Öz
Augustus’ legal regulations on birth, marriage and adultery, which he implemented with the Lulia laws in order to re-establish the moral structure of society, not only deeply affected the public roles of women in particular; they also led to women belonging to the imperial family occupying a central place in the representation of public morality. The role of women in society is also reflected in imperial sources, and the image of women is glorified within the framework of the concepts of chastity, purity, responsibility, fertility and matrona. However, it is seen that in the face of these virtues expected from women, “adultery” came to the forefront as a major crime in Roman society, and the punishment of this crime was considered a necessity for the establishment of social order. In line with the information obtained from literary and epigraphic sources reflecting this process, the study focuses on the roles expected of women in society and the trial processes of imperial women accused of adultery during the reign of Julius Claudius.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Aveline, J. (2004). The Death of Claudius. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 53(4), 453- 475.
- Bauman, R. A. (2024). Antik Roma’da Kadınlar ve Politika. (B. Okay, Çev.). İstanbul: Liberus Kitap.
- Bauman, R.A. (1996). Crime and Punishment in Ancient Rome. Routledge.
- Bélo, T . P . ( 2021). A grippina t he E lder a nd H er M ilitary A ttitude. Núcleo de Estudos Multidisciplinares de História Antiga e Medieval. Mythos, 4(1), 356-372.
- Benke, N. (2012). On the Roman father’s right to kill his adulterous daughter. The History of the Family, 17(3), 284-308.
- Berger, A. (1953). Adulterium. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law (s. 352). Philadelphia.
- Berger, A. (1953). Manus. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law (s. 577). Philadelphia.
- Berger, A. (1953). Stuprum. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law (s. 719). Philadelphia.
- Boatwright, M. T. (2021). Imperial Women of Rome, Power: Gender, Context. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Boatwright, M. T. (1991). The Imperial Women of t he E arly S econd C entury A . C. The American Journal of Philology, 112(4), 513-540.
- Brennan, P., Turner, M. ve Wright, N. L. (2007). Faces of Power. İmperial Portraiture on Roman Coins. Australia.
- Cimachowicz, K. (2021). Some Remarks on the Criminal Liability of Slaves Based on Lex Iulia de adulteriis coercendis. Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 30(2), 111-124.
- Cohen, Sarah T. (2008). Augustus, Julia and the Development of Exile “Ad Insulam”. The Classical Quarterly, 58(1), 206-217.
- Deline, T. L. (2009). Women in Criminal Trials in the Julio-Claudian Era. PhD. Diss., The University of British Columbia.
- Dixon, J. E. (2012). The Language Of Roman Adultery, PhD. Diss., The University of Manchester.
- Fantham, E. (2011). Roman Readings. Roman Response to Greek Literature from Plautus to Statius and Quintilian. Berlin and Boston: de Gruyter.
- Fantham, E. (2006). Julia Augusti, The Emperor’s Daughter. London and New York: Routledge.
- Gallivan, P. A. (1974). Suetonius and Chronology in the de vita Neronis. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 23(3), 297-318.
- Gillespie, C. (2020). Agrippina the Elder and the Memory of Augustus in Tacitus Annals. Classical World, 114(1), 59–84.
- Lentano, M. (2018). Roma'da Evlilik, Çocuklar, Akrabalık İlişkileri. (L. T. Basmacı, Çev.). U. Eco (Ed.). Antik Roma içinde (s. 285-292). İstanbul: Alfa Basım Yayım.
- Marshall, A. J. (1990). Women on Trial before the Roman Senate. EMC, 34, 333- 366.
- McGinn, T. A. J. ve Bruce, W. F. (2004). A Casebook On Roman Family Law. Oxford University Press.
- McGinn, T. A. J. (1998). Prostitution, Sexuality, and the Law in Ancient Rome. Oxford University Press.
- McGinn, T.A. J. (1991). Concubinage and the Lex Iulia on Adultery. Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-2014), 121, 335-375.
- Murgatroyd, P. (2008). Tacitus on the Death of Octavia. Greece & Rome, 55(2), 263-273.
- Pavon, P. (2023). Models of fortitudo feminae in Tacitus Annals: Agrippina the Elder, Epicharis and Boudicca. Araucaria, 25(54), 251-272.
- Richlin, A. (1981). Approaches to the Sources on Adultery at Rome. H.P. Foley (Ed.). Reflections of Women in Antiquity içinde (s. 379-404). Routledge.
- Shaw, R. (2023). Characters, Criminalisation and the Augustan Marriage Legislation. Law, Crime and History, 11, 30-51.
- Tamer, D. (2007). Augustus Çağında Cinsel Suçlar ve Lex Iulia De Adulteriis Coerdencis. İstanbul: Homer Kitabevi.
- Tamm, D. (1997). Roman Law and European Legal History. Denmark.
- Townend, G. B. (1962). The Trial of Aemilia Lepida in A.D. 20. Latomus, 21(3), 484-493.
- Varner, E. R. (2004). Mutilation and Transformation. Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture. Monumenta Graeca and Romana 10. Leiden: Brill.
- Varner, E. R. (2001). Portraits, Plots, and Politics: "Damnatio memoriae" and the Images of Imperial Women. Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, 46, 41-93.
- Wilinski, A. (1983). Roma Ceza Hukuku ve Ceza Hukukuna Bir Kuşbakışı. (B. Erdoğmuş, Çev.). Dicle Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 329-335.
- Wood, S. E. (2000). The Incredible, Vanishing Wives of Nero. Transformation and Tyranny içinde (s. 1-15). Atlanta: Emory University.
- Wood, S. (1988). Memoriae Agrippinae: Agrippina the Elder in Julio-
Öz
Augustus’un toplumun ahlaki yapısını yeniden tesis etme çabalarına yönelik olarak lulia kanunları ile gerçekleştirdiği doğum, evlilik ve zina alanındaki yasal düzenlemeleri, özellikle kadınların kamusal rollerini derinden etkilemekle kalmamış; aynı zamanda imparatorluk ailesine mensup kadınların da kamu ahlakının temsilinde merkezi bir yer işgal etmesine yol açmıştır. Kadının toplumdaki rolü, imparatorluk dönemi kaynaklarına da yansımış, kadın imgesi iffet, saflık, sorumluluk, doğurganlık ve matrona kavramları çerçevesinde yüceltilmiştir. Bununla birlikte kadınlardan beklenen bu erdemler karşısında “zina”nın Roma toplumunda büyük bir suç olarak ön plana çıktığı, bu suçun cezalandırmasının ise toplumsal düzenin oluşturulmasına yönelik bir zorunluluk olarak değerlendirildiği görülmektedir. Bu süreci yansıtan edebi ve epigrafik kaynaklardan elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda çalışma, toplumda kadınlardan beklenen rollere ve zina ile itham edilen Iulius Claudius dönemi imparatorluk kadınlarının yargılanma süreçlerine odaklanmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Aveline, J. (2004). The Death of Claudius. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 53(4), 453- 475.
- Bauman, R. A. (2024). Antik Roma’da Kadınlar ve Politika. (B. Okay, Çev.). İstanbul: Liberus Kitap.
- Bauman, R.A. (1996). Crime and Punishment in Ancient Rome. Routledge.
- Bélo, T . P . ( 2021). A grippina t he E lder a nd H er M ilitary A ttitude. Núcleo de Estudos Multidisciplinares de História Antiga e Medieval. Mythos, 4(1), 356-372.
- Benke, N. (2012). On the Roman father’s right to kill his adulterous daughter. The History of the Family, 17(3), 284-308.
- Berger, A. (1953). Adulterium. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law (s. 352). Philadelphia.
- Berger, A. (1953). Manus. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law (s. 577). Philadelphia.
- Berger, A. (1953). Stuprum. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law (s. 719). Philadelphia.
- Boatwright, M. T. (2021). Imperial Women of Rome, Power: Gender, Context. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Boatwright, M. T. (1991). The Imperial Women of t he E arly S econd C entury A . C. The American Journal of Philology, 112(4), 513-540.
- Brennan, P., Turner, M. ve Wright, N. L. (2007). Faces of Power. İmperial Portraiture on Roman Coins. Australia.
- Cimachowicz, K. (2021). Some Remarks on the Criminal Liability of Slaves Based on Lex Iulia de adulteriis coercendis. Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 30(2), 111-124.
- Cohen, Sarah T. (2008). Augustus, Julia and the Development of Exile “Ad Insulam”. The Classical Quarterly, 58(1), 206-217.
- Deline, T. L. (2009). Women in Criminal Trials in the Julio-Claudian Era. PhD. Diss., The University of British Columbia.
- Dixon, J. E. (2012). The Language Of Roman Adultery, PhD. Diss., The University of Manchester.
- Fantham, E. (2011). Roman Readings. Roman Response to Greek Literature from Plautus to Statius and Quintilian. Berlin and Boston: de Gruyter.
- Fantham, E. (2006). Julia Augusti, The Emperor’s Daughter. London and New York: Routledge.
- Gallivan, P. A. (1974). Suetonius and Chronology in the de vita Neronis. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 23(3), 297-318.
- Gillespie, C. (2020). Agrippina the Elder and the Memory of Augustus in Tacitus Annals. Classical World, 114(1), 59–84.
- Lentano, M. (2018). Roma'da Evlilik, Çocuklar, Akrabalık İlişkileri. (L. T. Basmacı, Çev.). U. Eco (Ed.). Antik Roma içinde (s. 285-292). İstanbul: Alfa Basım Yayım.
- Marshall, A. J. (1990). Women on Trial before the Roman Senate. EMC, 34, 333- 366.
- McGinn, T. A. J. ve Bruce, W. F. (2004). A Casebook On Roman Family Law. Oxford University Press.
- McGinn, T. A. J. (1998). Prostitution, Sexuality, and the Law in Ancient Rome. Oxford University Press.
- McGinn, T.A. J. (1991). Concubinage and the Lex Iulia on Adultery. Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-2014), 121, 335-375.
- Murgatroyd, P. (2008). Tacitus on the Death of Octavia. Greece & Rome, 55(2), 263-273.
- Pavon, P. (2023). Models of fortitudo feminae in Tacitus Annals: Agrippina the Elder, Epicharis and Boudicca. Araucaria, 25(54), 251-272.
- Richlin, A. (1981). Approaches to the Sources on Adultery at Rome. H.P. Foley (Ed.). Reflections of Women in Antiquity içinde (s. 379-404). Routledge.
- Shaw, R. (2023). Characters, Criminalisation and the Augustan Marriage Legislation. Law, Crime and History, 11, 30-51.
- Tamer, D. (2007). Augustus Çağında Cinsel Suçlar ve Lex Iulia De Adulteriis Coerdencis. İstanbul: Homer Kitabevi.
- Tamm, D. (1997). Roman Law and European Legal History. Denmark.
- Townend, G. B. (1962). The Trial of Aemilia Lepida in A.D. 20. Latomus, 21(3), 484-493.
- Varner, E. R. (2004). Mutilation and Transformation. Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture. Monumenta Graeca and Romana 10. Leiden: Brill.
- Varner, E. R. (2001). Portraits, Plots, and Politics: "Damnatio memoriae" and the Images of Imperial Women. Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, 46, 41-93.
- Wilinski, A. (1983). Roma Ceza Hukuku ve Ceza Hukukuna Bir Kuşbakışı. (B. Erdoğmuş, Çev.). Dicle Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 329-335.
- Wood, S. E. (2000). The Incredible, Vanishing Wives of Nero. Transformation and Tyranny içinde (s. 1-15). Atlanta: Emory University.
- Wood, S. (1988). Memoriae Agrippinae: Agrippina the Elder in Julio-
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Eski Yunan ve Roma Tarihi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Haziran 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 14 Şubat 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 8 Mayıs 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 65 Sayı: 1 |
Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası (CC BY 4.0) ile lisanslanmıştır.