Araştırma Makalesi
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Kadın Futbolcuların Eğitiminde Üç Değişken: Psikolojik Beceri, Zihinsel Enerji ve Cesaret Düzeyi İlişkisi / Three Variables in the Training of Female Soccer Players: The Relationship between Psychological Skills, Mental Energy and Courage

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 373 - 390, 28.02.2023

Ahmet İslam

https://doi.org/10.19160/e-ijer.1230389
Cited By: 7

Öz

Araştırmada, kadın futbolcuların eğitiminde atletik zihinsel enerjileri ve sporda cesaret düzeyleri ile arasındaki ilişkide futbolda psikolojik becerilerin aracılık etkisinin olup olmadığı belirlemek amacıyla özgün teorik bir model kurulmuş ve bu model de Sobel testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Alanyazına yeni bilgiler katmayı amaçlayan aracılık çözümlemeleri kuramsal araştırma niteliğindedir. Oluşturulan sobel test modelinde kadın futbolcuların sporda cesaret ölçeği bağımlı değişken, atletik zihinsel enerji ölçeği bağımsız değişken ve futbolda psikolojik beceriler ölçeği de aracı değişken olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya 2021-22 Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu’nun belirlediği kadın futbol liglerinde oynayan 307 kadın futbolcu katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, kişisel bilgiler formu, “Profesyonel Futbolcularda Psikolojik Beceriler Ölçeği-16 (SPSS-16)”, “Sporda Cesaret Ölçeği-31 (SCS-31)” ile “Atletik Zihinsel Enerji Ölçeği (AMES)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada kadın futbolcuların atletik zihinsel enerjilerinin onların psikolojik becerilerine etki düzeyleri, psikolojik beceri düzeylerinin onların cesaret düzeylerini nasıl etki ettiği, atletik zihinsel enerjileri onların cesaret düzeylerini yaptığı etkiyi ve son olarak da atletik zihinsel enerjileri onların psikolojik becerileri ile cesaretlerini arasında aracılık etkisine sebep olup olmadığı hipotezlerine çözüm aranmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, kadın futbolcuların atletik zihinsel enerjilerinin psikolojik beceri düzeylerini pozitif yönlü, psikolojik becerilerinin cesaret düzeylerini olumlu olarak, atletik zihinsel enerjileri onların cesaretleri olumlu yönde ve son olarak da kadın futbolcuların psikolojik becerileri onların cesaret ve atletik zihinsel enerjileri arasında tam aracılık etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma için önerilen teorik model doğrulanmıştır. Araştırma için önerilen teorik model edinilen verilerle kurulan üç farklı model ile değerlendirilmiş ve hipotezler ile de doğrulanmıştır. Kadın futbolcuların eğitiminde özellikle altyapılarda fiziksel eğitimin yanı sıra mental eğitim ile birlikte psikolojik ve zihinsel gelişimlerine dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir. Kadın futbolcuların cesur hareketler desteklenmeli, cesur davranışların onların müsabaka esnasındaki atletik zihinsel enerjileri ve psikolojik becerileri ile ilişkili uygulamalar yapılarak farkındalık düzeyleri artırılması önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sporcu eğitimi Atletik zihinsel enerji Futbolda psikolojik Beceri Sporda cesaret

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

yok

Kaynakça

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  • Castro-Sánchez, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Chacón-Cuberos, R., López-Gutiérrez, C. J., & Zafra-Santos, E. (2018). Emotional Intelligence, Motivational Climate and Levels of Anxiety in Athletes from Different Categories of Sports: Analysis through Structural Equations, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5), 894; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050894
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  • Fehnel, S. E., Bann, C. M., Hogue S. L., Kwong, W. J., & Mahajan, S. S. (2004). The development and psychometric evaluation of the Motivation and Energy Inventory (MEI), Quality of Life Research, 13(7), 1321-1336.
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Three Variables in the Training of Female Soccer Players: The Relationship between Psychological Skills, Mental Energy and Courage / Kadın Futbolcuların Eğitiminde Üç Değişken: Psikolojik Beceri, Zihinsel Enerji ve Cesaret Düzeyi İlişkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 373 - 390, 28.02.2023

Ahmet İslam

https://doi.org/10.19160/e-ijer.1230389
Cited By: 7

Öz

This study investigated whether psychological skills played a mediating role between athletic mental energy and sports courage in training female soccer players. The study developed an original theoretical model, which was tested using the Sobel test. Mediation analyses are theoretical research designs as they aim to add new information to the literature. In the Sobel test model, sports courage was the dependent variable, athletic mental energy was the independent variable, and soccer psychological skills were the mediating variable. The sample consisted of 307 female soccer players from the women's soccer leagues of the 2021-2022 Turkish Football Federation. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Soccer Psychological Skills Scale-16 (SPSS-16), the Sports Courage Scale-31 (SCS-31), and the Athletic Mental Energy Scale (AMES). This study sought answers to four hypotheses: (1) the effect of female soccer players' athletic mental energy on their psychological skills, (2) the effect of psychological skill levels on their courage levels, (3) The effect of athletic mental energy on their courage levels, and (4) the mediating effect of athletic mental energy between their psychological skills and their courage. Psychological skills affected athletic mental energy and courage positively. Athletic mental energy affected sports courage positively. Psychological skills played a mediating role between athletic mental energy and sports courage. The theoretical model was evaluated using three models and confirmed with hypotheses. Coaches and trainers should pay attention to the mental as well as physical aspects to train female soccer players. The results confirmed the theoretical model. Authorities should encourage female soccer players to engage in bold actions and inform them about the significance of athletic mental energy and psychological skills.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Athlete training Athletic mental energy sports courage Soccer psychological skill

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • Apitzsch, E. (2006). Collective collapse in team sports: A theoretical approach. In F Boen B. de Cuyper & J Opdenacker (Eds.), Current research topics in exercise and sport psychology in Europe (pp. 35–46). Leuven, Belgium: LannooCampus.
  • Avşar, Y., Balcı, A, T, Kocabaş, A., & Kunter, E. (May 2016). “Preservice Teachers' Critical Thinking Dispositions According to their Courage Levels." 15th International Classroom Education Symposium, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla.
  • Beckmann, J., & Elbe, A. M. (2015). Sport psychological interventions in competitive sports. Newcastle, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing,
  • Beckmann, J., & Nash, C. (2018). Sports coaching for lifelong development: A sustainable ambition? Manuscript, Technical University of Munich.
  • Burton, D. (1993). Goal setting in sport. In RN, Singer M, Murphey LK, Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology (pp. 467–491). New York, NY: Macmillan,
  • Chiou, S. S., Hsu, Y., Chiu, Y. H., Chou, C. C., Gill, D. L., & Lu, F. J. (2020). Seeking positive strengths in buffering athletes’ life stress–burnout relationship: themoderating roles of athletic mental energy, Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 3007.
  • Castro-Sánchez, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Chacón-Cuberos, R., López-Gutiérrez, C. J., & Zafra-Santos, E. (2018). Emotional Intelligence, Motivational Climate and Levels of Anxiety in Athletes from Different Categories of Sports: Analysis through Structural Equations, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5), 894; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050894
  • Chyzowych, W. (1990). The Official Soccer Book of The United States Soccer Federation, Tenth Printing, Chicogo: Rand McNally and Company, 234-235.
  • Cigrovski, V., Radman, I., Kunter, E., Ocic, M. & Ružic, L. (2018). Sport Courage, Worry and Fear in Relation to Success of Alpine Ski Learning, Sports, 6,(3),96,1-13.
  • Corlett, J. (1996). Virtue lost: courage in sport. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 23(1), 45-57.
  • Corlett, J. (2002). “Virtue lost: Courage in sport”. In A. Hollowchak (Ed.), Philosophy in sport (pp.454-465). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Cook, D. B., & Davis, J. M. (2006). Mental energy: defining the science, Nutrition reviews, 64(7), 1.
  • Cotterill, S. T., & Fransen, K., (2016). Athlete leadership in sport teams: Current understanding and future directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 9(1), 116–133.
  • Dammann, K. W., Bell, M., Kanter, M. & Berger, A. (2013). Effects of consumption of sucromalt, a slowly digestible carbohydrate, on mental and physical energy questionnaire responses, Nutritional Neuroscience, 16(2), 83-95.
  • Eklund, R. C., & Tenenbaum, G. (2014). Encyclopedia of sport and exercise psychology. Los Angeles, CA: Sage,
  • Fehnel, S. E., Bann, C. M., Hogue S. L., Kwong, W. J., & Mahajan, S. S. (2004). The development and psychometric evaluation of the Motivation and Energy Inventory (MEI), Quality of Life Research, 13(7), 1321-1336.
  • Freitas, S., Dias, C., & Fonseca, A. (2013). What do coaches think about psychological skills training in soccer? A study with coaches of elite Portuguese teams. International Journal of Sports Science, 3(3), 81–91.
  • Gledhill, A. & Harwood, C. (2014). Developmental experiences of elite female youth soccer players. Int. J. Sport Exerc., 12, 150–165,
  • Gledhill, A., & Harwood, C., (2015). A holistic perspective on career development in UK female soccer players: A negative case analysis. Psychol. Sport Exerc., 21, 65–77,
  • Gledhill, A., Harwood, C. & Forsdyke, D. (2017). Psychosocial factors associated with talent development in football: A systematic review. Psychol. Sport Exerc, 31, 93–112,
  • Günay, M., & Yüce, İ. A. (2001). Scientific Basics of Football Training. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi (Second Edition),
  • Güvendi, B., Türksoy, A., Güçlü, M., & Konter, E. (2018). (Investigation of courage levels and mental toughness of professional wrestlers. Internatıonal journal of sports exercıse & traınıng scıences, 4(2), 70-78.
  • Güvendi, B,. Güçlü, M,. & Türksoy Işım, A. (2020). Investigation of sport courage and mental resilience of American soccer players, Journal of Sport and Performance Research, 11(2), 132-140
  • Hays, K. F., & Smith, R. J. (1996). “Incorporating Sport and Exercise Psychology into Clinical Practice”, Exploring Sport and Exercise Psychology, Derl.: Van Raalte, J. L. Brewer, B.W. (Washington D.C: American Psychological Association), pp. 413-429.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). .Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Heaney, C. (2006). Physiotherapists’ perceptions of sport psychology interventions in Professional soccer. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1, 1–18.
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  • Karasar, N. (2008). Scientific research method. Ankara: Nobel Publication Distribution.
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  • Konter, E. (2002). Investigation of Psychological skills according to some variables in Professional Football. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Çukurova University Institute of Social Sciences Adana
  • Konter, E. (2004). Investigation of Psychological skills of Professional Football Players according to whether they are captains or not, Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (Gazi BESBD) IX, (1), 25-34
  • Konter, E. (2005-a). Investigation of Psychological skills of Professional Football Players According to Age Groups, Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (Gazi BESBD) X, (1), 17-24.
  • Konter, E. (2005-b). Investigation of Psychological skills of Professional Football Players according to their Positions. Turkish Journal of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, 3(23), 21-28
  • Konter, E. (2006). Psychological skills of professional soccer players according to their participation in national teams, Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(3), 79-86
  • Konter, E. (2009). “Development of A Soccer Psychological Skills Scale-16 (SPSS-16). Proceedings of the 14 th”. Personality, Motivation, Sport, National Sports Academy Sofia Bulgaria.
  • Konter, E., & Hankin, T. (2008). Multi-dimensional-interactional model of sport performance with the soccer example: A dialectical approach. XIIth Conference of Soccer and Tennis, National Sports Academy (pp. 34–51). Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Konter, E., & Johan. Y. Y, NG. (2012). Development of sport courage scale. Journal of human kinetics, 33,163-172.
  • Konter, E., & Toros, T. (2012). Courage of football players and their playing positions. Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, 4(4), 1997-2006.
  • Konter, E., Johan. Y. Y. NG, & Bayansalduz, M. (2013). Revised version of sport courage scale for children. Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, 1, 331-340.
  • Konter, E. (2013). Towards multidimensional-interactional model of sport courage, Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, 5(2), 957-968.
  • Konter, E. (2015-a). “Courage of association football players: Decision-making at risk”. 14th European Congress of Sport Psychology, Bern Switzerland.
  • Konter, E. (2015-b). “Courage and football performance in the face of negative and positive circumstances”. International Sport Sciences Research Congress-USBAK Çanakkale Turkey.
  • Konter, E. (2015-c). “Play and Sports Courage of 10-12 Year Old Children: School and Physical Education Lesson Success, Introversion-Extroversion Perception and Kindergarten Education”. International Sports Sciences Research Congress -USBAK Çanakkale.
  • Konter, E. (2017). Psychological skills of football players in relation to level of courage, individual and performance variables. 14th ISSP World Congress of Sport Psychology, 10–14 Seville Spain.
  • Konter, E., & Beckmann, J., (2019). “Courage in football, (part III)”, E. Konter, J. Beckmann, and Loughead (eds.). in: Football psychology: From theory to practice. (1nd Edition), (pp.38-49). London, England: Routledge,
  • Konter, E., Beckmann, J., & Mallett, C. J. (2019). “Psychological skills for performance development, (part XIV)”, E. Konter, J. Beckmann, and Loughead (eds.). in: Football psychology: From theory to practice. (1nd Edition), (pp.179-197). London England: Routledge.
  • Konter, E. (2021-a). Sport courage in relation to depression-anxiety-stress, self-confidence, self-control and self-management, psychological vulnerability, and sport performance, 15th World Congress of the International Society of Sports Psychology-ISSP 30-October 4, Taipei Taiwan.
  • Konter, E., (2021-b). Children sport courage in relation to anger and selected individual, sport, health, and success variables, 15th World Congress of the International Society of Sports Psychology-ISSP 30-October 4 Taipei Taiwan
  • Konter, E., Gledhill, A., Kueh, Y. C.., & Kuan, G., (2022). Understanding the Relationship between Sport Courage and Female Soccer Performance Variables. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health (MDPI) 19(8), 4654, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084654 WOS:000785488800001
  • Küçük, V., (2009). Talent Hunt in Soccer, (1st Edition), Istanbul: TFF-FGM Football Education Publications, 44-45
  • Lieberman, H. R. (2007). (Cognitive methods for assessing mental energy. Nutritional Neuroscience, 10(5-6), 229-242.
  • Lopez, S. J. (2007). Profiling courage: Introduction to the special issue on courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 79-79.
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  • Lu, F. J., Gill, D. L., Yang, C., Lee, P. F., Chiu, Y. H., Hsu, Y. W., & Kuan, G. (2018). Measuring athletic mental energy (AME): instrument development and validation, Frontiers In Psychology, 9, 2363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02363
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  • Myers, C. S. (1923). The conception of nervous and mental energy (III). British Journal of Psychology, 14(2), 148.
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  • Önver, M. (2002). “Development of Women's Football in the World and Turkey and Psycho-Social Dimension of Women's Football in Turkey” Unpublished Master's Thesis, Dumlupınar University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Physical Education and Sports Kütahya.
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  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Measurement of Attitudes and Data Analysis with SPSS, (5th Edition), Ankara: Nobel Publishing,
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  • Yıldız, A. B., Yarayan, Y. E., Yılmaz, B., ve Kuan, G. (2020). Adaptation of the athletic mental energy scale to the Turkish language and investigation of its psychometric properties. (Spormetre) The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(3), 108-119. doi: 10.33689/spormetre.684587
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  • Wang Bin, (2015). bda: Density Estimation for Grouped Data. R Package Version 5.1.6. Comprehensive R Archive Network, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bda.
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Sayı Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ahmet İslam 0000-0001-6735-1583

Proje Numarası yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA İslam, A. (2023). Three Variables in the Training of Female Soccer Players: The Relationship between Psychological Skills, Mental Energy and Courage / Kadın Futbolcuların Eğitiminde Üç Değişken: Psikolojik Beceri, Zihinsel Enerji ve Cesaret Düzeyi İlişkisi. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 373-390. https://doi.org/10.19160/e-ijer.1230389

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editor@e-ijer.com        http://www.e-ijer.com       Adres: Ege Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi  Bornova/İzmir