18(4), 388-398.
  • Cetin S., Karademir A., Pekey B., Ayberk S., (2007), Inventory of emissions of primary air pollutants in the city of Kocaeli, Turkey, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 128(1-3), 165-175.
  • Dadaser-Celik F., Kirmaci H.K., (2011), Trends in sulfurdioxide and particulate matter levels in Kayseri (Turkey): 1990-2007, Ekoloji, 20, 83-92.
  • Demirayak A., Kutbay H.G., Kılıç D., Bilgin A., Hüseyinova R., (2011), Heavy metal accumulation in some natural and exotic plants in Samsun city, Ekoloji, 20, 1-11.
  • EEA, (2006), EMEP/CORINAIR emission inventory guidebook, Group 2: Non-industrial combustion plants, Copenhagen, European Environmental Agency, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/EMEPCORINAIR5/page016.html, [Accessed 11 March 2018].
  • EEA, (2009), EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook, European Environmental Agency, https://www.eea.europa.eu/ themes/air/emep-eea-air-pollutant-emission-inventory-guidebook, [Accessed 11 March 2018].
  • EEA, (2010), Air quality standards, European Commission, Belgium, https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-quality-standards, [Accessed 30 February 2018].
  • Elbir T., Muezzinoglu A., (2004), Estimation of emission strengths of primary air pollutants in the city of Izmir, Turkey, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 1851-1857.
  • Elbir T., Müezzinoğlu A., Bayram A., (2000), Evaluation of some air pollution indicators in Turkey, Environment International, 26, 5-10.
  • EPA, (1996a), U.S. Emission inventory improvement program: technical report series, prepared by eastern research group for STAPPA/ALAPCO/EPA emission inventory improvement program, Volume 6, USA, https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi? Dockey=2000D2PJ.TXT, [Accessed 15 January 2017].
  • EPA, (1996b), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapter 1: external combustion sources AP/42, fifth edition, USA, https://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch01/, [Accessed 23 September 2017].
  • EPA, (1997), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Guiding principles on Monte Carlo analysis, Washington, https://www.epa.gov/risk/guiding-principles-monte-carlo-analysis, [Accessed 23 September 2017].
  • EPA, (1998), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapter 1: external combustion sources, Volume-1, Washington, https://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch01/, [Accessed 14 August 2018].
  • Fu X., Wang S., Zhao B., Xing J., Cheng Z., Liu H., Hao J., (2013), Emission inventory of primary pollutants and chemical speciation in 2010 for the Yangtze River delta region, China, Atmospheric Environment, 70, 39-50.
  • Gertler A.W., Sagebiel J.C., Dippel W.A., (1998), Measurements of dioxin and furan emission factors from heavy-duty diesel vehicles, Journal of Air and Waste Management Association, 48(3), 276-278.
  • Ho M.D., Dinh X.T., (2008), Estimation of emission factors of air pollutants from the road traffic in HCMC, VNU Journal of Science, Earth Sciences, 24(2008), 184-192.
  • KAYSERIGAZ, (2018), Natural Gas Annual Consume and Evaluation Report, SOCAR Turkey Enerji A.S, https://cbs.kayserigaz.com.tr/KayserigazWeb/ portal, [Accessed 14 September 2018].
  • Khatami A., Ponche J.L., Jabry E., Mirabel P., (1998), The air quality management of the region of Great Casablanca (Morocco), Part 1: Atmospheric Emission Inventory for the Year 1992, Sci Total Environ. 209(2-3), 201-216.
  • Kunzli N., Kaiser R., Medina S., Studnicka M., Chanel O., Filliger P., (2000), Public health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution, Eur Assess, 356(9232), 795-801.
  • Liberti M., Simoniello T., Carone M.T., Coppola R., D'Emilio M., Macchiato M., (2009), Mapping badland areas using LANDSAT TM/ETM satellite imagery and morphological data, Geomorphology, 106(3-4), 333-343.
  • Menteşe S., Rad A.Y., Arısoy M., Güllü G., (2009), Ankara şehir atmosferinde biyoaerosol seviyelerinin mekansal değişimi, Ekoloji, 19(73), 21-28.
  • Miller A.C., Hidy G., Hales J., Kolb C.E., Werner A.S., Haneke B., Parrish D., Frey H.C., Rojas-Bracho L., Deslauriers M., Pennell B., Mobley J.D., (2005), Air Emission Inventories in North America: A Critical Assessment, Air & Waste Manage, 56(8), 1115-1129.
  • Odabaş B.B., (2009), Adapazarı İlçesinde Isınma Kaynaklı Emisyonların Analizi ve Envaterlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
  • Onat B., Sahin U.A., (2012), Investigating of the particulate matter size and the relation of black smoke near traffic, Ekoloji, 21(83), 77-83.
  • Özdemir H., Borucu G., Demir G., Yiğit S., Ak N., (2010), Istanbul'daki çocuk oyun parklarında partikül madde (PM2,5 ve PM10) kirliliğinin incelenmesi, Ekoloji, 77, 72-79.
  • Özden Ö., Döğeroglu T., Kara S., (2008), Assessment of ambient air quality in Eskişehir, Turkey, Environment International, 34(5), 678-687.
  • TUIK, (2017), Transportation Statistics Values, Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK), http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=105, [Accessed 22 October 2018].
  • TUIK, (2018), Population and Development Indicators/General Census, Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK), http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ PreTablo.do?alt_id=1047, [Accessed 22 August 2018].
  • URL-1, (2017), Kayseri Ili 2016 Yılı Çevre Durum Raporu, Kayseri Valiliği Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/kayseri/menu/kayseri-cdr-2016_20180205015303.pdf, [Accessed 23 October 2018].
  • URL-2, (2018), Kayseri Haritaları, https://cbs.kayseri.bel.tr/kayseri-haritalari-indir, [Accessed 12 December 2018].
  • URL-3, (2018), Kayseri Ili 2017 Yılı Çevre Durum Raporu, Kayseri Valiliği Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/son-kayser--cdr-2017-rev-ze2-20180827143719.pdf, [Accessed 23 October 2018].
  • URL-4, (2015), 2014 Trafik ve Ulaşım Bilgileri, Otoyollar ve Devlet Yollarının Trafik Dilimlerine Göre Yıllık Ortalama Günlük Trafik Değerleri ve Ulaşım Bilgileri, Trafik Güvenliği Dairesi Başkanlığı Ulaşım Etütleri Şubesi Müdürlüğü, Haziran-2015, https://www.kgm.gov.tr/SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Istatistikler/TrafikveUlasimBilgileri/14TrafikUla%C5%9F%C4%B1mBilgileri.pdf, [Accessed 22 August 2019].
  • USGS, (2006), American Society for Testing and Materials, Classification of coal based on volatile matter and cooking power of clean material, Volume 05.06 Gaseous Fuels/coal and coke, USA, https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1625f/downloads/ChapterC.pdf, [Accessed 12 June 2018].
  • Winebrake J.J., Deaton M.L., (1999), Hazardous air pollution from mobile Sources: a comparison of alternative fuel and reformulated gasoline vehicles, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 49(5), 576-581.
  • Zhang J., Morawska L., (2002), Combustion Sources of Particles: 2. Emission Factors and Measurement Methods, Chemosphere, 49(9), 1059-1074.
  • Zhao Y., Nielsen C.P., Lei Y., McElroy M.F., Hao J., (2011), Quantifying the uncertainties of a bottom-Up emission inventory of anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants in China, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(5), 2295–2308.
  • Zheng J., Zhang L., Che W., Zheng Z., Yin S., (2009), A highly resolved temporal and spatial air pollutant emission inventory for the pearl river delta region, China and its uncertainty assessment, Atmospheric Environment, 43(32), 5112-5122.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevre Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Filiz Dadaşer Çelik 0000-0003-3623-7723

Şükrü Taner Azgın 0000-0002-1838-6285

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Ocak 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2019
Kabul Tarihi 12 Eylül 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Dadaşer Çelik, F., & Azgın, Ş. T. (2020). Forecasting of Primary Air Pollutions: Emission Inventory Sample from Turkey. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, 6(1), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.584889
AMA Dadaşer Çelik F, Azgın ŞT. Forecasting of Primary Air Pollutions: Emission Inventory Sample from Turkey. Doğ Afet Çev Derg. Ocak 2020;6(1):66-75. doi:10.21324/dacd.584889
Chicago Dadaşer Çelik, Filiz, ve Şükrü Taner Azgın. “Forecasting of Primary Air Pollutions: Emission Inventory Sample from Turkey”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi 6, sy. 1 (Ocak 2020): 66-75. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.584889.
EndNote Dadaşer Çelik F, Azgın ŞT (01 Ocak 2020) Forecasting of Primary Air Pollutions: Emission Inventory Sample from Turkey. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 6 1 66–75.
IEEE F. Dadaşer Çelik ve Ş. T. Azgın, “Forecasting of Primary Air Pollutions: Emission Inventory Sample from Turkey”, Doğ Afet Çev Derg, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 66–75, 2020, doi: 10.21324/dacd.584889.
ISNAD Dadaşer Çelik, Filiz - Azgın, Şükrü Taner. “Forecasting of Primary Air Pollutions: Emission Inventory Sample from Turkey”. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 6/1 (Ocak 2020), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.584889.
JAMA Dadaşer Çelik F, Azgın ŞT. Forecasting of Primary Air Pollutions: Emission Inventory Sample from Turkey. Doğ Afet Çev Derg. 2020;6:66–75.
MLA Dadaşer Çelik, Filiz ve Şükrü Taner Azgın. “Forecasting of Primary Air Pollutions: Emission Inventory Sample from Turkey”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 66-75, doi:10.21324/dacd.584889.
Vancouver Dadaşer Çelik F, Azgın ŞT. Forecasting of Primary Air Pollutions: Emission Inventory Sample from Turkey. Doğ Afet Çev Derg. 2020;6(1):66-75.

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 Kapak Resmi İndir

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