Araştırma Makalesi
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Proaktif Kariyer Davranışları Geliştirme Programının Etkililiğinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 221 - 232

Hacı Arif Doğanülkü , Oğuzhan Kırdök

https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.1576048

Öz

Günümüz dünyasında iş gücüne geçiş giderek zorlaşmaktadır. Bu sorunu ele almak üzere, kariyer danışmanlığı alanında son dönemde çok sayıda çalışma yapılmış ve araştırmacılar iş hayatına girişi etkileyebilecek nitelikleri belirlemeye odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmalar, bu geçişi etkileyen kilit niteliklerden birinin, istihdam edilebilirliğe katkıda bulunan proaktif kariyer davranışları olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu nedenle, özellikle kariyerlerinin başında olan üniversite öğrencilerinin bu davranışları sergilemeleri büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencileri arasında proaktif kariyer davranışlarını teşvik etmek için tasarlanan Proaktif Kariyer Davranışı Geliştirme Programının etkililiğini test etmektir. Deney, kontrol ve plasebo gruplarıyla ön test, son test ve izleme testi ölçümlerini içeren yarı deneysel bir araştırma tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Deneysel prosedür öncesinde pilot çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Katılımcı grubu Türkiye'de öğrenim gören 36 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır ve ölçümler için Proaktif Kariyer Davranışları Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, Proaktif Kariyer Davranışları Geliştirme Programı'nın proaktif kariyer davranışlarını teşvik etmede etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Program, üniversite öğrencilerine yönelik kariyer hazırlık eğitimlerine entegre edilebilir ve öğrencilere iş gücüne geçişlerinde değerli bir destek sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kariyer Kariyer Gelişim Programı Proaktivite Proaktif Kariyer Davranışları

Kaynakça

  • Balcı, A. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler (13. basım). [Research methods, techniques and principles in social sciences (13th ed.)] Pegem Academy.
  • Bilal, M., Chaudhry, S., Amber, H., Shahid, M., Aslam, S., & Shahzad, K. (2021). Entrepreneurial leadership and employees’ proactive behaviour: Fortifying self-determination theory. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(3), 176–191. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7030176
  • Bindl, U. K., Parker, S. K., Totterdell, P., & Hagger-Johnson, G. (2012). Fuel of the self-starter: How mood relates to proactive goal regulation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(1), 134–150. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024368
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (28. basım). [Manual of data analysis for social sciences (22nd ed.)] Pegem Academy.
  • Cheah, C. S., Cheong, S. Y., Tan, C. L., & Yeow, J. A. (2020). Determinants of proactive career behaviour among female workers: Proactive personality as a moderator. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business, 5(30), 64–79. http://www.ijafb.com/PDF/IJAFB-2020-30-12-05.pdf
  • Claes, R., & Ruiz‐Quintanilla, S. A. (1998). Influences of early career experiences, occupational group, and national culture on proactive career behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 52, 357–378. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1997.1626
  • Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600304
  • Çelik, K., & Lüküslü, G. D. (2018). Unemployment as a chronic problem facing young people in Turkey. Research and Policy on Turkey, 3(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/23760818.2018.1517449
  • De Vos, A., De Clippeleer, I., & Dewilde, T. (2009). Proactive career behaviours and career success during the early career. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82, 761–777. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X471013
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 182–185. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0012801
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Deci, E. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2004). Self-determination theory and basic need satisfaction: Understanding human development in positive psychology. Ricerche di Psicologia, 27, 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60130-6
  • DeLucia-Waack, J. L. (2006). Leading psychoeducational groups for children and adolescents. Sage Publications.
  • Demirtaş, A. S., & Kara, A. (2022). Career adaptability and unemployment anxiety in Turkish senior undergraduate students: The mediating role of career stress. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 12(64), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1095894
  • Doğanülkü, H. A. (2023). Proaktif kariyer davranışları geliştirme programının etkililiğinin incelenmesi. [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi.
  • Eby, L. T., Allen, T. D., Hoffman, B. J., Baranik, L. E., Sauer, J. B., Baldwin, S., Morrison, M. A., Kinkade, K. M., Maher, C. P., & Evans, S. C. (2013). An interdisciplinary meta- analysis of the potential antecedents, correlates, and consequences of protégé perceptions of mentoring. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 441–476. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029279
  • Forret, M. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (2004). Networking behaviors and career outcomes: Differences for men and women?. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 419–437. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.253
  • Frese, M., Fay, D., Hilburger, T., Leng, K., & Tag, A. (1997). The concept of personal initiative: Operationalization, reliability and validity in two German samples. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70(2), 139–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00639.x
  • Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
  • Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Employability: A psycho-social construct, its dimensions, and applications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 14–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.005
  • Gardiner, C. M. (2015). From certificate chasing to genuine engagement: The contribution of curriculum design to students’ career intent in a subfield. Australian Journal of Career Development, 24(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416214564886
  • Gerçek, M. (2024). Serial multiple mediation of career adaptability and self-perceived employability in the relationship between career competencies and job search self-efficacy. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning,14(2),461–478. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-02-2023-0036
  • Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.002
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Examining the Effectiveness of the Proactive Career Behaviours Development Programme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 221 - 232

Hacı Arif Doğanülkü , Oğuzhan Kırdök

https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.1576048

Öz

In today’s world, transitioning into the workforce is becoming increasingly difficult. To address this issue, numerous recent studies have been conducted in the field of career counseling, with researchers focusing on identifying the qualities that may influence entry into professional life. These studies have revealed that one of the key qualities impacting this transition is proactive career behaviours, which contributes to employability. Therefore, it is crucial for university students, particularly those at the beginning of their careers, to demonstrate these behaviours. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of the Proactive Career Behaviour Development Programme, designed to foster proactive career behaviours among university students. A quasi-experimental research design, including pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test measurements with experimental, control, and placebo groups, was employed. Pilot studies were conducted prior to the experimental procedure. The participant group consisted of 36 university students studying in Turkey, and the Proactive Career Behaviours Scale was used for measurements. The results indicated that the Proactive Career Behaviour Development Programme was effective in promoting proactive career behaviours. The programme can be integrated into career preparation training for university students, providing valuable support to students in their transition to the workforce.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Career Career Development Program Proactivity Proactive Career Behaviours

Kaynakça

  • Balcı, A. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler (13. basım). [Research methods, techniques and principles in social sciences (13th ed.)] Pegem Academy.
  • Bilal, M., Chaudhry, S., Amber, H., Shahid, M., Aslam, S., & Shahzad, K. (2021). Entrepreneurial leadership and employees’ proactive behaviour: Fortifying self-determination theory. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(3), 176–191. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7030176
  • Bindl, U. K., Parker, S. K., Totterdell, P., & Hagger-Johnson, G. (2012). Fuel of the self-starter: How mood relates to proactive goal regulation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(1), 134–150. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024368
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (28. basım). [Manual of data analysis for social sciences (22nd ed.)] Pegem Academy.
  • Cheah, C. S., Cheong, S. Y., Tan, C. L., & Yeow, J. A. (2020). Determinants of proactive career behaviour among female workers: Proactive personality as a moderator. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business, 5(30), 64–79. http://www.ijafb.com/PDF/IJAFB-2020-30-12-05.pdf
  • Claes, R., & Ruiz‐Quintanilla, S. A. (1998). Influences of early career experiences, occupational group, and national culture on proactive career behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 52, 357–378. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1997.1626
  • Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600304
  • Çelik, K., & Lüküslü, G. D. (2018). Unemployment as a chronic problem facing young people in Turkey. Research and Policy on Turkey, 3(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/23760818.2018.1517449
  • De Vos, A., De Clippeleer, I., & Dewilde, T. (2009). Proactive career behaviours and career success during the early career. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82, 761–777. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X471013
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 182–185. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0012801
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Deci, E. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2004). Self-determination theory and basic need satisfaction: Understanding human development in positive psychology. Ricerche di Psicologia, 27, 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60130-6
  • DeLucia-Waack, J. L. (2006). Leading psychoeducational groups for children and adolescents. Sage Publications.
  • Demirtaş, A. S., & Kara, A. (2022). Career adaptability and unemployment anxiety in Turkish senior undergraduate students: The mediating role of career stress. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 12(64), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1095894
  • Doğanülkü, H. A. (2023). Proaktif kariyer davranışları geliştirme programının etkililiğinin incelenmesi. [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi.
  • Eby, L. T., Allen, T. D., Hoffman, B. J., Baranik, L. E., Sauer, J. B., Baldwin, S., Morrison, M. A., Kinkade, K. M., Maher, C. P., & Evans, S. C. (2013). An interdisciplinary meta- analysis of the potential antecedents, correlates, and consequences of protégé perceptions of mentoring. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 441–476. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029279
  • Forret, M. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (2004). Networking behaviors and career outcomes: Differences for men and women?. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 419–437. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.253
  • Frese, M., Fay, D., Hilburger, T., Leng, K., & Tag, A. (1997). The concept of personal initiative: Operationalization, reliability and validity in two German samples. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70(2), 139–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00639.x
  • Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
  • Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Employability: A psycho-social construct, its dimensions, and applications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 14–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.005
  • Gardiner, C. M. (2015). From certificate chasing to genuine engagement: The contribution of curriculum design to students’ career intent in a subfield. Australian Journal of Career Development, 24(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416214564886
  • Gerçek, M. (2024). Serial multiple mediation of career adaptability and self-perceived employability in the relationship between career competencies and job search self-efficacy. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning,14(2),461–478. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-02-2023-0036
  • Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.002
  • Green, Z. A., Noor, U., & Hashemi, M. N. (2020). Furthering proactivity and career adaptability among university students: Test of intervention. Journal of Career Assessment, 28(3), 402–424. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072719870739
  • Greenhaus, J. H., Callanan, G. A., & Kaplan, E. (1995). The role of goal setting in career management. International Journal of Career Management, 7(5), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1108/ 09556219510093285
  • Greguras, G. J., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2009). Different fits satisfy different needs: linking person-environment fit to employee commitment and performance using self-determination theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 465–477. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0014068
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  • Guan, Y., Guo, Y., Bond, M. H., Cai, Z., Zhou, X., Xu, J., & Wang, Y. (2014). New job market entrants’ future work self, career adaptability and job search outcomes: Examining mediating and moderating models. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(1), 136–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jvb.2014.05.003
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  • Hall, D. T. (2002). Careers in and out of organizations. Sage.
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  • Hirschi, A. (2014). Hope as a resource for self-directed career management: Investigating mediating effects on proactive career behaviors and life and job satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(6), 1495–1512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9488-x
  • Hirschi, A., Freund, P. A., & Herrmann, A. (2014). The Career Engagement Scale: Development and validation of a measure of proactive career behaviors. Journal of Career Assessment, 22(4), 575–594. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072713514813
  • Hirschi, A., Herrmann, A., & Keller, A. C. (2015). Career adaptivity, adaptability, and adapting: A conceptual and empirical investigation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 87, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.11.008
  • Huang, J. T., & Hsieh, H. H. (2015). Supervisors as good coaches: Influences of coaching on employees’ in-role behaviors and proactive career behaviors. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(1), 42–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.940993
  • Jacobs, S., De Vos, A., Stuer, D., & Van der Heijden, B. I. (2019). “Knowing me, knowing you” the importance of networking for freelancers’ careers: Examining the mediating role of need for relatedness fulfillment and employability-enhancing competencies. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2055. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02055
  • Jiang, Z., Wang, Y., Li, W., Peng, K. Z., & Wu, C.-H. (2023). Career proactivity: A bibliometric literature review and a future research agenda. Applied Psychology, 72(1), 144–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12442
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(3), 280–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167296223006
  • Kelley, K., & Preacher, K. J. (2012). On effect size. Psychological Methods, 17(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028086
  • Kinash, S., Crane, L., Judd, M. M., & Knight, C. (2016). Discrepant stakeholder perspectives on graduate employability strategies. Higher Education Research & Development, 35(5), 951-967. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2016.1139555
  • King, Z. (2004). Career self-management: Its nature, causes and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 112–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00052-6
  • Larose, S., Tarabulsy, G., & Cyrenne, D. (2005). Perceived autonomy and relatedness as moderating the impact of teacher-student mentoring relationships on student academic adjustment. Journal of Primary Prevention, 26(2), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-005-1833-3
  • Ma, Y., & Chen, S. C. (2022). Understanding the determinants and consequences of perceived employability in graduate labor market in China. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-022-09567-7
  • Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Matsuo, M. (2020). The role of work authenticity in linking strengths use to career satisfaction and proactive behavior: a two-wave study. Career Development International, 25(6), 617–630. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-01-2020-0015
  • Meyers, M. C. (2020). The neglected role of talent proactivity: Integrating proactive behavior into talent-management theorizing. Human Resource Management Review, 30(2), 100703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.100703
  • Miller, S. A. (2007). Developmental research methods (3rd Edition). SAGE Publications Inc.
  • Niles, S. G. (2002). Adult career development: Concepts, issues and practices. National Career Development Association.
  • Paixão, O., & Gamboa, V. (2022). Autonomous versus controlled motivation on career indecision: The mediating effect of career exploration. Journal of Career Development, 49(4), 802–815. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845321992544
  • Parker, S. K., & Bindl, U. K. (2017). Proactivity at work: Making things happen in organizations. Routledge.
  • Parker, S. K., & Liao, J. (2016). Wise proactivity: How to be proactive and wise in building your career. Organizational Dynamics, 45(3), 217–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.07.007
  • Peng, P., Song, Y., & Yu, G. (2021). Cultivating proactive career behavior: The role of career adaptability and job embeddedness. Hypothesis and Theory, 12, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.603890
  • Presbitero, A. (2015). Proactivity in career development of employees: The roles of proactive personality and cognitive complexity. Career Development International, 20(5), 525–538. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-03-2015-0043
  • Raabe, B., Frese, M., & Beehr, T. A. (2007). Action regulation theory and career self- management. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70(2), 297–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2006.10.005
  • Rayman, J. R. (1999). Career services imperatives for the next millennium. The Career Development Quarterly, 48(2), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1999.tb00283.x
  • Rowland, K. N. (2012). E-mentoring: An innovative twist to traditional mentoring. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 7(1), 228–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242012000100015
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  • Sonnentag, S. (2017). Career proactivity. In K. Parker and U. K. Bindl (Eds.), Proactivity at work (pp. 49–76). Routledge.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson.
  • Tang, M. (2003). Career counseling in the future: Constructing, collaborating, advocating. The Career Development Quarterly, 52(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2003.tb00628.x
  • TURKSTAT, Turkish Statistical Institute (2023). Yüseköğretim İstihdam Göstergeleri/ Higher Education Employment Indicators (June 2023). from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Yuksekogretim-Istihdam-Gostergeleri-2022-49600. Accessed 15 November 2023.
  • Valls, V., González-Romá, V., Hernandez, A., & Rocabert, E. (2020). Proactive personality and early employment outcomes: The mediating role of career planning and the moderator role of core self-evaluations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119, 103424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103424
  • van Harten, J., de Cuyper, N., Knies, E., & Forrier, A. (2022). Taking the temperature of employability research: A systematic review of interrelationships across and within conceptual strands. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 31(1), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2021.1942847
  • Wilhelm, F., Hirschi, A., & Schläpfer, D. (2024). The multidimensional nature of career self‐management behaviours and their relation to facets of employability. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 97(1),342–375. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12474
  • Zikic, J., & Hall, D. T. (2009). Toward a more complex view of career exploration. The Career Development Quarterly, 58(2), 181–191. https://doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2009.tb00055.x
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kariyer Danışmanlığı
Bölüm Bu Sayıda
Yazarlar

Hacı Arif Doğanülkü 0000-0003-2055-7511

Oğuzhan Kırdök 0000-0003-4076-2619

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 19 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 9 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğanülkü, H. A., & Kırdök, O. (2025). Examining the Effectiveness of the Proactive Career Behaviours Development Programme. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 221-232. https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.1576048

Erzincan University Journal of Education Faculty