Beyazlatıcı Özellikli Diş Macunlarının Yeni Nesil Akışkan Rezin Kompozitlerin Yüzey Özelliklerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Cansu Merve Karaltı; Gülçin Bilgin Göçmen; Elif Alkan; Dilek Tağtekin

doi:10.29228/erd.92

Araştırma Makalesi

Evaluation of The Effects of Whitening Toothpastes on the Surface Properties of New Generation Flowable Composite Resins

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 39 - 47, 30.04.2025

Cansu Merve Karaltı , Gülçin Bilgin Göçmen , Elif Alkan , Dilek Tağtekin

https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.92

Öz

Objective: This in vitro study aims to investigate the effects of brushing with whitening toothpaste on the surface properties of new-generation flowable composites with high filler content.
Materials and Methods: Three high-filler flowable composites GC Gaenial Injectable Flow, Kuraray Clearfil Majesty Flow, and Tokuyama Omnichroma Flow, One Shade were investigated. Ninety disc-shaped specimens (8 mm in diameter) were fabricated and polymerized (Valo Grand, Ultradent, USA). Specimens underwent finishing and polishing using a disc-based system (Sof-Lex Discs, 3M ESPE, USA) and a diamond polishing kit (Sof-Lex, 3M ESPE, USA). A force-controlled brushing simulator equipped with a pressure sensor performed 5,000 brushing cycles to simulate six months of brushing. Brushing was conducted using a whitening toothpaste (R.O.C.S. Active Calcium Whitening, DRC Group, Switzerland), a regular toothpaste (Sensodyne Pronamel Daily Protection, GSK, UK), and distilled water (toothpaste/water ratio: 1:2, per EN ISO 14569-2007). Surface roughness, microhardness, and SEM analyses were performed before and after brushing. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS v29.
Results: Surface roughness and microhardness were significantly influenced by both the toothpaste type and composite material. The R.O.C.S. group exhibited the highest increase in surface roughness (p<0.001) and a significant reduction in microhardness (p=0.041). GC Gaenial Universal Injectable Flow demonstrated the smoothest surface, while Kuraray Clearfil Majesty Flow exhibited the highest microhardness.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that the surface properties of flowable composites are significantly affected by toothpaste RDA values. High-RDA toothpaste led to increased surface roughness and a marked reduction in microhardness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Flowable composite resin, Microhardness, Surface Roughness, Tooth brushing, Whitening toothpaste

Kaynakça

1. AlAli M, Silikas N, Satterthwaite J. The effects of toothbrush wear on the surface roughness and gloss of resin composites with various types of matrices. Dent J (Basel). 2021;9(1):8.
2. Amaechi BT, AbdulAzees PA, Okoye LO, Meyer F, Enax J. Comparison of hydroxyapatite and fluoride oral care gels for remineralization of initial caries: a pH-cycling study. BDJ Open. 2020;6:9.
3. Antonson SA, Yazici AR, Kilinc E, Antonson DE, Hardigan PC. Comparison of different finishing/polishing systems on surface roughness and gloss of resin composites. J Dent. 2011;39 Suppl 1:e9–e17.
4. Arisu HD, Uçtasli MB, Eligüzeloglu E, Ozcan S, Omürlü H. The effect of occlusal loading on the microleakage of class V restorations. Oper Dent. 2008;33(2):135–141.
5. Atalı P, Öksüz M, Topbaşı F. Fırçalamanın ve beyazlatıcılı diş macunlarının kompozitlerin yüzey özelliklerine etkisi. Atatürk Univ Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;24(1):22–32.
6. Bolay S, Cakir FY, Gurgan S. Effects of toothbrushing with fluoride abrasive and whitening dentifrices on both unbleached and bleached human enamel surface in terms of roughness and hardness: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2012;13(5):584–589.
7. Bollen CM, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: a review of the literature. Dent Mater. 1997;13(4):258–269.
8. Cilli R, de Mattos MC, Honorio HM, Rios D, de Araujo PA, Prakki A. The role of surface sealants in the roughness of composites after a simulated toothbrushing test. J Dent. 2009;37(12):970–977. 9. Dos Santos JH, Silva NL, Gomes MG, Paschoal MA, Gomes IA. Whitening toothpastes effect on nanoparticle resin composite roughness after a brushing challenge: an in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2019;11(4):e334–e339. 10. Enax J, Meyer F, Schulze Zur Wiesche E, Fuhrmann IC, Fabritius HO. Toothpaste abrasion and abrasive particle content: correlating high-resolution profilometric analysis with relative dentin abrasivity (RDA). Dent J (Basel). 2023;11(3):79.
11. Epple M, Meyer F, Enax J. A critical review of modern concepts for teeth whitening. Dent J (Basel). 2019;7(3):79.
12. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–191.
13. González-Cabezas C, Hara AT, Hefferren J, Lippert F. Abrasivity testing of dentifrices - challenges and current state of the art. Monogr Oral Sci. 2013;23:100–107.
14. Grabenstetter RJ, Broge RW, Jackson FL, Radike AW. The measurement of the abrasion of human teeth by dentifrice abrasives: a test utilizing radioactive teeth. J Dent Res. 1958;37(6):1060–1068.
15. Heintze SD, Forjanic M, Ohmiti K, Rousson V. Surface deterioration of dental materials after simulated toothbrushing in relation to brushing time and load. Dent Mater. 2010;26(4):306–319.
16. Heintze SD, Forjanic M, Rousson V. Surface roughness and gloss of dental materials as a function of force and polishing time in vitro. Dent Mater. 2006;22(2):146–165.
17. Hepdeniz ÖK, Kelten ÖS, Gürdal O. Cam iyonomer içerikli dört farklı restoratif materyalin yüzey pürüzlülüklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Sdü Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;10(1):13–17.
18. Jones CS, Billington RW, Pearson GJ. The in vivo perception of roughness of restorations. Br Dent J. 2004;196(1):42–31.
19. Kamonkhantikul K, Arksornnukit M, Takahashi H, Kanehira M, Finger WJ. Polishing and toothbrushing alters the surface roughness and gloss of composite resins. Dent Mater J. 2014;33(5):599–606.
20. Kitasako Y, Sadr A, Burrow MF, Tagami J. Thirty-six month clinical evaluation of a highly filled flowable composite for direct posterior restorations. Aust Dent J. 2016;61(3):366–373.
21. Komandla DR, Acharya SR, Pentapati KC. Comparative evaluation of surface roughness of resin-modified glass ionomer and glass hybrid restorative materials simulated by tooth brushing: An in-vitro study. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr. 2021;21.
22. Lu H, Lee YK, Oguri M, Powers JM. Properties of a dental resin composite with a spherical inorganic filler. Oper Dent. 2006;31(6):734–740.
23. Malavasi CV, Macedo EM, Souza KC, Rego GF, Schneider LF, Cavalcante LM. Surface texture and optical properties of self-adhering composite materials after toothbrush abrasion. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2015;16(10):775–782.
24. Malkondu Ö, Yurdagüven H, Say EC, Kazazoğlu E, Soyman M. Effect of bleaching on microhardness of esthetic restorative materials. Oper Dent. 2011;36(2):177-186.
25. Mallya PL, Acharya S, Ballal V, Ginjupalli K, Kundabala M, Thomas M. Profilometric study to compare the effectiveness of various finishing and polishing techniques on different restorative glass ionomer cements. J Interdiscip Dent. 2013;3(2):86.
26. Meseli S, Alkan E, Korkut B, Kanar O, Tagtekin D. Abrasiveness and bleaching level of toothpastes on composite resins: a quantitative analysis using a novel brushing simulator. Appl Sci. 2025;15(5):2314.
27. Monteiro B, Spohr AM. Surface roughness of composite resins after simulated toothbrushing with different dentifrices. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7(7):1–5.
28. Peutzfeldt A. Resin composites in dentistry: the monomer systems. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997;105(2):97–116. 29. Ryba TM, Dunn WJ, Murchison DF. Surface roughness of various packable composites. Oper Dent. 2002;27(3):243–247.
30. Salama F, Abdelmegid F, Alhomaidhi L, Alswayyed S, Alfarraj S. Effect of whitening toothpastes and brushing on microhardness of esthetic restorative materials. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;44(5):296-301.
31. Salgado VE, Cavalcante LM, Silikas N, Schneider LF. The influence of nanoscale inorganic content over optical and surface properties of model composites. J Dent. 2013;41 Suppl 5:e45–e53.
32. Sharkey S, Ray N, Burke F, Ziada H, Hannigan A. Surface hardness of light-activated resin composites cured by two different visible-light sources: an in vitro study. Quintessence Int. 2001 May;32(5):401-5.
33. Shimatani Y, Tsujimoto A, Barkmeier WW, Fischer NG, Nagura Y, Takamizawa T, Latta MA, Miyazaki M. Simulated cuspal deflection and flexural properties of bulk-fill and conventional flowable resin composites. Oper Dent. 2020;45(5):537–546.
34. Singh N, MeenaKumari C, Bansal A, Pal S, Alroomy R, VinuthaKumari V. Comparative evaluation of effect of toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion on surface roughness of resin composites with different filler loading: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. 2021;24(1):36.
35. Singla MG, Virdi I. Abrasive action of different herbal toothpastes: A profilometric analysis. J Dent Res Rev. 2021;8(4):312.
36. Sonugelen M, Artunç C, Güngör MA. Farklı yöntemlerle polimerize edilen estetik restoratif materyallerde aşınma ve sertliğin incelenmesi. 4. Uluslararası Dişhekimliği Kongresi (TDB); 24–28 Haziran 1997; İstanbul, Türkiye.
37. Suzuki T, Kyoizumi H, Araki Y, Finger WJ, Kanehira M. Toothbrush abrasion of resin composites with different filler concepts. World J Dent. 2012;3(2):184–193.
38. Suzuki T, Kyoizumi H, Finger WJ, Kanehira M, Endo T, Utterodt A, Hisamitsu H, Komatsu M. Resistance of nanofill and nanohybrid resin composites to toothbrush abrasion with calcium carbonate slurry. Dent Mater J. 2009;28(6):708–716.
39. Takahashi R, Jin J, Nikaido T, Tagami J, Hickel R, Kunzelmann KH. Surface characterization of current composites after toothbrush abrasion. Dent Mater J. 2013;32(1):75–82.
40. Tanoue N, Matsumura H, Atsuta M. Wear and surface roughness of current prosthetic composites after toothbrush/dentifrice abrasion. J Prosthet Dent. 2000;84(1):93–97.

Beyazlatıcı Özellikli Diş Macunlarının Yeni Nesil Akışkan Rezin Kompozitlerin Yüzey Özelliklerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 39 - 47, 30.04.2025

Cansu Merve Karaltı , Gülçin Bilgin Göçmen , Elif Alkan , Dilek Tağtekin

https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.92

Öz

Amaç: Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacı, beyazlatıcı diş macunuyla fırçalamanın, yeni nesil yüksek dolduruculu akışkan kompozit rezinlerin yüzey özellikleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada Gaenial Injectable Flow, Clearfil Majesty Flow, Omnichroma Flow, One Shade olmak üzere; 3 farklı yüksek dolduruculu akışkan kompozit rezinden 8 mm çapta 90 adet örnek hazırlandı ve polimerize edildi (Valo Grand, Ultradent, ABD). Örnekler disk polisaj sistemi (Sof-Lex Discs, 3M ESPE, ABD) ve Diamond Cila Sistem Kiti (Sof-Lex, 3M ESPE, ABD) ile bitim ve cila işlemlerine tabi tutuldu. Basınç sensörlü ve kuvvet ayarlı fırçalama cihazı, 6 aylık fırçalamayı taklit edebilmesi için 5.000 döngüye ayarlandı. RDA (Göreceli Dentin Aşındırıcılığı) değerlerine göre seçilmiş beyazlatıcı diş macunu (R.O.C.S Aktif Kalsiyum Beyazlatıcı Diş Macunu, DRC Grup, İsviçre), bir geleneksel diş macunu (Sensodyne Promine Günlük Koruma Diş Macunu, GSK Group of Companies, UK) ve distile su ile fırçalama yapıldı (1:2 oranında (EN ISO 14569- 2007 standart) diş macunu/su). Fırçalama periyotları öncesi ve sonrası pürüzlülük, mikrosertlik ve SEM ölçümleri yapıldı. Veriler, SPSS v29 programında istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, farklı diş macunlarının ve akışkan kompozit rezin materyallerinin pürüzlülük ve mikrosertlik üzerindeki etkileri incelendi. R.O.C.S. grubunda pürüzlülük artışı en yüksek bulunurken (p<0.001), mikrosertlik azalışında anlamlı fark gözlendi (p=0.041). En pürüzsüz kompozit GC Gaenial Universal Injectable Flow, en sert kompozit Kuraray Clearfil Majesty Flow olarak belirlendi.
Sonuçlar: Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre diş macunlarının RDA değerine bağlı olarak akışkan kompozitlerin yüzey özelliklerini anlamlı şekilde etkilediği ortaya koyulmuştur. Yüksek RDA değerli macunlar pürüzlülüğü artırırken, mikrosertliği belirgin şekilde azaltmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akışkan kompozit rezin, Beyazlatıcı diş macunu, Diş fırçalama, Mikrosertlik, Yüzey pürüzlülüğü

Kaynakça

1. AlAli M, Silikas N, Satterthwaite J. The effects of toothbrush wear on the surface roughness and gloss of resin composites with various types of matrices. Dent J (Basel). 2021;9(1):8.
2. Amaechi BT, AbdulAzees PA, Okoye LO, Meyer F, Enax J. Comparison of hydroxyapatite and fluoride oral care gels for remineralization of initial caries: a pH-cycling study. BDJ Open. 2020;6:9.
3. Antonson SA, Yazici AR, Kilinc E, Antonson DE, Hardigan PC. Comparison of different finishing/polishing systems on surface roughness and gloss of resin composites. J Dent. 2011;39 Suppl 1:e9–e17.
4. Arisu HD, Uçtasli MB, Eligüzeloglu E, Ozcan S, Omürlü H. The effect of occlusal loading on the microleakage of class V restorations. Oper Dent. 2008;33(2):135–141.
5. Atalı P, Öksüz M, Topbaşı F. Fırçalamanın ve beyazlatıcılı diş macunlarının kompozitlerin yüzey özelliklerine etkisi. Atatürk Univ Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;24(1):22–32.
6. Bolay S, Cakir FY, Gurgan S. Effects of toothbrushing with fluoride abrasive and whitening dentifrices on both unbleached and bleached human enamel surface in terms of roughness and hardness: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2012;13(5):584–589.
7. Bollen CM, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: a review of the literature. Dent Mater. 1997;13(4):258–269.
8. Cilli R, de Mattos MC, Honorio HM, Rios D, de Araujo PA, Prakki A. The role of surface sealants in the roughness of composites after a simulated toothbrushing test. J Dent. 2009;37(12):970–977. 9. Dos Santos JH, Silva NL, Gomes MG, Paschoal MA, Gomes IA. Whitening toothpastes effect on nanoparticle resin composite roughness after a brushing challenge: an in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2019;11(4):e334–e339. 10. Enax J, Meyer F, Schulze Zur Wiesche E, Fuhrmann IC, Fabritius HO. Toothpaste abrasion and abrasive particle content: correlating high-resolution profilometric analysis with relative dentin abrasivity (RDA). Dent J (Basel). 2023;11(3):79.
11. Epple M, Meyer F, Enax J. A critical review of modern concepts for teeth whitening. Dent J (Basel). 2019;7(3):79.
12. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–191.
13. González-Cabezas C, Hara AT, Hefferren J, Lippert F. Abrasivity testing of dentifrices - challenges and current state of the art. Monogr Oral Sci. 2013;23:100–107.
14. Grabenstetter RJ, Broge RW, Jackson FL, Radike AW. The measurement of the abrasion of human teeth by dentifrice abrasives: a test utilizing radioactive teeth. J Dent Res. 1958;37(6):1060–1068.
15. Heintze SD, Forjanic M, Ohmiti K, Rousson V. Surface deterioration of dental materials after simulated toothbrushing in relation to brushing time and load. Dent Mater. 2010;26(4):306–319.
16. Heintze SD, Forjanic M, Rousson V. Surface roughness and gloss of dental materials as a function of force and polishing time in vitro. Dent Mater. 2006;22(2):146–165.
17. Hepdeniz ÖK, Kelten ÖS, Gürdal O. Cam iyonomer içerikli dört farklı restoratif materyalin yüzey pürüzlülüklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Sdü Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;10(1):13–17.
18. Jones CS, Billington RW, Pearson GJ. The in vivo perception of roughness of restorations. Br Dent J. 2004;196(1):42–31.
19. Kamonkhantikul K, Arksornnukit M, Takahashi H, Kanehira M, Finger WJ. Polishing and toothbrushing alters the surface roughness and gloss of composite resins. Dent Mater J. 2014;33(5):599–606.
20. Kitasako Y, Sadr A, Burrow MF, Tagami J. Thirty-six month clinical evaluation of a highly filled flowable composite for direct posterior restorations. Aust Dent J. 2016;61(3):366–373.
21. Komandla DR, Acharya SR, Pentapati KC. Comparative evaluation of surface roughness of resin-modified glass ionomer and glass hybrid restorative materials simulated by tooth brushing: An in-vitro study. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr. 2021;21.
22. Lu H, Lee YK, Oguri M, Powers JM. Properties of a dental resin composite with a spherical inorganic filler. Oper Dent. 2006;31(6):734–740.
23. Malavasi CV, Macedo EM, Souza KC, Rego GF, Schneider LF, Cavalcante LM. Surface texture and optical properties of self-adhering composite materials after toothbrush abrasion. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2015;16(10):775–782.
24. Malkondu Ö, Yurdagüven H, Say EC, Kazazoğlu E, Soyman M. Effect of bleaching on microhardness of esthetic restorative materials. Oper Dent. 2011;36(2):177-186.
25. Mallya PL, Acharya S, Ballal V, Ginjupalli K, Kundabala M, Thomas M. Profilometric study to compare the effectiveness of various finishing and polishing techniques on different restorative glass ionomer cements. J Interdiscip Dent. 2013;3(2):86.
26. Meseli S, Alkan E, Korkut B, Kanar O, Tagtekin D. Abrasiveness and bleaching level of toothpastes on composite resins: a quantitative analysis using a novel brushing simulator. Appl Sci. 2025;15(5):2314.
27. Monteiro B, Spohr AM. Surface roughness of composite resins after simulated toothbrushing with different dentifrices. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7(7):1–5.
28. Peutzfeldt A. Resin composites in dentistry: the monomer systems. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997;105(2):97–116. 29. Ryba TM, Dunn WJ, Murchison DF. Surface roughness of various packable composites. Oper Dent. 2002;27(3):243–247.
30. Salama F, Abdelmegid F, Alhomaidhi L, Alswayyed S, Alfarraj S. Effect of whitening toothpastes and brushing on microhardness of esthetic restorative materials. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;44(5):296-301.
31. Salgado VE, Cavalcante LM, Silikas N, Schneider LF. The influence of nanoscale inorganic content over optical and surface properties of model composites. J Dent. 2013;41 Suppl 5:e45–e53.
32. Sharkey S, Ray N, Burke F, Ziada H, Hannigan A. Surface hardness of light-activated resin composites cured by two different visible-light sources: an in vitro study. Quintessence Int. 2001 May;32(5):401-5.
33. Shimatani Y, Tsujimoto A, Barkmeier WW, Fischer NG, Nagura Y, Takamizawa T, Latta MA, Miyazaki M. Simulated cuspal deflection and flexural properties of bulk-fill and conventional flowable resin composites. Oper Dent. 2020;45(5):537–546.
34. Singh N, MeenaKumari C, Bansal A, Pal S, Alroomy R, VinuthaKumari V. Comparative evaluation of effect of toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion on surface roughness of resin composites with different filler loading: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. 2021;24(1):36.
35. Singla MG, Virdi I. Abrasive action of different herbal toothpastes: A profilometric analysis. J Dent Res Rev. 2021;8(4):312.
36. Sonugelen M, Artunç C, Güngör MA. Farklı yöntemlerle polimerize edilen estetik restoratif materyallerde aşınma ve sertliğin incelenmesi. 4. Uluslararası Dişhekimliği Kongresi (TDB); 24–28 Haziran 1997; İstanbul, Türkiye.
37. Suzuki T, Kyoizumi H, Araki Y, Finger WJ, Kanehira M. Toothbrush abrasion of resin composites with different filler concepts. World J Dent. 2012;3(2):184–193.
38. Suzuki T, Kyoizumi H, Finger WJ, Kanehira M, Endo T, Utterodt A, Hisamitsu H, Komatsu M. Resistance of nanofill and nanohybrid resin composites to toothbrush abrasion with calcium carbonate slurry. Dent Mater J. 2009;28(6):708–716.
39. Takahashi R, Jin J, Nikaido T, Tagami J, Hickel R, Kunzelmann KH. Surface characterization of current composites after toothbrush abrasion. Dent Mater J. 2013;32(1):75–82.
40. Tanoue N, Matsumura H, Atsuta M. Wear and surface roughness of current prosthetic composites after toothbrush/dentifrice abrasion. J Prosthet Dent. 2000;84(1):93–97.

Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Restoratif Diş Tedavisi
Bölüm	Özgün Araştırmalar
Yazarlar	Cansu Merve Karaltı 0000-0001-7198-2388 Gülçin Bilgin Göçmen 0000-0003-1818-4787 Elif Alkan 0000-0001-7167-6946 Dilek Tağtekin 0000-0002-2675-1764
Yayımlanma Tarihi	30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi	26 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi	26 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Karaltı, C. M., Bilgin Göçmen, G., Alkan, E., Tağtekin, D. (2025). Beyazlatıcı Özellikli Diş Macunlarının Yeni Nesil Akışkan Rezin Kompozitlerin Yüzey Özelliklerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. European Journal of Research in Dentistry, 9(1), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.92

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