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SEX-TYPING OF GENDER IDENTITY: A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE TO K-POP IDOLS’ PORTRAYALS OF PERCEIVED MASCULINITY

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 605 - 632

Melisa Pirol , Cansu Arısoy Gedik

https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1512579

Öz

This study aims to investigate how individuals living in Turkey perceive masculinity through the external appearances of K-pop idols from a cultural perspective. A mixed-method approach was used for the research; qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. Initially, a survey was conducted to determine the participants’ perspectives on gender roles. Lastly in-depth interviews were conducted with two different groups selected from the survey participants to evaluate K-pop idols from a masculinity perspective and to understand the reflections of media discourses on society. Using Sandra Lipsitz Bem’s schema theory for determining gender roles, the participants’ approaches to gender roles were comparatively evaluated. As a result, contrary to media discourse, it was understood that the participants were not disturbed by the way K-pop idols reflected masculinity and did not think that they were dangerous to society. It was revealed that familiarity with K-pop music did not significantly affect the perception of gender identity compared to those who were not familiar with it. However, although the participants stated that they adopted an egalitarian gender approach, it was found that masculinity was evaluated within the framework of traditional roles.

Anahtar Kelimeler

K-pop Hallyu Gender Roles Masculinity Identity

Kaynakça

  • Akbaş, M. (2019). Çocuklar masum tehlike büyük. Yeni Şafak. Retrieved May 21 from https://www.yenisafak.com/hayat/cocuklar-masum-tehlike-buyuk-3448089
  • Anderson, C. S. (2014). That’s my man! Overlapping masculinities in Korean popular music. In The Korean wave: Korean popular culture in global context (pp. 117-131). Palgrave Macmillan US.
  • Arısoy, C., (2016). Turkish series: Products of popular culture and tools for inclusive globalization. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies. 6 (1), 130-142.
  • Bareket, O., & Fiske, S. T. (2025). Lost opportunities: How gendered arrangements harm men. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122 (5), e2320788122.
  • Barutçu, A. (2013). Türkiye'de erkeklik inşasının bedensel ve toplumsal aşamaları. (Master’s thesis). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological review, 88 (4), 354.
  • Binark, M. (2019). Kültürel diplomasi ve Kore dalgası “Hallyu”. Ankara: Siyasal Kitapevi.
  • Bozok, M. (2018). Türkiye’de ataerkillik, kapitalizm ve erkeklik ilişkilerinde biçimlenen babalık. Fe Dergi, 10 (2), 30-42.
  • Brod, H. (2018). The making of masculinities (Routledge Revivals): The New Men’s Studies. Routledge.
  • Cameron, D. (1997). Performing gender identity: Young men’s talk. In S. Johnson & U. H. Meinhof (Eds.), Language and Masculinity (pp. 8-26). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Chodorow, N. J. (2005). Gender on the modern-postmodern and classical-relational divide: Untangling history and epistemology. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 53 (4), 1097-1118.
  • Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities (Vol. 2). University of California Press.
  • Dengiz, R. (2022). K-Pop nedir, neden bu kadar tehlikeli? Uzmanlar uyarıyor... Haber 7. Retrieved April 20 from https://www.haber7.com/yasam/haber/3223363-k-pop-nedir-neden-bu-kadar-tehlikeli-uzmanlar-uyariyor
  • Dökmen, Z. Y. (1999). Bem cinsiyet rolü envanteri kadınsılık ve erkeksilik ölçekleri Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri. Kriz Dergisi, 7(1), 27-40.
  • Fiske, J. (1987). Television Culture. Routledge.
  • Fleming, P. J., Lee, J. G., & Dworkin, S. L. (2014). “Real men don’t”: Constructions of masculinity and inadvertent harm in public health interventions. American Journal of Public Health, 104 (6), 1029-1035.
  • Fuhr, M. (2016). K-Pop music and transnationalism. In Y. (Kim) (Ed.), Routledge handbook of Korean culture and society (pp. 283-296). Routledge.
  • Globalist, T. Y. (2007). The androgyny revolution. The Yale Globalist. Retrieved May 18 from https://globalist.yale.edu/in-the-magazine/theme/the-androgyny-revolution/
  • Gutmann, M. C. (1996). The meanings of macho: Being a man in Mexico City. University of California Press.
  • Gülseven, A. S. (2017). Türk aile hukukunda toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, (132), 183-230.
  • Hall, S. (1980). Encoding/Decoding. In S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Love, and P. Willis (Ed.), Culture, Media, Language, (pp. 117-127). London: Hutchinson.
  • Hammack, P. L., & Manago, A. M. (2024). The psychology of sexual and gender diversity in the 21st century: Social technologies and stories of authenticity. American Psychologist. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001366.
  • Hearn, J. (1993). Men in the public eye. Taylor & Francis.
  • Herdt, G. H. (1981). Guardians of the flutes. Idioms of masculinity. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Heywood, A. (2021). Political ideologies: An introduction. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Horkheimer, M., & Adorno, T. (2002). Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments. Standford University Press.
  • Jayanti, I. G. N., Wirawan, I. K. A., Susanthi, N. L., & Sujayanthi, N. W. M. (2022). Korean pop (K-pop) culture phenomenon on the behavior of Indonesian society. Journal of Art, Film, Television, Animation, Games and Technology, 1 (1), 44-50.
  • Jin, D. Y. (2016). New Korean Wave: Transnational Cultural Power in the Age of Social Media. University of Illinois Press.
  • Jung, S. (2011). Korean masculinities and transcultural consumption: Yonsama, Rain, Oldboy, K-pop idols. Hong Kong University Press.
  • Jung, S. (2013). K-pop beyond Asia: Performing trans-nationality, trans-sexuality, and trans-textuality. In Asian popular culture in transition (pp. 108-130). Routledge.
  • Kachel, S., Steffens, M. C., & Niedlich, C. (2016). Traditional masculinity and femininity: Validation of a new scale assessing gender roles. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/ARTN95610.3389/fpsyg.2016.00956
  • Kara, Z. (2012). Küresel cinsiyet yapılanmasından postmodern feminizme. Turgut Özal Ekonomi ve Siyaset Kongresi II, 1377-1390.
  • Keskin, A., & Binark, M. (2021). Türkiye'de k-pop karşıtı söylem ve k-pop hayranlarının taktiksel mücadelesi. Moment Dergi, 8 (1), 144-167.
  • Kızılırmak, B., Memiş, E., & Toksöz, G. (Mart 2022). Turkey’s gender equality performance from 2000 to 2019: A rights-based analysis via undp human development and gender development indices. CEİD Association for Gender Equality & UNDP Turkey, 1-92.
  • Kim, G. (2017). Korean Wave| Between hybridity and hegemony in k-pop’s global popularity: A case of “girls’ generation’s” American debut. International Journal of Communication, 11, 20.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (1987). Changing men: New directions in research on men and masculinity. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Kuo, L., Perez-Garcia, S., Burke, L., Yamasaki, V., & Le, T. (2022). Performance, fantasy, or narrative: LGBTQ+ Asian American identity through Kpop media and fandom. Journal of Homosexuality, 69 (1), 145-168.
  • Leung, S. (2012). Catching the k-pop wave: Globality in the production, distribution, and consumption of South Korean popular music. Senior Capstone Projects, 149, 1-85.
  • Lie, J. (2015). K-pop: Popular music, cultural amnesia, and economic innovation in South Korea. Duke University Press.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge (Vol. 10). Manchester University Press.
  • Mascia-Lees, F. E., & Black, N. J. (2016). Gender and anthropology. Waveland Press.
  • Moss-Racusin, C. A. (2014). Male backlash: Penalties for men who violate gender stereotypes. In Gender in organizations (pp. 247-269). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Oh, C. (2015). Queering spectatorship in k-pop: The androgynous male dancing body and western female fandom. Journal of Fandom Studies, 3 (1), 59-78.
  • Oh, I. (2009). Hallyu: The rise of transnational cultural consumers in China and Japan. Korea Observer, 40 (3), 425-459.
  • Özbay, C. (2013). Türkiye’de hegemonik erkekliği aramak. Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • Paksoy, M. (2019). Uzak Doğu'dan yayılan ‘K-Pop tehlikesi’. Anadolu Ajansı. Retrieved April 20 from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/yasam/uzak-dogudan-yayilan-k-pop-tehlikesi/1392110
  • Pal, K. K., Piaget, K., Zahidi, S., & Baller, S. (2024, June 11). Global Gender Gap 2024. World Economic Forum, 1-384.
  • Pleck, J. (1981). The myth of masculinity. The MIT Press.
  • Reeser, T. W. (2020). Concepts of masculinity and masculinity studies. In Configuring masculinity in theory and literary practice (pp. 11-38). Brill.
  • Rice, S., Oliffe, J., Seidler, Z., Borschmann, R., Pirkis, J., Reavley, N., & Patton, G. (2021). Gender norms and the mental health of boys and young men. The Lancet Public Health, 6(8), e541-e542.
  • Sabah. (2021). Gençleri cinsiyetsizliğe sürükleyen büyük tehlike: K-Pop! Sabah. Retrieved April 20 from https://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2021/09/14/gencleri-cinsiyetsizlige-surukleyen-tehlike-k-pop
  • Sancar, S. (2011). Erkeklik: İmkansız iktidar: Ailede, piyasada ve sokakta erkekler. Metis.
  • Sancar, S. (2014). Türk modernleşmesinin cinsiyeti: Erkekler devlet, kadınlar aile kurar. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Shapiro, J. (1981). Anthropology and the study of gender. Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 64 (4), 446-465.
  • Smith, S. V. (2021). BTS: The band that moves the economy. NPR. Retrieved May 15 from https://www.npr.org/2021/07/28/1021968141/bts-the-band-that-moves-the-economy
  • Song, K. Y., & Velding, V. (2020). Transnational masculinity in the eyes of local beholders? Young Americans’ perception of K-pop masculinities. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 28(1), 3-21.
  • Svendby, R. (2022). Mannsforskning. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved April 5 from https://snl.no/mannsforskning
  • Şahin, M. (2018). Türkiye'de erkekliğin dönüşümü: Eğitim, kültür, etkileşim. Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Şimşek, A., & Öner, R. V. (2015). Türkiye’de hegemonik erkeklik: Medyada ve hukukta izler, dönüşümler ve olasılıklar. Global Media Journal, 6 (11), 447-477.
  • Tekkas Kerman, K., & Betrus, P. (2019). What makes a man a “real man”?: Perspectives regarding masculinities and gender roles among young men in Turkey. Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 25 (4), 491-514.
  • Thorne, N., Yip, A. K. T., Bouman, W. P., Marshall, E., & Arcelus, J. (2019). The terminology of identities between, outside and beyond the gender binary–A systematic review. International Journal of Transgenderism, 20(2-3), 138-154.
  • Tiwari, K. (2019). Gender and popular culture: Identity constructions and representations. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Uray, N., & Burnaz, S. (2003). An analysis of the portrayal of gender roles in Turkish television advertisements. Sex roles, 48, 77-87.
  • Vargas Meza, X., & Park, H. W. (2015). Globalization of cultural products: a webometric analysis of Kpop in Spanish-speaking countries. Quality & Quantity, 49, 1345-1360.
  • Walby, S. (2005). Gender mainstreaming: Productive tensions in theory and practice. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 12 (3), 321-343.
  • West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1(2), 125-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243287001002002
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  • Zeyneloğlu, S. (2008). Ankara’da hemşirelik öğrenimi gören üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumları. (PhD thesis). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye
  • Zeyneloğlu, S., & Terzioğlu, F. (2011). Development and psychometric properties gender roles attitude scale. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 40 (40), 409-420.

CİNSİYET KİMLİĞİNİN TİPLEŞTİRİLMESİ: K-POP İDOLLERİNİN ALGILANAN ERKEKLİK TASVİRLERİNE KÜLTÜREL BİR BAKIŞ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 605 - 632

Melisa Pirol , Cansu Arısoy Gedik

https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1512579

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de yaşayan bireylerin, erkekliği K-pop idollerinin dış görünüşleri aracılığıyla nasıl algıladıklarını kültürel bir perspektifle incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma için karma yöntem kullanılmış, nitel ve nicel veriler elde edilmiştir. Öncelikli olarak katılımcıların toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine yönelik bakış açılarının belirlenmesi amacıyla anket uygulanmıştır. Sonrasında ise K-pop idollerinin erkeklik bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesi ve medya söylemlerinin toplum üzerindeki yansımalarının anlaşılması için anket katılımcıları içerisinden seçilen iki farklı grup ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sandra Lipsitz Bem’in toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla geliştirdiği şema kuramından yararlanılarak, katılımcıların toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin yaklaşımları karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak medya söylemlerinin aksine, K-pop idollerinin erkekliği yansıtma biçiminden rahatsızlık duyulmadığı ve toplum için tehlikeli olduğunun düşünülmediği anlaşılmıştır. K-pop müziğe yönelik aşinalığın, aşina olmayanlara kıyasla cinsiyet kimliğini algılamada etkili olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bununla birlikte katılımcılar eşitlikçi cinsiyet yaklaşımını benimsediklerini ifade etseler de erkekliğin geleneksel roller çerçevesinde değerlendirildiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toplumsal Cinsiyet Erkeklik Cinsiyet Kimliği

Kaynakça

  • Akbaş, M. (2019). Çocuklar masum tehlike büyük. Yeni Şafak. Retrieved May 21 from https://www.yenisafak.com/hayat/cocuklar-masum-tehlike-buyuk-3448089
  • Anderson, C. S. (2014). That’s my man! Overlapping masculinities in Korean popular music. In The Korean wave: Korean popular culture in global context (pp. 117-131). Palgrave Macmillan US.
  • Arısoy, C., (2016). Turkish series: Products of popular culture and tools for inclusive globalization. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies. 6 (1), 130-142.
  • Bareket, O., & Fiske, S. T. (2025). Lost opportunities: How gendered arrangements harm men. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122 (5), e2320788122.
  • Barutçu, A. (2013). Türkiye'de erkeklik inşasının bedensel ve toplumsal aşamaları. (Master’s thesis). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological review, 88 (4), 354.
  • Binark, M. (2019). Kültürel diplomasi ve Kore dalgası “Hallyu”. Ankara: Siyasal Kitapevi.
  • Bozok, M. (2018). Türkiye’de ataerkillik, kapitalizm ve erkeklik ilişkilerinde biçimlenen babalık. Fe Dergi, 10 (2), 30-42.
  • Brod, H. (2018). The making of masculinities (Routledge Revivals): The New Men’s Studies. Routledge.
  • Cameron, D. (1997). Performing gender identity: Young men’s talk. In S. Johnson & U. H. Meinhof (Eds.), Language and Masculinity (pp. 8-26). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Chodorow, N. J. (2005). Gender on the modern-postmodern and classical-relational divide: Untangling history and epistemology. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 53 (4), 1097-1118.
  • Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities (Vol. 2). University of California Press.
  • Dengiz, R. (2022). K-Pop nedir, neden bu kadar tehlikeli? Uzmanlar uyarıyor... Haber 7. Retrieved April 20 from https://www.haber7.com/yasam/haber/3223363-k-pop-nedir-neden-bu-kadar-tehlikeli-uzmanlar-uyariyor
  • Dökmen, Z. Y. (1999). Bem cinsiyet rolü envanteri kadınsılık ve erkeksilik ölçekleri Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri. Kriz Dergisi, 7(1), 27-40.
  • Fiske, J. (1987). Television Culture. Routledge.
  • Fleming, P. J., Lee, J. G., & Dworkin, S. L. (2014). “Real men don’t”: Constructions of masculinity and inadvertent harm in public health interventions. American Journal of Public Health, 104 (6), 1029-1035.
  • Fuhr, M. (2016). K-Pop music and transnationalism. In Y. (Kim) (Ed.), Routledge handbook of Korean culture and society (pp. 283-296). Routledge.
  • Globalist, T. Y. (2007). The androgyny revolution. The Yale Globalist. Retrieved May 18 from https://globalist.yale.edu/in-the-magazine/theme/the-androgyny-revolution/
  • Gutmann, M. C. (1996). The meanings of macho: Being a man in Mexico City. University of California Press.
  • Gülseven, A. S. (2017). Türk aile hukukunda toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, (132), 183-230.
  • Hall, S. (1980). Encoding/Decoding. In S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Love, and P. Willis (Ed.), Culture, Media, Language, (pp. 117-127). London: Hutchinson.
  • Hammack, P. L., & Manago, A. M. (2024). The psychology of sexual and gender diversity in the 21st century: Social technologies and stories of authenticity. American Psychologist. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001366.
  • Hearn, J. (1993). Men in the public eye. Taylor & Francis.
  • Herdt, G. H. (1981). Guardians of the flutes. Idioms of masculinity. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Heywood, A. (2021). Political ideologies: An introduction. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Horkheimer, M., & Adorno, T. (2002). Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments. Standford University Press.
  • Jayanti, I. G. N., Wirawan, I. K. A., Susanthi, N. L., & Sujayanthi, N. W. M. (2022). Korean pop (K-pop) culture phenomenon on the behavior of Indonesian society. Journal of Art, Film, Television, Animation, Games and Technology, 1 (1), 44-50.
  • Jin, D. Y. (2016). New Korean Wave: Transnational Cultural Power in the Age of Social Media. University of Illinois Press.
  • Jung, S. (2011). Korean masculinities and transcultural consumption: Yonsama, Rain, Oldboy, K-pop idols. Hong Kong University Press.
  • Jung, S. (2013). K-pop beyond Asia: Performing trans-nationality, trans-sexuality, and trans-textuality. In Asian popular culture in transition (pp. 108-130). Routledge.
  • Kachel, S., Steffens, M. C., & Niedlich, C. (2016). Traditional masculinity and femininity: Validation of a new scale assessing gender roles. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/ARTN95610.3389/fpsyg.2016.00956
  • Kara, Z. (2012). Küresel cinsiyet yapılanmasından postmodern feminizme. Turgut Özal Ekonomi ve Siyaset Kongresi II, 1377-1390.
  • Keskin, A., & Binark, M. (2021). Türkiye'de k-pop karşıtı söylem ve k-pop hayranlarının taktiksel mücadelesi. Moment Dergi, 8 (1), 144-167.
  • Kızılırmak, B., Memiş, E., & Toksöz, G. (Mart 2022). Turkey’s gender equality performance from 2000 to 2019: A rights-based analysis via undp human development and gender development indices. CEİD Association for Gender Equality & UNDP Turkey, 1-92.
  • Kim, G. (2017). Korean Wave| Between hybridity and hegemony in k-pop’s global popularity: A case of “girls’ generation’s” American debut. International Journal of Communication, 11, 20.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (1987). Changing men: New directions in research on men and masculinity. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Kuo, L., Perez-Garcia, S., Burke, L., Yamasaki, V., & Le, T. (2022). Performance, fantasy, or narrative: LGBTQ+ Asian American identity through Kpop media and fandom. Journal of Homosexuality, 69 (1), 145-168.
  • Leung, S. (2012). Catching the k-pop wave: Globality in the production, distribution, and consumption of South Korean popular music. Senior Capstone Projects, 149, 1-85.
  • Lie, J. (2015). K-pop: Popular music, cultural amnesia, and economic innovation in South Korea. Duke University Press.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge (Vol. 10). Manchester University Press.
  • Mascia-Lees, F. E., & Black, N. J. (2016). Gender and anthropology. Waveland Press.
  • Moss-Racusin, C. A. (2014). Male backlash: Penalties for men who violate gender stereotypes. In Gender in organizations (pp. 247-269). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Oh, C. (2015). Queering spectatorship in k-pop: The androgynous male dancing body and western female fandom. Journal of Fandom Studies, 3 (1), 59-78.
  • Oh, I. (2009). Hallyu: The rise of transnational cultural consumers in China and Japan. Korea Observer, 40 (3), 425-459.
  • Özbay, C. (2013). Türkiye’de hegemonik erkekliği aramak. Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • Paksoy, M. (2019). Uzak Doğu'dan yayılan ‘K-Pop tehlikesi’. Anadolu Ajansı. Retrieved April 20 from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/yasam/uzak-dogudan-yayilan-k-pop-tehlikesi/1392110
  • Pal, K. K., Piaget, K., Zahidi, S., & Baller, S. (2024, June 11). Global Gender Gap 2024. World Economic Forum, 1-384.
  • Pleck, J. (1981). The myth of masculinity. The MIT Press.
  • Reeser, T. W. (2020). Concepts of masculinity and masculinity studies. In Configuring masculinity in theory and literary practice (pp. 11-38). Brill.
  • Rice, S., Oliffe, J., Seidler, Z., Borschmann, R., Pirkis, J., Reavley, N., & Patton, G. (2021). Gender norms and the mental health of boys and young men. The Lancet Public Health, 6(8), e541-e542.
  • Sabah. (2021). Gençleri cinsiyetsizliğe sürükleyen büyük tehlike: K-Pop! Sabah. Retrieved April 20 from https://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2021/09/14/gencleri-cinsiyetsizlige-surukleyen-tehlike-k-pop
  • Sancar, S. (2011). Erkeklik: İmkansız iktidar: Ailede, piyasada ve sokakta erkekler. Metis.
  • Sancar, S. (2014). Türk modernleşmesinin cinsiyeti: Erkekler devlet, kadınlar aile kurar. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Shapiro, J. (1981). Anthropology and the study of gender. Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 64 (4), 446-465.
  • Smith, S. V. (2021). BTS: The band that moves the economy. NPR. Retrieved May 15 from https://www.npr.org/2021/07/28/1021968141/bts-the-band-that-moves-the-economy
  • Song, K. Y., & Velding, V. (2020). Transnational masculinity in the eyes of local beholders? Young Americans’ perception of K-pop masculinities. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 28(1), 3-21.
  • Svendby, R. (2022). Mannsforskning. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved April 5 from https://snl.no/mannsforskning
  • Şahin, M. (2018). Türkiye'de erkekliğin dönüşümü: Eğitim, kültür, etkileşim. Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Şimşek, A., & Öner, R. V. (2015). Türkiye’de hegemonik erkeklik: Medyada ve hukukta izler, dönüşümler ve olasılıklar. Global Media Journal, 6 (11), 447-477.
  • Tekkas Kerman, K., & Betrus, P. (2019). What makes a man a “real man”?: Perspectives regarding masculinities and gender roles among young men in Turkey. Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 25 (4), 491-514.
  • Thorne, N., Yip, A. K. T., Bouman, W. P., Marshall, E., & Arcelus, J. (2019). The terminology of identities between, outside and beyond the gender binary–A systematic review. International Journal of Transgenderism, 20(2-3), 138-154.
  • Tiwari, K. (2019). Gender and popular culture: Identity constructions and representations. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Uray, N., & Burnaz, S. (2003). An analysis of the portrayal of gender roles in Turkish television advertisements. Sex roles, 48, 77-87.
  • Vargas Meza, X., & Park, H. W. (2015). Globalization of cultural products: a webometric analysis of Kpop in Spanish-speaking countries. Quality & Quantity, 49, 1345-1360.
  • Walby, S. (2005). Gender mainstreaming: Productive tensions in theory and practice. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 12 (3), 321-343.
  • West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1(2), 125-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243287001002002
  • Williams, R. (1983). Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Oxford University Press.
  • Zeyneloğlu, S. (2008). Ankara’da hemşirelik öğrenimi gören üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumları. (PhD thesis). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye
  • Zeyneloğlu, S., & Terzioğlu, F. (2011). Development and psychometric properties gender roles attitude scale. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 40 (40), 409-420.
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kültürel çalışmalar (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Melisa Pirol 0000-0002-0343-5451

Cansu Arısoy Gedik 0000-0001-7231-8139

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 2 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 27 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Pirol, M., & Arısoy Gedik, C. (2025). SEX-TYPING OF GENDER IDENTITY: A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE TO K-POP IDOLS’ PORTRAYALS OF PERCEIVED MASCULINITY. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(2), 605-632. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1512579
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