Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 240 - 257, 30.07.2023
Öz
As the effects of anthropogenic climate change, the frequency and severity of heat waves and drought are increasing day by day in many parts of the world. Droughts and heat waves are often interrelated disasters. Prolonged heat waves often cause drought to occur and/or exacerbate existing drought. These types of disasters cause great losses and damages especially in agricultural production. In this study; By examining the examples of drought and heat wave disasters in different parts of the world, the effects of these disaster types on agricultural production have been tried to be explained. Within the scope of this study, disaster reports, magazines, books and internet news were examined. According to the data obtained; It was determined that crop production, animal production, natural resources, human capital and economy were negatively affected. It has been observed that especially yield and product loss are experienced in cultivated products. It has been determined that there are situations such as a decrease in the yield of fresh grass in the pasture areas and the disappearance of the pasture areas. Losses in cultivated crops for forage crops and fresh grass in pasture areas cause an increase in feed prices and serious problems in feed supply. The increase in feed prices and the problems experienced in the supply of feed cause yield loss in animal products and a decrease in the number of animals fed. Economically, it has been determined that there are effects such as price increase, production cost increase, and decrease in exports.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Drought Drought and Agriculture Heat Waves Agricultural Production
Kaynakça
- Adams C.R., (2021), Impacts of temperature extremes, https://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/socasp/weather1/adams.html, [Erişim 11 Eylül 2021].
- Alexander L., (2015), Introduction to heatwave indices, https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/ccl/opace/opace4/meetings/ documents/fiji2015/D3-5-Alexander_heatwaves.pdf, [Erişim 9 Ocak 2021].
- ABS, (2021), Agricultural commodities, Australia, Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/industry/agriculture/agricultural-commodities-australia/latest-release, [Erişim 25 Eylül 2021].
- Bayraç H.N., Doğan E., (2016), Türkiye’de iklim değişikliğinin tarım sektörü üzerine etkileri, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 11(1), 23-48.
- Bölük E., Akçakaya A., Arabacı H., (2013), 2012 Temmuz ayında yaşanan sıcak hava dalgası, 6th Atmospheric Science Symposium – ATMOS 2013, 3-5 Haziran, İstanbul, ss.1-8.
- Brooke J., (2010), Russia's heat wave wilts crops, nation, https://www.voanews.com/a/russias-heat-wave-wilts-crops-nation-99125084/170115.html, [Erişim 19 Ağustos 2021].
- Chung U., Gbegbelegbe S., Shiferaw B., Robertson R., Yun J.I., Tesfaye K., Hoogenboom G. Sonder, K., (2014), Modeling the effect of a heat wave on maize production in the USA and its implications on food security in the developing world, Weather and Climate Extremes, 5, 67-77.
- COPA-COGECA, (2003), Assessment of the impact of the heat wave and drought of the summer 2003 on agriculture and forestry, Fact sheets of the Committee of Agricultural Organisations in the European Union and the General Committee for Agricultural Cooperation in the European Union, Reports, 14ss.
- Cullen H., Tebaldi C., (2010), Historical perspective on the Russian heat wave of 2010, https://www.climatecentral.org/blogs/ historical-perspective-on-the-russian-heat-wave-of-2010, [Erişim 19 Ağustos 2021].
- Dellal İ., (2012), Türkiye’de iklim değişikliğinin tarım ve gıda güvencesine etkileri, Türkiye’nin İklim Değişikliği II. Ulusal Bildiriminin Hazırlanması Projesi Yayını, Ankara, 34ss.
- Denchak M., (2018), Drought: everything you need to know, https://www.nrdc.org/stories/drought-everything-you-need-know, [Erişim 6 Şubat 2021].
- Devisti H., Motamed M.K., (2012), Environmental and socio-economic impacts of drought from the viewpoint of Guilan paddy farmers, north of Iran, Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 10(2), 227-235.
- Djurdjevic V., (2020), Drought initiative-republic of Serbia, https://www.unccd.int/sites/default/files/country_profile_documents/ NDP_SERBIA_2020.pdf, [Erişim 15 Aralık 2022].
- Duru S., Gül A., Hayran S., (2019), Türkiye’de buğday ve buğday mamulleri dış ticaret yapısı, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 552-564.
- EKOLOGOS, (2020), Fındık, iklim değişikliği ve çevresel etkiler, Türkiye Raporu, Kadıköy, İstanbul, 47ss.
- Erkan M.A., Kılıç G., Çamalan G., Güser Y., Çetin S., Odabaşı E., Soydam M., Akgündüz A.S., Eren O., Arabacı H., Eroğlu H., (2019), Meteorolojik afetler 2018 yılı değerlendirmesi, T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, 161ss.
- FAO, (2015), The impact of natural hazards and disasters on agriculture, food security and nutrition, Rome, Italy, 16ss.
- FAO, (2017), Drought characteristics and management in Central Asia and Turkey, FAO Water Report-44, Rome, Italy, 92ss.
- Fischer E.M., Schär C., (2010), Consistent geographical patterns of changes in high-impact European heatwaves, Nature Geoscience, 3(6), 398-403.
- GNMFE, (2021), Vulnerability and risk assessment and ıdentifying adaptation options summary for policy makers, Report- Summary for Policy Makers, Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment (GNMFE), Nepal, 158ss.
- Guha-Sapir D., Hoyois P., Wallemacq P., Below R., (2016), Annual disaster statistical review 2016: the numbers and trends, Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Brussels, Belgium, 80ss.
- Hatfield J.L., (2008), The effects of climate change on livestock production, https://www.thepigsite.com/articles/the-effects-of-climate-change-on-livestock-production, [Erişim 13 Eylül 2021].
- Hatfield-Dodds S., Hughes N., Cameron A., Miller M., Jackson T., (2021), Analysis of 2018 drought, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, https://www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/products/insights/2018-drought-analysis, [Erişim 28 Temmuz 2021].
- Hoyois P., Below R., Scheuren J.M., Guha-Sapir D., (2007), Annual disaster statistical review: numbers and trends, Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Brussels, Belgium, 55ss.
- Hughes N., Galeano D., Hatfield-Dodds S., (2019), The effects of drought and climate variability on Australian farms, ABARES Insights, doi: 10.25814/5de84714f6e08.
- IPCC, (2012), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation, A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, 582ss.
- Jadhav R., (2015), Indian chicken prices surge to record as heat wave kills millions of birds, https://www.reuters.com/article/india-heatwave-chicken-idUSL3N0YM0B920150601, [Erişim 13 Eylül 2021].
- Jahn M., (2015), Economics of extreme weather events: terminology and regional impact models, Weather and Climate Extremes, 10, 29-39.
- Kadıoğlu M., (2008), Kuraklık kıranı risk yönetimi, Afet Zararlarını Azaltmanın Temel İlkeleri’nin İçinde (Kadıoğlu M., Özdamar, E., Ed.), JICA Türkiye Ofisi Yayınları, Ankara, ss.277-300.
- Kadıoğlu M., (2011), Afet yönetimi beklenilmeyeni beklemek, en kötüsünü yönetmek, T.C. Marmara Belediyeler Birliği Yayını, Yayın No: 65, 219ss.
- Kadıoğlu M., (2017), Hidro-Meteorolojik Afetler, Temel Afet Bilgisi’nin İçinde (Tün M., Ed.), Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, Eskişehir, ss.65-97.
- Kapluhan E., (2013), Türkiye’de kuraklık ve kuraklığın tarıma etkisi, Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 27, 487-510.
- Keshavarz M., Karami E., Vanclay F., (2013), The social experience of drought in rural Iran, Land Use Policy, 30(1), 120-129.
- Kingwell R., White P., (2018), Argentina’s grains industry: implications for Australia, AEGIC-Argentina-Report_18_LR., South Perth, Western Australia, 78ss.
- Kurnaz L., (2014), Kuraklık ve Türkiye, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316190379_Kuraklik_ve_Turkiye, [Erişim 26 Ocak 2021].
- Lin Y., Deng X., Jin, O., (2013), Economic effects of drought on agriculture in north China, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 4(2), 59-67.
- Lioubimtseva E., Beurs K.M.D, Henebry G.M., (2013), Grain production trends in Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan in the context of the global climate variability and change, Climate Change And Water Resources’in İçinde (Younos T., Grady C.A., Ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, ss.121-141.
- Maslac T., (2012), Drought driven declines in Serbian crops increased food prices, GAİN Report Number: RB1209, Serbia, 3ss.
- McGregor G.R., Pelling M., Wolf T., Gosling S., (2007), The social impacts of heat waves, Science Report – SC20061/SR6, Aztec West Almondsbury, Bristol, 40ss.
- Mengü G.P., Anaç S., Özçakal E., (2011), Kuraklık yönetim stratejileri, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 48(2), 175-181.
- Mera G.A., (2018), Drought and its impacts in Ethiopia, Weather and Climate Extremes, 22, 24-35.
- Mutenga T., (2016), Zimbabwe: drought kills 22000 cattle, https://allafrica.com/stories/201603170373.html, [Erişim 27 Eylül 2021].
- Muthers S., Laschewski G., Matzarakis A., (2017), The summers 2003 and 2015 in south-west Germany: heat waves and heat-related mortality in the context of climate change, Atmosphere, 8(11), 224, doi:10.3390/atmos8110224.
- NDMC, (2021), The dust bowl, National Drought Mitigation Center, https://drought.unl.edu/dustbowl/Home.aspx, [Erişim 4 Kasım 2021].
- OCHA, (2000), United Nations technical mission on the drought situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran, UN Mission Report, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/F_R_138.pdf, [Erişim 17 Ekim 2021].
- OCHA, (2021), Kenya key message update: below-average crop harvests and livestock production heightens household food insecurity, https://reliefweb.int/report/kenya/kenya-key-message-update-below-average-crop-harvests-and-livestock-production-heightens, [Erişim 13 Ağustos 2021].
- Özey R., (2006), Afetler coğrafyası, Aktif Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 302ss.
- Pahlavanravi A., Miri A., Ahmadi H., Ekhtesasi M.R., (2012), The impacts of different kinds of dust storms in hot and dry climate, a case study in Sistan Region, Desert, 17(1), 15-25.
- Parker L.E., McElrone A.J., Ostoja S.M., Forrestel E.J., (2020), Extreme heat effects on perennial crops and strategies for sustaining future production, Plant Science, 295, 110397, doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110397.
- Paul B.K., (1998), Coping mechanisms practised by drought victims (1994/5) in North Bengal, Bangladesh, Applied Geography, 18(4), 355-373.
- Penney J., (2012), Adapting to climate change: challenges for Niagara, Climatechangerport, Niagara, 91ss. Perkins S.E., Alexander L.V., (2013), On the measurement of heat waves, Journal of Climate, 26(13), 4500-4517.
- Pezza A.B., Van Rensch P., Cai W., (2012), Severe heat waves in Southern Australia: synoptic climatology and large scale connections, Climate Dynamics, 38(1), 209-224.
- Pol M., Binyamin J., (2014), Impact of climate change and variability on wheat and corn production in Buenos Aires, Argentina, American Journal of Climate Change, 3, 145-152.
- Raza A., Razzaq A., Mehmood S.S., Zou X., Zhang X., Lv Y., Xu J., (2019), Impact of climate change on crops adaptation and strategies to tackle its outcome: a review, Plants, 8(2), 34, doi:10.3390/plants8020034.
- Salami H., Shahnooshi N., Thomson K.J., (2009), The economic impacts of drought on the economy of Iran: an integration of linear programming and macroeconometric modelling approaches, Ecological Economics, 68(4), 1032-1039.
- Sırdaş S., (2002), Meteorolojik kuraklık modellemesi ve Türkiye uygulaması, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
- Sivakumar M.V., (2005), Impacts of sand storms/dust storms on agriculture, Natural Disasters and Extreme Events in Agriculture’in İçinde, (Sivakumar M.V.K., Motha R.P., Das H.P., Ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, ss. 59-177.
- Sobel A.H., Tippett, M.K., (2018), Extreme events: trends and risk assessment methodologies, Resilience: The Science of Adaptation to Climate Change’in İçinde (Zommers Z., Alverson K., Ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands ss.3-12.
- Sowell, A., Swearingen B., (2021), Wheat production slashed for Russia and Canada, United States Department of Agriculture, Report Wheat Outlook, WHS-21h August 16, 2021, 14ss.
- Speranza C.I., Kiteme B., Wiesmann U., (2008), Droughts and famines: the underlying factors and the causal links among agro-pastoral households in semi-arid Makueni district, Kenya, Global Environmental Change, 18(1), 220-233.
- Steffen W., Dean A., Rice M., (2019), Weather gone wild: climate changefuelled extreme weather in 2018, Report, ISBN: 978-1-925573-85-5, 41ss.
- Stott P.A., Stone D.A., Allen M.R., (2004), Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003, Nature, 432(7017), 610-614.
- TEPGE, (2021), Tarım Ürünleri Piyasaları, Fındık, Ocak 2021, Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü, https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler/PDF Tarım Ürünleri Piyasaları/2021-Ocak Tarım Ürünleri Raporu/Fındık, Ocak 2021 Tarım Ürünleri Piyasa Raporu.pdf, [Erişim 25 Temmuz 2022].
- Taylor J.E., Charlton D., (2019), Farm labor and immigration policy, The Farm Labor Problem: A Global Perspective’in İçinde, (Taylor J.E., Charlton D., Ed.), Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, ss.121-154.
- TMO, (2017a), Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi 2016 yılı hububat sektör raporu, Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 60ss.
- TMO, (2017b), Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi 2016 yılı hububat raporu, Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 206ss.
- Uluata A.R., Yağanoğlu V., (2010), Süt sığırı barınaklarında çevre koşulları, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14, 217-225.
- UN ESCAP, (2018), United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Sand and dust storms in asia and the pacific: opportunities for regional cooperation and action, Report- ST/ESCAP/2837, Bangkok, 83ss.
- UN, (1994), United Nations convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa, https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=XXVII-10& chapter=27&clang=_en, [Erişim 26 Ocak 2021].
- URL-1, (2021), Two million animals lost to drought in Ethiopia-FAO, https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/4537/Two-Million-Animals-Lost-to-Drought-in-Ethiopia-FAO, [Erişim 10 Ağustos 2021].
- URL-2, (2018), Argentine farmers slammed by worst drought in years, https://nypost.com/2018/04/03/argentine-farmers-slammed-by-worst-drought-in-years/, [Erişim 29 Temmuz 2021].
- URL-3, (2019), A harbinger of things to come: farmers in Australia struggle with its hottest drought ever, Time Person of the Year, https://time.com/longform/australia-drought-photos, [Erişim 28 Temmuz 2021].
- URL-4, (2013), Süt verimini etkileyen faktörler, Isparta Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık İl Müdürlüğü, https://isparta.tarimorman.gov.tr/ Belgeler/Basılı Yayınlarımız/Lifletler/Süt Verimini Etkileyen Faktörler.pdf, [Erişim 25 Kasım 2021].
- URL-5, (2012), USDA gain: Serbia wheat and corn update December 2012, https://www.thecropsite.com/reports/?id=1358, [Erişim 13 Eylül 2021].
- URL-6, (2021), Wither away and die; US Pacific Northwest heat wave bakes wheat, fruit crops, https://www.thepigsite.com/news/2021/07/wither-away-and-die-us-pacific-northwest-heat-wave-bakes-wheat-fruit-crops, [Erişim 25 Ekim 2021].
- Vale M.M., Moura D.J., Nääs I.A., Pereira D.F., (2010), Characterization of heat waves affecting mortality rates of broilers between 29 days and market age, Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 12(4), 279-285.
- van der Velde M., Tubiello F.N., Vrieling A., Bouraoui F., (2012), Impacts of extreme weather on wheat and maize in France: evaluating regional crop simulations against observed data, Climatic Change, 113(3), 751-765.
- Vos, F., Rodriguez, J., Below, R., Guha-Sapir D., (2010), Annual disaster statistical review 2009: the numbers and trends, Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Brussels, Belgium, 38ss.
- VUM Rao, (2012), Impacts of climate change on Indian agriculture, https://cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/VUM-CSE-Delhi-16-11-12.pdf, [Erişim 11 Eylül 2021].
- Webb L., (2013), Impacts on agriculture, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 125(1/2), 24–30.
- Welton G., (2011), The impact of Russia’s 2010 grain export ban, Oxfam Research Reports, Russia, 32ss.
- Wilhite D.A., (1993), The enigma of drought, Drought Assessment, Management, and Planning: Theory and Case Studies’in İçinde, (Wilhite D.A, Ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, ss.1-11
- Wilhite D.A., Glantz M.H., (1987), Understanding: the drought phenomenon: the role of definitions, Planning for Drought: Toward a Reduction of Social Vulnerability’in İçinde, (Wilhite D.A., Easterling W.E., Wood D.A., Ed.), Westview Press, Boulder, CO, ss.11-27.
- Wu J., He B., Lü A., Zhou L., Liu M., Zhao L., (2011), Quantitative assessment and spatial characteristics analysis of agricultural drought vulnerability in China, Natural Hazards, 56(3), 785-801.
- Zou M., Yuan Y., (2010), China’s comprehensive disaster reduction, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 1(1), 24-32.
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 240 - 257, 30.07.2023
Öz
Antropojenik iklim değişikliğinin etkileri olarak, Dünya’nın birçok yerinde sıcak hava dalgalarının ve kuraklığın sıklığı ve şiddeti gün geçtikte artmaktadır. Kuraklık ve sıcak hava dalgaları genellikle birbiriyle bağlantılı afetlerdir. Uzun süreli sıcak hava dalgaları, genellikle kuraklığın oluşmasına ve/veya var olan kuraklığın şiddetinin artırmasına neden olur. Bu afet tipleri özellikle tarımsal üretimde büyük kayıp ve zararlara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Dünya’nın farklı bölgelerinde yaşanmış kuraklık ve sıcak hava dalgası afetlerinden örnekler incelenerek, bu afet tiplerinin tarımsal üretime etkileri açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında afet raporları, dergiler, kitaplar ve internet haberleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre; bitkisel üretim, hayvansal üretim, doğal kaynak, beşeri sermaye ve ekonominin olumsuz etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Ekili ürünlerde, özellikle verim ve ürün kaybının yaşandığı görülmüştür. Mera alanlarında taze ot veriminde azalma ve mera alanlarının yok olması gibi durumların yaşandığı belirlenmiştir. Yem bitkilerine yönelik ekili ürünlerde ve mera alanlarında taze otlarda yaşanan kayıplar, yem fiyatlarında artışa ve yem tedarikinde ciddi sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Yem fiyatlarındaki artış ve yem temininde yaşan sorunlar ise hayvansal ürünlerde verim kaybı ve beslenen hayvan sayısının azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Ekonomik olarak ise, fiyat artışı, üretim maliyeti artışı, ihracatta azalma gibi etkilerin yaşandığı belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kuraklık Kuraklık ve Tarım Sıcak Hava Dalgaları Tarımsal Üretim
Kaynakça
- Adams C.R., (2021), Impacts of temperature extremes, https://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/socasp/weather1/adams.html, [Erişim 11 Eylül 2021].
- Alexander L., (2015), Introduction to heatwave indices, https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/ccl/opace/opace4/meetings/ documents/fiji2015/D3-5-Alexander_heatwaves.pdf, [Erişim 9 Ocak 2021].
- ABS, (2021), Agricultural commodities, Australia, Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/industry/agriculture/agricultural-commodities-australia/latest-release, [Erişim 25 Eylül 2021].
- Bayraç H.N., Doğan E., (2016), Türkiye’de iklim değişikliğinin tarım sektörü üzerine etkileri, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 11(1), 23-48.
- Bölük E., Akçakaya A., Arabacı H., (2013), 2012 Temmuz ayında yaşanan sıcak hava dalgası, 6th Atmospheric Science Symposium – ATMOS 2013, 3-5 Haziran, İstanbul, ss.1-8.
- Brooke J., (2010), Russia's heat wave wilts crops, nation, https://www.voanews.com/a/russias-heat-wave-wilts-crops-nation-99125084/170115.html, [Erişim 19 Ağustos 2021].
- Chung U., Gbegbelegbe S., Shiferaw B., Robertson R., Yun J.I., Tesfaye K., Hoogenboom G. Sonder, K., (2014), Modeling the effect of a heat wave on maize production in the USA and its implications on food security in the developing world, Weather and Climate Extremes, 5, 67-77.
- COPA-COGECA, (2003), Assessment of the impact of the heat wave and drought of the summer 2003 on agriculture and forestry, Fact sheets of the Committee of Agricultural Organisations in the European Union and the General Committee for Agricultural Cooperation in the European Union, Reports, 14ss.
- Cullen H., Tebaldi C., (2010), Historical perspective on the Russian heat wave of 2010, https://www.climatecentral.org/blogs/ historical-perspective-on-the-russian-heat-wave-of-2010, [Erişim 19 Ağustos 2021].
- Dellal İ., (2012), Türkiye’de iklim değişikliğinin tarım ve gıda güvencesine etkileri, Türkiye’nin İklim Değişikliği II. Ulusal Bildiriminin Hazırlanması Projesi Yayını, Ankara, 34ss.
- Denchak M., (2018), Drought: everything you need to know, https://www.nrdc.org/stories/drought-everything-you-need-know, [Erişim 6 Şubat 2021].
- Devisti H., Motamed M.K., (2012), Environmental and socio-economic impacts of drought from the viewpoint of Guilan paddy farmers, north of Iran, Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 10(2), 227-235.
- Djurdjevic V., (2020), Drought initiative-republic of Serbia, https://www.unccd.int/sites/default/files/country_profile_documents/ NDP_SERBIA_2020.pdf, [Erişim 15 Aralık 2022].
- Duru S., Gül A., Hayran S., (2019), Türkiye’de buğday ve buğday mamulleri dış ticaret yapısı, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 552-564.
- EKOLOGOS, (2020), Fındık, iklim değişikliği ve çevresel etkiler, Türkiye Raporu, Kadıköy, İstanbul, 47ss.
- Erkan M.A., Kılıç G., Çamalan G., Güser Y., Çetin S., Odabaşı E., Soydam M., Akgündüz A.S., Eren O., Arabacı H., Eroğlu H., (2019), Meteorolojik afetler 2018 yılı değerlendirmesi, T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, 161ss.
- FAO, (2015), The impact of natural hazards and disasters on agriculture, food security and nutrition, Rome, Italy, 16ss.
- FAO, (2017), Drought characteristics and management in Central Asia and Turkey, FAO Water Report-44, Rome, Italy, 92ss.
- Fischer E.M., Schär C., (2010), Consistent geographical patterns of changes in high-impact European heatwaves, Nature Geoscience, 3(6), 398-403.
- GNMFE, (2021), Vulnerability and risk assessment and ıdentifying adaptation options summary for policy makers, Report- Summary for Policy Makers, Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment (GNMFE), Nepal, 158ss.
- Guha-Sapir D., Hoyois P., Wallemacq P., Below R., (2016), Annual disaster statistical review 2016: the numbers and trends, Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Brussels, Belgium, 80ss.
- Hatfield J.L., (2008), The effects of climate change on livestock production, https://www.thepigsite.com/articles/the-effects-of-climate-change-on-livestock-production, [Erişim 13 Eylül 2021].
- Hatfield-Dodds S., Hughes N., Cameron A., Miller M., Jackson T., (2021), Analysis of 2018 drought, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, https://www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/products/insights/2018-drought-analysis, [Erişim 28 Temmuz 2021].
- Hoyois P., Below R., Scheuren J.M., Guha-Sapir D., (2007), Annual disaster statistical review: numbers and trends, Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Brussels, Belgium, 55ss.
- Hughes N., Galeano D., Hatfield-Dodds S., (2019), The effects of drought and climate variability on Australian farms, ABARES Insights, doi: 10.25814/5de84714f6e08.
- IPCC, (2012), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation, A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, 582ss.
- Jadhav R., (2015), Indian chicken prices surge to record as heat wave kills millions of birds, https://www.reuters.com/article/india-heatwave-chicken-idUSL3N0YM0B920150601, [Erişim 13 Eylül 2021].
- Jahn M., (2015), Economics of extreme weather events: terminology and regional impact models, Weather and Climate Extremes, 10, 29-39.
- Kadıoğlu M., (2008), Kuraklık kıranı risk yönetimi, Afet Zararlarını Azaltmanın Temel İlkeleri’nin İçinde (Kadıoğlu M., Özdamar, E., Ed.), JICA Türkiye Ofisi Yayınları, Ankara, ss.277-300.
- Kadıoğlu M., (2011), Afet yönetimi beklenilmeyeni beklemek, en kötüsünü yönetmek, T.C. Marmara Belediyeler Birliği Yayını, Yayın No: 65, 219ss.
- Kadıoğlu M., (2017), Hidro-Meteorolojik Afetler, Temel Afet Bilgisi’nin İçinde (Tün M., Ed.), Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, Eskişehir, ss.65-97.
- Kapluhan E., (2013), Türkiye’de kuraklık ve kuraklığın tarıma etkisi, Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 27, 487-510.
- Keshavarz M., Karami E., Vanclay F., (2013), The social experience of drought in rural Iran, Land Use Policy, 30(1), 120-129.
- Kingwell R., White P., (2018), Argentina’s grains industry: implications for Australia, AEGIC-Argentina-Report_18_LR., South Perth, Western Australia, 78ss.
- Kurnaz L., (2014), Kuraklık ve Türkiye, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316190379_Kuraklik_ve_Turkiye, [Erişim 26 Ocak 2021].
- Lin Y., Deng X., Jin, O., (2013), Economic effects of drought on agriculture in north China, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 4(2), 59-67.
- Lioubimtseva E., Beurs K.M.D, Henebry G.M., (2013), Grain production trends in Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan in the context of the global climate variability and change, Climate Change And Water Resources’in İçinde (Younos T., Grady C.A., Ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, ss.121-141.
- Maslac T., (2012), Drought driven declines in Serbian crops increased food prices, GAİN Report Number: RB1209, Serbia, 3ss.
- McGregor G.R., Pelling M., Wolf T., Gosling S., (2007), The social impacts of heat waves, Science Report – SC20061/SR6, Aztec West Almondsbury, Bristol, 40ss.
- Mengü G.P., Anaç S., Özçakal E., (2011), Kuraklık yönetim stratejileri, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 48(2), 175-181.
- Mera G.A., (2018), Drought and its impacts in Ethiopia, Weather and Climate Extremes, 22, 24-35.
- Mutenga T., (2016), Zimbabwe: drought kills 22000 cattle, https://allafrica.com/stories/201603170373.html, [Erişim 27 Eylül 2021].
- Muthers S., Laschewski G., Matzarakis A., (2017), The summers 2003 and 2015 in south-west Germany: heat waves and heat-related mortality in the context of climate change, Atmosphere, 8(11), 224, doi:10.3390/atmos8110224.
- NDMC, (2021), The dust bowl, National Drought Mitigation Center, https://drought.unl.edu/dustbowl/Home.aspx, [Erişim 4 Kasım 2021].
- OCHA, (2000), United Nations technical mission on the drought situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran, UN Mission Report, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/F_R_138.pdf, [Erişim 17 Ekim 2021].
- OCHA, (2021), Kenya key message update: below-average crop harvests and livestock production heightens household food insecurity, https://reliefweb.int/report/kenya/kenya-key-message-update-below-average-crop-harvests-and-livestock-production-heightens, [Erişim 13 Ağustos 2021].
- Özey R., (2006), Afetler coğrafyası, Aktif Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 302ss.
- Pahlavanravi A., Miri A., Ahmadi H., Ekhtesasi M.R., (2012), The impacts of different kinds of dust storms in hot and dry climate, a case study in Sistan Region, Desert, 17(1), 15-25.
- Parker L.E., McElrone A.J., Ostoja S.M., Forrestel E.J., (2020), Extreme heat effects on perennial crops and strategies for sustaining future production, Plant Science, 295, 110397, doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110397.
- Paul B.K., (1998), Coping mechanisms practised by drought victims (1994/5) in North Bengal, Bangladesh, Applied Geography, 18(4), 355-373.
- Penney J., (2012), Adapting to climate change: challenges for Niagara, Climatechangerport, Niagara, 91ss. Perkins S.E., Alexander L.V., (2013), On the measurement of heat waves, Journal of Climate, 26(13), 4500-4517.
- Pezza A.B., Van Rensch P., Cai W., (2012), Severe heat waves in Southern Australia: synoptic climatology and large scale connections, Climate Dynamics, 38(1), 209-224.
- Pol M., Binyamin J., (2014), Impact of climate change and variability on wheat and corn production in Buenos Aires, Argentina, American Journal of Climate Change, 3, 145-152.
- Raza A., Razzaq A., Mehmood S.S., Zou X., Zhang X., Lv Y., Xu J., (2019), Impact of climate change on crops adaptation and strategies to tackle its outcome: a review, Plants, 8(2), 34, doi:10.3390/plants8020034.
- Salami H., Shahnooshi N., Thomson K.J., (2009), The economic impacts of drought on the economy of Iran: an integration of linear programming and macroeconometric modelling approaches, Ecological Economics, 68(4), 1032-1039.
- Sırdaş S., (2002), Meteorolojik kuraklık modellemesi ve Türkiye uygulaması, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
- Sivakumar M.V., (2005), Impacts of sand storms/dust storms on agriculture, Natural Disasters and Extreme Events in Agriculture’in İçinde, (Sivakumar M.V.K., Motha R.P., Das H.P., Ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, ss. 59-177.
- Sobel A.H., Tippett, M.K., (2018), Extreme events: trends and risk assessment methodologies, Resilience: The Science of Adaptation to Climate Change’in İçinde (Zommers Z., Alverson K., Ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands ss.3-12.
- Sowell, A., Swearingen B., (2021), Wheat production slashed for Russia and Canada, United States Department of Agriculture, Report Wheat Outlook, WHS-21h August 16, 2021, 14ss.
- Speranza C.I., Kiteme B., Wiesmann U., (2008), Droughts and famines: the underlying factors and the causal links among agro-pastoral households in semi-arid Makueni district, Kenya, Global Environmental Change, 18(1), 220-233.
- Steffen W., Dean A., Rice M., (2019), Weather gone wild: climate changefuelled extreme weather in 2018, Report, ISBN: 978-1-925573-85-5, 41ss.
- Stott P.A., Stone D.A., Allen M.R., (2004), Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003, Nature, 432(7017), 610-614.
- TEPGE, (2021), Tarım Ürünleri Piyasaları, Fındık, Ocak 2021, Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü, https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler/PDF Tarım Ürünleri Piyasaları/2021-Ocak Tarım Ürünleri Raporu/Fındık, Ocak 2021 Tarım Ürünleri Piyasa Raporu.pdf, [Erişim 25 Temmuz 2022].
- Taylor J.E., Charlton D., (2019), Farm labor and immigration policy, The Farm Labor Problem: A Global Perspective’in İçinde, (Taylor J.E., Charlton D., Ed.), Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, ss.121-154.
- TMO, (2017a), Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi 2016 yılı hububat sektör raporu, Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 60ss.
- TMO, (2017b), Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi 2016 yılı hububat raporu, Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 206ss.
- Uluata A.R., Yağanoğlu V., (2010), Süt sığırı barınaklarında çevre koşulları, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14, 217-225.
- UN ESCAP, (2018), United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Sand and dust storms in asia and the pacific: opportunities for regional cooperation and action, Report- ST/ESCAP/2837, Bangkok, 83ss.
- UN, (1994), United Nations convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa, https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=XXVII-10& chapter=27&clang=_en, [Erişim 26 Ocak 2021].
- URL-1, (2021), Two million animals lost to drought in Ethiopia-FAO, https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/4537/Two-Million-Animals-Lost-to-Drought-in-Ethiopia-FAO, [Erişim 10 Ağustos 2021].
- URL-2, (2018), Argentine farmers slammed by worst drought in years, https://nypost.com/2018/04/03/argentine-farmers-slammed-by-worst-drought-in-years/, [Erişim 29 Temmuz 2021].
- URL-3, (2019), A harbinger of things to come: farmers in Australia struggle with its hottest drought ever, Time Person of the Year, https://time.com/longform/australia-drought-photos, [Erişim 28 Temmuz 2021].
- URL-4, (2013), Süt verimini etkileyen faktörler, Isparta Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık İl Müdürlüğü, https://isparta.tarimorman.gov.tr/ Belgeler/Basılı Yayınlarımız/Lifletler/Süt Verimini Etkileyen Faktörler.pdf, [Erişim 25 Kasım 2021].
- URL-5, (2012), USDA gain: Serbia wheat and corn update December 2012, https://www.thecropsite.com/reports/?id=1358, [Erişim 13 Eylül 2021].
- URL-6, (2021), Wither away and die; US Pacific Northwest heat wave bakes wheat, fruit crops, https://www.thepigsite.com/news/2021/07/wither-away-and-die-us-pacific-northwest-heat-wave-bakes-wheat-fruit-crops, [Erişim 25 Ekim 2021].
- Vale M.M., Moura D.J., Nääs I.A., Pereira D.F., (2010), Characterization of heat waves affecting mortality rates of broilers between 29 days and market age, Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 12(4), 279-285.
- van der Velde M., Tubiello F.N., Vrieling A., Bouraoui F., (2012), Impacts of extreme weather on wheat and maize in France: evaluating regional crop simulations against observed data, Climatic Change, 113(3), 751-765.
- Vos, F., Rodriguez, J., Below, R., Guha-Sapir D., (2010), Annual disaster statistical review 2009: the numbers and trends, Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Brussels, Belgium, 38ss.
- VUM Rao, (2012), Impacts of climate change on Indian agriculture, https://cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/VUM-CSE-Delhi-16-11-12.pdf, [Erişim 11 Eylül 2021].
- Webb L., (2013), Impacts on agriculture, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 125(1/2), 24–30.
- Welton G., (2011), The impact of Russia’s 2010 grain export ban, Oxfam Research Reports, Russia, 32ss.
- Wilhite D.A., (1993), The enigma of drought, Drought Assessment, Management, and Planning: Theory and Case Studies’in İçinde, (Wilhite D.A, Ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, ss.1-11
- Wilhite D.A., Glantz M.H., (1987), Understanding: the drought phenomenon: the role of definitions, Planning for Drought: Toward a Reduction of Social Vulnerability’in İçinde, (Wilhite D.A., Easterling W.E., Wood D.A., Ed.), Westview Press, Boulder, CO, ss.11-27.
- Wu J., He B., Lü A., Zhou L., Liu M., Zhao L., (2011), Quantitative assessment and spatial characteristics analysis of agricultural drought vulnerability in China, Natural Hazards, 56(3), 785-801.
- Zou M., Yuan Y., (2010), China’s comprehensive disaster reduction, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 1(1), 24-32.
Toplam 85 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Çevre Bilimleri, İklim Değişikliği Etkileri ve Uyarlama (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Temmuz 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 17 Aralık 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 10 Mart 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2 |
Kaynak Göster
Cited By
Meteorolojik Kuraklığın Buğday Verimindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Kızılırmak Havzası Örneği
Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1598132
AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ANALYSIS BASED ON REMOTE SENSING: THE CASE OF AYDIN, TURKIYE
Turkish Journal of Forest Science
https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1508796
Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ile lisanlanmıştır.