Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular Diseases. 2019. Accessed June 2, 2025.
- 2. World Health Organization. Hearts: Technical Package for Cardiovascular Disease Management in Primary Health Care. Geneva: WHO; 2016.
- 3. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Turkey: GBD Profile. 2010. Accessed June 2, 2025.
- 4. Hajar R. Framingham Contribution to Cardiovascular Disease. Heart Views. 2016;17(2):78-81. doi: 10.4103/1995-705X.185130.
- 5. Teo KK, Rafiq T. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Prevention: A Perspective From Developing Countries. Can J Cardiol. 2021;37(5):733-743. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.02.009.
- 6. Cheung BM, Cheng CH, Lau CP, et al. 2016 Consensus statement on prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Hong Kong population. Hong Kong Med J. 2017;23(2):191-201. doi: 10.12809/hkmj165045.
- 7. Vahedi M, Taherpour N, Aghajani MH, Pourhoseingholi MA, Pourhoseingholi A. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding cardiovascular disease among coronary artery disease patients in Tehran, Iran. J Tehran Heart Cent. 2023;18(4):261-268. doi: 10.18502/jthc.v18i4.14825.
- 8. Al-Makhamreh H, Alkhatib A, Attarri A, et al. Knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors among caregivers of cardiology patients attending Jordan University Hospital. PeerJ. 2024;12:e16830. doi: 10.7717/peerj.16830.
- 9. Parmar JK, L’Heureux T, Anderson S, et al. Optimizing the integration of family caregivers in the delivery of person-centered care: Evaluation of an educational program for the healthcare workforce. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22(1):364. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-07689-w.
- 10. Mitnick S, Leffler C, Hood VL. Family caregivers, patients, and physicians: Ethical guidance to optimize relationships. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(3):255-260. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-1206-3.
- 11. Gülpak M, Kocaöz S. [The Care Burden and the Affecting Factors of Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment]. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2014;13(2):99-108. doi: 10.5455/pmb.1-1359391140. [Article in Turkish]
- 12. Deale A. Psychopathology and treatment of severe health anxiety. Psychiatry. 2007;6(6):240-246. doi: 10.1016/j.mppsy.2007.03.005
- 13. Salkovskis PM, Rimes KA, Warwick HM, Clark DM. The Health Anxiety Inventory: development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis. Psychol Med. 2002;32(5):843-853. doi: 10.1017/s0033291702005822.
- 14. Özdelikara A, Ağaçdiken S, Mumcu N. [Determination of health perception, health anxiety and effecting factors among nursing students]. Bakırköy Tıp Derg. 2018;14(3):275-282. doi: 10.5350/BTDMJB.20170310015347. [Article in Turkish]
- 15. Wagner J, Lacey K, Chyun D, Abbott G. Development of a questionnaire to measure heart disease risk knowledge in people with diabetes: the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire. Patient Educ Couns. 2005;58(1):82-87. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2004.07.004.
- 16. Arıkan İ, Metintaş S, Kalyoncu C, Yıldız Z. [The Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) Scale: a validity and reliability study]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2009;37(1):35-40. [Article in Turkish]
- 17. Aydemir Ö, Kirpinar İ, Sati T, Uykur B, Cengisiz C. Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Health Anxiety Inventory. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2013;50(4):325-331. doi: 10.4274/npa.y6383.
- 18. Kazim MN, AbouMoussa TH, AL-Hammadi FA, et al. Population awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors and health care-seeking behavior in the UAE. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2021;8:100255. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100255.
- 19. Machaalani M, Fakhry B, Zwaihed M, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward cardiovascular diseases in the Lebanese population. Glob Heart. 2022;17(1):47. doi: 10.5334/gh.1138.
- 20. Mujamammi AH, Alluhaymid YM, Alshibani MG, et al. Awareness of cardiovascular disease associated risk factors among Saudis in Riyadh City. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(6):3100-3105. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_458_20.
- 21. Kayan MR. [Evaluation of the relationship between care burden and health anxiety in caregivers of palliative care patients]. Specialization thesis in medicine. Hitit University. 2023. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=aN3V3bdAPTbrooqZfvlQ4w [Article in Turkish]
- 22. Amin AM, Mostafa H, Sarriff A. Factors Associated With the General Public Knowledge and Awareness of Cardiovascular Diseases and its Risk Factors in Penang - Malaysia. IOSR J Pharm. 2014;4(6):21-27. doi: 10.9790/3013-040601021027.
- 23. Quah JLJ, Yap S, Cheah SO, et al. Knowledge of signs and symptoms of heart attack and stroke among Singapore residents. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:572425. doi: 10.1155/2014/572425.
- 24. Koohi F, Khalili D. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding cardiovascular diseases in adults attending health care centers in Tehran, Iran. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2020;18(3):e101612. doi: 10.5812/ijem.101612.
- 25. Pallangyo P, Misidai N, Komba M, et al. Knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors among caretakers of outpatients attending a tertiary cardiovascular center in Tanzania: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020;20(1):364. doi: 10.1186/s12872-020-01648-1.
The relationship between knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and health anxiety among caregivers of patients undergoing open-heart surgery
Öz
Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases, characterized by their chronic nature, frequently lead to considerable physical strain and psychological distress in affected individuals. In managing these challenges, the involvement of caregivers plays a pivotal role. The effectiveness and consistency of the care they offer are substantially influenced by both their psychological health and their understanding of the disease’s risk profile. This study aims to examine the relationship between caregivers’ knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and their levels of health anxiety while caring for patients recovering from open-heart surgery.
Methods: Participants who were identified as caregivers for individuals undergoing open-heart surgery were assessed using three instruments: a demographic and descriptive questionnaire, the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level Scale (CARRF-KL), and the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI).
Results: The study included 58 participants, with females comprising 56.9% of the sample. The average score obtained on the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level Scale (CARRF-KL) was 19.16±4.99, whereas the mean score on the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) was 21.1±14.84. The analysis showed a statistically significant, positive but weak correlation between the total scores of the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) and the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level Scale (CARRF-KL) (r= 0.282, P=0.032). Additionally, participants’ education levels were significantly related to their CARRF-KL scores (P<0.001).
Conclusions: This research highlights the vital importance of caregivers’ knowledge about the disease and their mental health status in providing quality care to patients. Improving caregivers’ comprehension of cardiovascular diseases, clearly defining their caregiving roles, and managing their health-related anxieties may enhance the well-being of both caregivers and patients. These findings point to the necessity of implementing specialized educational programs and psychological support services tailored for caregivers in cardiac care environments.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cardiovascular disease risk factors knowledge health anxiety caregivers open heart surgery
Etik Beyan
The study was approved by the the Balikesı̇r University Health Sciences Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (Approval Date: 06.08.2024; Approval Number: 2024/130). All participants provided their informed consent.
Kaynakça
- 1. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular Diseases. 2019. Accessed June 2, 2025.
- 2. World Health Organization. Hearts: Technical Package for Cardiovascular Disease Management in Primary Health Care. Geneva: WHO; 2016.
- 3. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Turkey: GBD Profile. 2010. Accessed June 2, 2025.
- 4. Hajar R. Framingham Contribution to Cardiovascular Disease. Heart Views. 2016;17(2):78-81. doi: 10.4103/1995-705X.185130.
- 5. Teo KK, Rafiq T. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Prevention: A Perspective From Developing Countries. Can J Cardiol. 2021;37(5):733-743. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.02.009.
- 6. Cheung BM, Cheng CH, Lau CP, et al. 2016 Consensus statement on prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Hong Kong population. Hong Kong Med J. 2017;23(2):191-201. doi: 10.12809/hkmj165045.
- 7. Vahedi M, Taherpour N, Aghajani MH, Pourhoseingholi MA, Pourhoseingholi A. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding cardiovascular disease among coronary artery disease patients in Tehran, Iran. J Tehran Heart Cent. 2023;18(4):261-268. doi: 10.18502/jthc.v18i4.14825.
- 8. Al-Makhamreh H, Alkhatib A, Attarri A, et al. Knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors among caregivers of cardiology patients attending Jordan University Hospital. PeerJ. 2024;12:e16830. doi: 10.7717/peerj.16830.
- 9. Parmar JK, L’Heureux T, Anderson S, et al. Optimizing the integration of family caregivers in the delivery of person-centered care: Evaluation of an educational program for the healthcare workforce. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22(1):364. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-07689-w.
- 10. Mitnick S, Leffler C, Hood VL. Family caregivers, patients, and physicians: Ethical guidance to optimize relationships. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(3):255-260. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-1206-3.
- 11. Gülpak M, Kocaöz S. [The Care Burden and the Affecting Factors of Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment]. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2014;13(2):99-108. doi: 10.5455/pmb.1-1359391140. [Article in Turkish]
- 12. Deale A. Psychopathology and treatment of severe health anxiety. Psychiatry. 2007;6(6):240-246. doi: 10.1016/j.mppsy.2007.03.005
- 13. Salkovskis PM, Rimes KA, Warwick HM, Clark DM. The Health Anxiety Inventory: development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis. Psychol Med. 2002;32(5):843-853. doi: 10.1017/s0033291702005822.
- 14. Özdelikara A, Ağaçdiken S, Mumcu N. [Determination of health perception, health anxiety and effecting factors among nursing students]. Bakırköy Tıp Derg. 2018;14(3):275-282. doi: 10.5350/BTDMJB.20170310015347. [Article in Turkish]
- 15. Wagner J, Lacey K, Chyun D, Abbott G. Development of a questionnaire to measure heart disease risk knowledge in people with diabetes: the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire. Patient Educ Couns. 2005;58(1):82-87. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2004.07.004.
- 16. Arıkan İ, Metintaş S, Kalyoncu C, Yıldız Z. [The Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) Scale: a validity and reliability study]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2009;37(1):35-40. [Article in Turkish]
- 17. Aydemir Ö, Kirpinar İ, Sati T, Uykur B, Cengisiz C. Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Health Anxiety Inventory. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2013;50(4):325-331. doi: 10.4274/npa.y6383.
- 18. Kazim MN, AbouMoussa TH, AL-Hammadi FA, et al. Population awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors and health care-seeking behavior in the UAE. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2021;8:100255. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100255.
- 19. Machaalani M, Fakhry B, Zwaihed M, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward cardiovascular diseases in the Lebanese population. Glob Heart. 2022;17(1):47. doi: 10.5334/gh.1138.
- 20. Mujamammi AH, Alluhaymid YM, Alshibani MG, et al. Awareness of cardiovascular disease associated risk factors among Saudis in Riyadh City. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(6):3100-3105. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_458_20.
- 21. Kayan MR. [Evaluation of the relationship between care burden and health anxiety in caregivers of palliative care patients]. Specialization thesis in medicine. Hitit University. 2023. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=aN3V3bdAPTbrooqZfvlQ4w [Article in Turkish]
- 22. Amin AM, Mostafa H, Sarriff A. Factors Associated With the General Public Knowledge and Awareness of Cardiovascular Diseases and its Risk Factors in Penang - Malaysia. IOSR J Pharm. 2014;4(6):21-27. doi: 10.9790/3013-040601021027.
- 23. Quah JLJ, Yap S, Cheah SO, et al. Knowledge of signs and symptoms of heart attack and stroke among Singapore residents. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:572425. doi: 10.1155/2014/572425.
- 24. Koohi F, Khalili D. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding cardiovascular diseases in adults attending health care centers in Tehran, Iran. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2020;18(3):e101612. doi: 10.5812/ijem.101612.
- 25. Pallangyo P, Misidai N, Komba M, et al. Knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors among caretakers of outpatients attending a tertiary cardiovascular center in Tanzania: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020;20(1):364. doi: 10.1186/s12872-020-01648-1.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Psikiyatri |
| Bölüm | Original Article |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 2 Temmuz 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 4 Temmuz 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 2 Haziran 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 2 Temmuz 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4 |
