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Müsilaj Oluşumu ve Ekolojisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 385 - 403, 30.07.2023

Ece Polat , Hülya Ünver , Mahmut Altınbaş

https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1240922

Öz

Müsilaj oluşumu, çeşitli biyolojik ve hidrolojik etkileşimleri içeren çok karmaşık bir olgudur. Müsilaj oluşumuna elverişli koşullar oşinografik değişimlerle gözlenebilirken, ortamda bulunan bakteriyel ve fitoplanktona dayalı aktiviteler de müsilaj oluşumunda etkin rol oynar. 17. yüzyıldan beri farklı denizlerde ve ekosistemlerde gözlenmiş müsilajın, mikrobiyal yapısı ve şekli de farklıdır. Bu durumu, müsilaj oluşumunun çoğunlukla taksona özgü olması ve kalınlığının ile dokusunun ise çevresel faktörlerden etkilenmesi ile açıklamak mümkündür. Müsilaj araştırmalarında baskın tür olarak çoğunlukla fitoplankterler karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Özellikle, ortamdaki yüksek organik madde miktarı ve nutrient miktarları, fitoplankton oluşumu ve mikroçevre oluşumunu tetiklemektedir ve suyun sıcaklık, akışkanlık, türbidite gibi bazı özellikleri müsilaj üretimini artırıcı etki göstermektedir. Bu derlemede, öncelikle çözünmüş organik madde (ÇOM) ve mikrobiyal popülasyonun agregat oluşturarak nasıl müsilaja dönüştüğünden bahsedilmiştir. Sonrasında, mikrobiyal ekoloji incelemelerinde müsilajın yapısında karşılaşılmış canlı grupları anlatılmıştır. Müsilaj bölgelerinde gözlenen baskın türler, vaka bilgileri ile detaylı olarak anlatıldıktan sonra, müsilaj oluşumu sonucu yaşamı olumsuz etkilenen canlılardan bazı örnekler verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Müsilaj Çevre Deniz Karı Mikrobiyal Ekoloji Fitoplankton

Kaynakça

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  • Aktan Y., Topaloğlu B., (2011), First record of Chrysophaeum taylorii Lewis & Bryan and their benthic mucilaginous aggregates in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean), Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 17(2), 159-170.
  • Alldredge A.L., Cowles T.J., MacIntyre S., Rines J.E.B., Donaghay P.L., Greenlaw C.F., Holliday D.V, Dekshenieks, M.M., Sullivan J.M., Zaneveld J.R.V., (2002), Occurrence and mechanisms of formation of a dramatic thin layer of marine snow in a shallow Pacific fjord, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 233, 1-12, doi: 10.3354/meps233001.
  • Arin L., Almeda R., Sampedro N., Reñé A., Blasco D., Calbet A., Camp J., Estrada M., (2014), Foam events due to a Phaeocystis bloom along the Catalan Coast (NW Mediterranean), Harmful Algae News, 27(48), 48-49.
  • Azam F., Funari E., (1999), Significance of bacteria in the mucilage phenomenon in the northern Adriatic Sea, Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 35(3), 411-419.
  • Baldi F., Minacci A., Saliot A., Mejanelle L., Mozetic P., Turk V., Malej A., (1997), Cell lysis and release of particulate polysaccharides in extensive marine mucilage assessed by lipid biomarkers and molecular probes, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 153, 45-57.
  • Balkis-Ozdelice, N., Durmuş, T., Balci, M., (2021), A preliminary study on the intense pelagic and benthic mucilage phenomenon observed in the sea of Marmara, International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 8(4), 414-422.
  • Blasi F., Delaria M., Caronni S., (2013), Prima segnalazione della microalga bentonica Chrysophaeum taylorii Lewis e Bryan lungo le coste laziali, Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 20(1), 120-121.
  • Bochdansky A.B., Clouse M.A., Herndl G.J., (2017), Eukaryotic microbes, principally fungi and labyrinthulomycetes, dominate biomass on bathypelagic marine snow, The ISME Journal, 11(2), 362-373.
  • Bongiorni L., Armeni M., Corinaldesi C., Dell’Anno A., Pusceddu A., Danovaro R., (2007), Viruses, prokaryotes and biochemical composition of organic matter in different types of mucilage aggregates, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 49(1), 15-23.
  • Cappiello A., Trufelli H., Famiglini G., Pierini E., Capellacci S., Penna A., Ricci F., Ingarao C., Penna N., (2007), Study on the oligosaccharides composition of the water-soluble fraction of marine mucilage by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, Water Research, 41(13), 2911-2920.
  • Caronni S., Bresciani A., Delaria M.A., Meloni F., Navone A., Panzalis P., Heimann K., Ceccherelli G., (2015), Ecology of the benthic mucilage-forming microalga Chrysophaeum taylorii in the W Mediterranean Sea: Substratum and depth preferences, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 161, 38-45.
  • Caronni S., Calabretti C., Cavagna G., Ceccherelli G., Delaria M.A., Macri G., Navone A., Panzalis P., (2017), The invasive microalga Chrysophaeum taylorii: Interactive stressors regulate cell density and mucilage production, Marine Environmental Research, 129, 156-165.
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  • Cozzi, S., Ivančić I., Catalano G., Djakovac T., Degobbis D., (2004). Dynamics of the oceanographic properties during mucilage appearance in the Northern Adriatic Sea: analysis of the 1997 event in comparison to earlier events, Journal of Marine Systems, 50(3-4), 223-241.
  • Danovaro R., Armeni M., Corinaldesi C., Mei M.L., (2003), Viruses and marine pollution, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46(3), 301–304.
  • Danovaro R., Armeni M., Luna G.M., Corinaldesi C., Dell’Anno A., Ferrari C.R., Fiordelmondo C., Gambi C., Gismondi M., Manini E., (2005), Exo-enzymatic activities and dissolved organic pools in relation with mucilage development in the Northern Adriatic Sea, Science of the Total Environment, 353(1-3), 189-203.
  • Danovaro R., Umani S.F., Pusceddu A., (2009), Climate change and the potential spreading of marine mucilage and microbial pathogens in the Mediterranean Sea, Plos One, 4(9), e7006, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007006.
  • Degobbis D., Malej A., Umani S. F., (1999), The mucilage phenomenon in the northern Adriatic Sea. A critical review of the present scientific hypotheses, Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanità, 35(3), 373-381.
  • De Philippis R., Faraloni C., Sili C., Vincenzini M., (2005), Populations of exopolysaccharide-producing cyanobacteria and diatoms in the mucilaginous benthic aggregates of the Tyrrhenian Sea (Tuscan Archipelago), Science of The Total Environment, 353(1-3), 360-368.
  • Del Negro P., Crevatin E., Larato C., Ferrari C., Totti C., Pompei M., Giani M., Berto D., Umani S.F., (2005), Mucilage microcosms, Science of the Total Environment, 353(1-3), 258-269.
  • Destan Öztürk İ., Mutlu S., Kaman G., Bayram Partal F., Demirtaş A., Çağlar S., Kuzyaka E., Altıok H., Ediger D., (2021), Vertical distribution of mucilage typology in the water column after a massive mucilage formation in the surface waters of the sea of Marmara, Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 27(2), 184-201.
  • Durmuş T., Balkıs-Ozdelice N., Taş S., Bayram Partal F., Balcı M., Dalyan C., Sarı M., (2022), New records for microalgae species of the Turkish seas under the effect of ıntense mucilage in the sea of Marmara, European Journal of Biology, 81(2), 144-162.
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Mucilage Formation and Ecology

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 385 - 403, 30.07.2023

Ece Polat , Hülya Ünver , Mahmut Altınbaş

https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1240922

Öz

Mucilage formation is a very complex phenomenon involving various biological and hydrological interactions. Mucilage is formed as a result of bacterial and phytoplankton-based activities in the environment. Oceanic shifts can provide an environment favorable for mucilage development; however, other factors also play a role in forming mucilage. Mucilage's microbiological structure and morphology, which have been studied in many waters and habitats since the 17th century, are also distinct. This is due to the fact that mucilage development is largely taxon-specific, and mucilage thickness and texture vary depending on environmental conditions. In mucilage studies, phytoplankton is the main component. A high level of organic matter and nutrients in the environment stimulates the formation of phytoplankton and the microenvironment. Furthermore, various water properties, such as temperature, fluidity, and so on, have an increasing effect on mucilage production. The purpose of this review is to describe how aggregates and mucilage are produced by dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microbial populations. Then, living groups discovered in the structure of mucilage during microbial ecology researches are discussed. Several examples of living organisms negatively affected by the development of mucilage were discussed following a detailed description of the dominant species observed in mucilage regions and case information.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mucilage Environment Marine Snow Microbial Ecology Phytoplankton

Kaynakça

  • Akcaalan R., Ozbayram E.G., Kaleli A., Cam A.O., Koker L., Albay M. (2023), Does environmental DNA reflect the actual phytoplankton diversity in the aquatic environment? case study of marine mucilage in the Sea of Marmara, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(28), 72821-72831.
  • Aktan Y., Topaloğlu B., (2011), First record of Chrysophaeum taylorii Lewis & Bryan and their benthic mucilaginous aggregates in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean), Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 17(2), 159-170.
  • Alldredge A.L., Cowles T.J., MacIntyre S., Rines J.E.B., Donaghay P.L., Greenlaw C.F., Holliday D.V, Dekshenieks, M.M., Sullivan J.M., Zaneveld J.R.V., (2002), Occurrence and mechanisms of formation of a dramatic thin layer of marine snow in a shallow Pacific fjord, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 233, 1-12, doi: 10.3354/meps233001.
  • Arin L., Almeda R., Sampedro N., Reñé A., Blasco D., Calbet A., Camp J., Estrada M., (2014), Foam events due to a Phaeocystis bloom along the Catalan Coast (NW Mediterranean), Harmful Algae News, 27(48), 48-49.
  • Azam F., Funari E., (1999), Significance of bacteria in the mucilage phenomenon in the northern Adriatic Sea, Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 35(3), 411-419.
  • Baldi F., Minacci A., Saliot A., Mejanelle L., Mozetic P., Turk V., Malej A., (1997), Cell lysis and release of particulate polysaccharides in extensive marine mucilage assessed by lipid biomarkers and molecular probes, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 153, 45-57.
  • Balkis-Ozdelice, N., Durmuş, T., Balci, M., (2021), A preliminary study on the intense pelagic and benthic mucilage phenomenon observed in the sea of Marmara, International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 8(4), 414-422.
  • Blasi F., Delaria M., Caronni S., (2013), Prima segnalazione della microalga bentonica Chrysophaeum taylorii Lewis e Bryan lungo le coste laziali, Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 20(1), 120-121.
  • Bochdansky A.B., Clouse M.A., Herndl G.J., (2017), Eukaryotic microbes, principally fungi and labyrinthulomycetes, dominate biomass on bathypelagic marine snow, The ISME Journal, 11(2), 362-373.
  • Bongiorni L., Armeni M., Corinaldesi C., Dell’Anno A., Pusceddu A., Danovaro R., (2007), Viruses, prokaryotes and biochemical composition of organic matter in different types of mucilage aggregates, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 49(1), 15-23.
  • Cappiello A., Trufelli H., Famiglini G., Pierini E., Capellacci S., Penna A., Ricci F., Ingarao C., Penna N., (2007), Study on the oligosaccharides composition of the water-soluble fraction of marine mucilage by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, Water Research, 41(13), 2911-2920.
  • Caronni S., Bresciani A., Delaria M.A., Meloni F., Navone A., Panzalis P., Heimann K., Ceccherelli G., (2015), Ecology of the benthic mucilage-forming microalga Chrysophaeum taylorii in the W Mediterranean Sea: Substratum and depth preferences, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 161, 38-45.
  • Caronni S., Calabretti C., Cavagna G., Ceccherelli G., Delaria M.A., Macri G., Navone A., Panzalis P., (2017), The invasive microalga Chrysophaeum taylorii: Interactive stressors regulate cell density and mucilage production, Marine Environmental Research, 129, 156-165.
  • Cozzi S., Cantoni C., Precali R., Degobbis D., Catalano, G., (2005), Relationship among hypoxia , mucilage events and circulation in the Northern Adriatic Sea, Science, 7, 08829.
  • Cozzi, S., Ivančić I., Catalano G., Djakovac T., Degobbis D., (2004). Dynamics of the oceanographic properties during mucilage appearance in the Northern Adriatic Sea: analysis of the 1997 event in comparison to earlier events, Journal of Marine Systems, 50(3-4), 223-241.
  • Danovaro R., Armeni M., Corinaldesi C., Mei M.L., (2003), Viruses and marine pollution, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46(3), 301–304.
  • Danovaro R., Armeni M., Luna G.M., Corinaldesi C., Dell’Anno A., Ferrari C.R., Fiordelmondo C., Gambi C., Gismondi M., Manini E., (2005), Exo-enzymatic activities and dissolved organic pools in relation with mucilage development in the Northern Adriatic Sea, Science of the Total Environment, 353(1-3), 189-203.
  • Danovaro R., Umani S.F., Pusceddu A., (2009), Climate change and the potential spreading of marine mucilage and microbial pathogens in the Mediterranean Sea, Plos One, 4(9), e7006, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007006.
  • Degobbis D., Malej A., Umani S. F., (1999), The mucilage phenomenon in the northern Adriatic Sea. A critical review of the present scientific hypotheses, Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanità, 35(3), 373-381.
  • De Philippis R., Faraloni C., Sili C., Vincenzini M., (2005), Populations of exopolysaccharide-producing cyanobacteria and diatoms in the mucilaginous benthic aggregates of the Tyrrhenian Sea (Tuscan Archipelago), Science of The Total Environment, 353(1-3), 360-368.
  • Del Negro P., Crevatin E., Larato C., Ferrari C., Totti C., Pompei M., Giani M., Berto D., Umani S.F., (2005), Mucilage microcosms, Science of the Total Environment, 353(1-3), 258-269.
  • Destan Öztürk İ., Mutlu S., Kaman G., Bayram Partal F., Demirtaş A., Çağlar S., Kuzyaka E., Altıok H., Ediger D., (2021), Vertical distribution of mucilage typology in the water column after a massive mucilage formation in the surface waters of the sea of Marmara, Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 27(2), 184-201.
  • Durmuş T., Balkıs-Ozdelice N., Taş S., Bayram Partal F., Balcı M., Dalyan C., Sarı M., (2022), New records for microalgae species of the Turkish seas under the effect of ıntense mucilage in the sea of Marmara, European Journal of Biology, 81(2), 144-162.
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  • Gregson B.H., McKew B.A., Holland R.D., Nedwed T.J., Prince R.C., McGenity T.J., (2021), Marine oil snow, a microbial perspective, Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 11, doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.619484.
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  • İşinibilir-Okyar M., Üstün F., Orun D.A., (2015), Changes in abundance and community structure of the zooplankton population during the 2008 mucilage event in the northeastern Marmara Sea, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39(1), 28-38.
  • Karadurmuş U., Sari M., (2022), Marine mucilage in the sea of Marmara and its effects on the marine ecosystem: mass deaths, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 46(1), 93-102.
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  • Manini E., Fiordelmondo C., Gambi C., Pusceddu A., Danovaro R., (2003), Benthic microbial loop functioning in coastal lagoons: a comparative approach, Oceanologica Acta, 26(1), 27-38.
  • Mecozzi M., Acquistucci R., Di Noto V., Pietrantonio E., Amici M., Cardarilli D., (2001), Characterization of mucilage aggregates in Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Sea: structure similarities between mucilage samples and the insoluble fractions of marine humic substance, Chemosphere, 44(4), 709-720.
  • Najdek M., Blažina M., Djakovac T., Kraus R., (2005), The role of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium in a mucilage event in the northern Adriatic Sea: Coupling with high salinity water intrusions, Journal of Plankton Research, 27(9), 851–862.
  • Özalp H.B., (2021), First massive mucilage event observed in deep waters of Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles), Turkey, Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 27(1), 49-66.
  • Pajdak-Stós A., Fiakowska E., Fyda J. (2001), Phormidium autumnale (Cyanobacteria) defense against three ciliate grazer species, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 23(3), 237-244.
  • Panizzuti F., Citterio S., Gentili R., Navone A., Panzalis P., Provera I., Caronni S., (2022), Microalgal characterization during a mucilaginous bloom on deep gorgonian forests of Tavolara Punta Coda Cavallo MPA, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 88, 161–165.
  • Passow U., (2000), Formation of transparent exopolymer particles, TEP, from dissolved precursor material, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 192, 1-11.
  • Penna A., Berluti S., Penna N., Magnani M., (1999), Influence of nutrient ratios on the in vitro extracellular polysaccharide production by marine diatoms from the Adriatic Sea, Journal of Plankton Research, 21, 1681-1690.
  • Piazzi L., Atzori F., Cadoni N., Cinti M.F., Frau F., Ceccherelli G., (2018), Benthic mucilage blooms threaten coralligenous reefs, Marine Environmental Research, 140, 145-151.
  • Pompei M., Mazziotti C., Guerrini F., Cangini M., Pigozzi S., Benzi M., Palamidesi S., Boni L., Pistocchi R., (2003), Correlation between the presence of Gonyaulax fragilis (Dinophyceae) and the mucilage phenomena of the Emilia-Romagna coast (northern Adriatic Sea), Harmful Algae, 2(4), 301-316.
  • Precali R., Giani M., Marini M., Grilli F., Ferrari C.R., Pečar O., Paschini E., (2005), Mucilaginous aggregates in the northern Adriatic in the period 1999-2002: typology and distribution, Science of the Total Environment, 353(1-3), 10-23.
  • Prosser J.I., Bohannan B.J.M., Curtis T.P., Ellis R.J., Firestone M.K., Freckleton R.P., Green J.L., Green L.E., Killham K., Lennon J.J., Osborn A.M., Solan M., van der Gast C.J., Young J.P.W., (2007), The role of ecological theory in microbial ecology, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 5(5), 384-392.
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  • URL-1, (2022), Harmful Algal Event Database (HAEDAT), http://haedat.iode.org, [Erişim 20 Ocak 2022].
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Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevre Bilimleri
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Ece Polat 0000-0001-7173-9126

Hülya Ünver 0000-0001-7662-7297

Mahmut Altınbaş 0000-0003-3946-741X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Ocak 2023
Kabul Tarihi 24 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Polat, E., Ünver, H., & Altınbaş, M. (2023). Müsilaj Oluşumu ve Ekolojisi. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, 9(2), 385-403. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1240922
AMA Polat E, Ünver H, Altınbaş M. Müsilaj Oluşumu ve Ekolojisi. Doğ Afet Çev Derg. Temmuz 2023;9(2):385-403. doi:10.21324/dacd.1240922
Chicago Polat, Ece, Hülya Ünver, ve Mahmut Altınbaş. “Müsilaj Oluşumu Ve Ekolojisi”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi 9, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2023): 385-403. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1240922.
EndNote Polat E, Ünver H, Altınbaş M (01 Temmuz 2023) Müsilaj Oluşumu ve Ekolojisi. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 9 2 385–403.
IEEE E. Polat, H. Ünver, ve M. Altınbaş, “Müsilaj Oluşumu ve Ekolojisi”, Doğ Afet Çev Derg, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 385–403, 2023, doi: 10.21324/dacd.1240922.
ISNAD Polat, Ece vd. “Müsilaj Oluşumu Ve Ekolojisi”. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 9/2 (Temmuz 2023), 385-403. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1240922.
JAMA Polat E, Ünver H, Altınbaş M. Müsilaj Oluşumu ve Ekolojisi. Doğ Afet Çev Derg. 2023;9:385–403.
MLA Polat, Ece vd. “Müsilaj Oluşumu Ve Ekolojisi”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 385-03, doi:10.21324/dacd.1240922.
Vancouver Polat E, Ünver H, Altınbaş M. Müsilaj Oluşumu ve Ekolojisi. Doğ Afet Çev Derg. 2023;9(2):385-403.
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