Öz
The act of bathing, a practice that has maintained its importance from the past to the present, has always been facilitated by bath structures. These structures, which were also of great importance for the Turks, reached their architectural peak during the revered Ottoman period. This study aims to comprehensively examine the architectural typologies of the Ottoman period bazaar baths in Bursa. The importance of this study lies in its contribution to the existing knowledge of Ottoman architecture, as it analyzes the architectural features of these historical buildings in detail. It also emphasizes the urgent need to preserve these buildings and transfer them to future generations as cultural heritage. The methods used in this study include literature review, field study, and comparative analysis. The literature review examined the general characteristics of Ottoman period baths, followed by a detailed analysis of the construction dates, spatial arrangement, and current use of the baths in Bursa. The findings reveal that the bath buildings in Bursa show an asymmetrical structure in terms of plan and mass characteristics, but there are differences in their spatial arrangement and usage patterns. In particular, it was determined that some of the baths preserved their architectural identity despite the loss of their original functions. The results of the study make important contributions to the literature in terms of identifying commonalities and differences between the architectural typologies of Ottoman baths and emphasize the critical importance of preserving these buildings for cultural sustainability and the continuity of historical heritage.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Architectural Typology Bazaar Bath Bath Interior Space Ottoman Period.
Etik Beyan
In this research, the necessary permissions were obtained from the relevant participants (individuals, institutions and organizations) during the survey, in-depth interview, focus group interview, observation or experiment.
Kaynakça
- Asatekin, G. (1978). The old bath in Ankara [Master’s Thesis, Middle East Technical University].
- Arseven, C. E. (1946). History of Turkish art from its origin to the present, architecture-sculpture-painting-ornament and decorative arts. National Education Printing House.
- Avşar, Z., & Avşar, S. (2016). The importance of baths in terms of communication as places of physical-spiritual cleansing in the historical course of existence and purification. Ideal City Journal, 9 (7), 628-658.
- Cook, J. M. (1959). Bath-tubs in Ancient Greece. Greece & Rome, 6 (1), 31 - 41.
- Demirdal, M. (2014). Mimar Sinan baths in Istanbul that have undergone a change of function: Ortaköy bath example [Master’s Thesis, Bahçeşehir University].
- Ertuğrul, A. (2009). Bath structures and literature. Journal of Turkish Studies Literature, 7 (13), 241-266.
- Eyice, S. (1960). An essay on the Great bath in Iznik and the baths of the Ottoman period. Journal of History, 11(15), 99-122.
- Eyice, S. (1997). ‘’Bath’’ Turkish Religious Foundation Islamic Encyclopedia 15. Turkish Religious Foundation.
- Gensheimer, M.B. (2018). Decoration and display in Rome’s imperial thermae: messages of power and their popular reception at the baths of Caracalla. Oxford University Press.
- Halaç, H. H, Kalak, M. & Yıldırım, Ö. C. (2018). Utilization status of Siverek historical bath buildings. Al-Farabi International Journal of Social Sciences, 1 (1), 54-74. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/farabi/issue/33998/372301
- Hırka, M. E. (2019). The relationship between hot water and space from past to present: the example of Bursa. [Master’s Thesis, Uludag University].
- Kaplan, D. (2021). The change of panhellenic sanctuaries; examples of festivals, baths, athletics and smintheion. Anatolia Magazine, 47, 137-173.
- Koren, L. (1996). Undesigning the bath. Stone Bridge Press.
- Kulak T. F. (2023). A double bath in Denizli: Germiyanoğlu (Vakiflar) bath. Idil, 101, 105-117. Doi: 10.7816/Idil12-101-09.
- Mısırlı, A., & Özgüven, B. H. (2020). Transformation of the city in the Byzantine period: the reuse of the baths and bath-gymnasium structures. Journal of Medieval Studies, 3 (2), 391-401.
- Önge, Y. (1998). General Information on Anatolian Turkish Baths and The Baths Built by Architect Koca Sinan. Mimarbaşı Koca Sinan, The Era He Lived In And His Works,C. I, Istanbul: General Directorate of Foundations Publications, 403-428.
- Peate, I., & Lane, J. (2015). Bed bathing: how good cleaning turns into Great care. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 9, 174-178. https://doi.org/10.12968/BJHA.2015.9.4.174
- Pekşen, S. (2015). A current overview of the Anatolian bathroom culture and equipment in terms of design. European Journal of Social Science Education and Research, 2 (2), 33-55. https://doi.org/10.26417/Ejser.V4i1.P120-137
- Ray, A. (2020). The psychological philosophy behind public baths in indus valley civilization. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 5 (3), 587-589. https://doi.org/10.22161/Ijels.53.4
- Şehitoğlu, E. (2000). Structural, environmental, functional problems and solution suggestions of Bursa baths [Master Thesis, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University].
- Şehitoğlu, E. (2008). Bursa baths. History Foundation Yurt Publications.
- Taşçıoğlu, T. (1998). Turkish Bath, (Ed. Ali Pasiner). Unilever Publishing House.
- Ülgen A. S. (1950). ‘’Bath’’, Islamic Encyclopedia 5. Ministry of National Education Publishing House.
- Yegül, F. (1992). Baths and bathing in classical antiquity. MA: MIT Press.
Öz
Yıkanma eylemi geçmişten günümüze önemini korumuştur. Eski dönemlerden itibaren yıkanma eylemini gerçekleştirmek üzere hamam yapıları inşa edilmiştir. Türkler için de önemli olan hamam yapıları mimari bağlamda doruk noktasına Osmanlı Dönemi’nde ulaşmıştır. Bu çalışma, Bursa'daki Osmanlı dönemi çarşı hamamlarının mimari tipolojilerini kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın önemi, bu tarihi yapıların mimari özelliklerinin detaylı bir şekilde analiz edilerek, Osmanlı mimarisine dair mevcut bilgi birikimine katkı sağlamasında yatmaktadır. Aynı zamanda, bu yapıların korunması ve kültürel miras olarak gelecek nesillere aktarılması gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan yöntemler arasında literatür taraması, alan çalışması ve karşılaştırmalı analiz yer almaktadır. Literatür taraması ile Osmanlı dönemi hamamlarının genel özellikleri incelenmiş, ardından Bursa'da yer alan hamamların yapım tarihleri, mekân dizilimleri ve günümüzdeki kullanım durumları detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır. Bulgular, Bursa’daki hamam yapılarının plan ve kütle özellikleri açısından asimetrik bir yapı gösterdiğini, ancak mekân dizilimlerinde ve kullanım biçimlerinde farklılıklar bulunduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle, bazı hamamların özgün işlevlerini yitirmiş olmalarına rağmen mimari kimliklerini korudukları saptanmıştır.Çalışmanın sonuçları, Osmanlı hamamlarının mimari tipolojileri arasında ortak ve farklı yönlerin belirlenmesi açısından literatüre önemli katkılar sunmakta ve bu yapıların korunmasının kültürel sürdürülebilirlik ve tarihî mirasın devamlılığı açısından kritik bir öneme sahip olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Asatekin, G. (1978). The old bath in Ankara [Master’s Thesis, Middle East Technical University].
- Arseven, C. E. (1946). History of Turkish art from its origin to the present, architecture-sculpture-painting-ornament and decorative arts. National Education Printing House.
- Avşar, Z., & Avşar, S. (2016). The importance of baths in terms of communication as places of physical-spiritual cleansing in the historical course of existence and purification. Ideal City Journal, 9 (7), 628-658.
- Cook, J. M. (1959). Bath-tubs in Ancient Greece. Greece & Rome, 6 (1), 31 - 41.
- Demirdal, M. (2014). Mimar Sinan baths in Istanbul that have undergone a change of function: Ortaköy bath example [Master’s Thesis, Bahçeşehir University].
- Ertuğrul, A. (2009). Bath structures and literature. Journal of Turkish Studies Literature, 7 (13), 241-266.
- Eyice, S. (1960). An essay on the Great bath in Iznik and the baths of the Ottoman period. Journal of History, 11(15), 99-122.
- Eyice, S. (1997). ‘’Bath’’ Turkish Religious Foundation Islamic Encyclopedia 15. Turkish Religious Foundation.
- Gensheimer, M.B. (2018). Decoration and display in Rome’s imperial thermae: messages of power and their popular reception at the baths of Caracalla. Oxford University Press.
- Halaç, H. H, Kalak, M. & Yıldırım, Ö. C. (2018). Utilization status of Siverek historical bath buildings. Al-Farabi International Journal of Social Sciences, 1 (1), 54-74. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/farabi/issue/33998/372301
- Hırka, M. E. (2019). The relationship between hot water and space from past to present: the example of Bursa. [Master’s Thesis, Uludag University].
- Kaplan, D. (2021). The change of panhellenic sanctuaries; examples of festivals, baths, athletics and smintheion. Anatolia Magazine, 47, 137-173.
- Koren, L. (1996). Undesigning the bath. Stone Bridge Press.
- Kulak T. F. (2023). A double bath in Denizli: Germiyanoğlu (Vakiflar) bath. Idil, 101, 105-117. Doi: 10.7816/Idil12-101-09.
- Mısırlı, A., & Özgüven, B. H. (2020). Transformation of the city in the Byzantine period: the reuse of the baths and bath-gymnasium structures. Journal of Medieval Studies, 3 (2), 391-401.
- Önge, Y. (1998). General Information on Anatolian Turkish Baths and The Baths Built by Architect Koca Sinan. Mimarbaşı Koca Sinan, The Era He Lived In And His Works,C. I, Istanbul: General Directorate of Foundations Publications, 403-428.
- Peate, I., & Lane, J. (2015). Bed bathing: how good cleaning turns into Great care. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 9, 174-178. https://doi.org/10.12968/BJHA.2015.9.4.174
- Pekşen, S. (2015). A current overview of the Anatolian bathroom culture and equipment in terms of design. European Journal of Social Science Education and Research, 2 (2), 33-55. https://doi.org/10.26417/Ejser.V4i1.P120-137
- Ray, A. (2020). The psychological philosophy behind public baths in indus valley civilization. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 5 (3), 587-589. https://doi.org/10.22161/Ijels.53.4
- Şehitoğlu, E. (2000). Structural, environmental, functional problems and solution suggestions of Bursa baths [Master Thesis, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University].
- Şehitoğlu, E. (2008). Bursa baths. History Foundation Yurt Publications.
- Taşçıoğlu, T. (1998). Turkish Bath, (Ed. Ali Pasiner). Unilever Publishing House.
- Ülgen A. S. (1950). ‘’Bath’’, Islamic Encyclopedia 5. Ministry of National Education Publishing House.
- Yegül, F. (1992). Baths and bathing in classical antiquity. MA: MIT Press.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | İç Mimarlık , Mimari Miras ve Koruma, Mimari Tarih, Teori ve Eleştiri |
| Bölüm | Research Articles |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 20 Mayıs 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 17 Eylül 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 13 Mart 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1 |
CREATIVE COMMONS
Open access articles in DEPARCH are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.