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1898-1901 YILLARI ARASINDA MALUMAT GAZETESİNDE KULLANILAN İFADELER IŞIĞINDA II. ABDÜLHAMİT DÖNEMİ SİYASİ SEMBOLİZMİNE DAİR BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 159 - 182

Sacide Nur Akkaya

Öz

Fransız Devrimi’nin etkilerinden en önemlisi olan ulus isyanları neticesinde, 19. yüzyılda, o güne kadar varlığını Tanrıdan aldığı güçle sürdüren monarşilerin varlığı tehdit edilir hale gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, söz konusu yüzyılda kimi monarklar, varlıklarını toplum nezdinde daha da güçlendirecek siyasal sembolizm araçlarına başvurmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada, İngiltere, Rusya gibi monarşilerde de görülen bu tutumun izleri, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son padişahlarından olan II. Abdülhamit’in, üç kıtayı kapsayan hükümranlık alanı çerçevesinde irdelenecektir. Çalışmanın kaynağı, dönemin önde gelen yayın organlarından olan Malumat gazetesinin 1898-1901 yıllarını kapsayacak şekilde incelendiği, arşiv bilgileridir. Bu arşiv kaynaklarında, II. Abdülhamit’in Pan-İslamcılık politikası başta olmak üzere, hilafet gibi kavramlarla da desteklenmiş olan siyasal görünürlüğüne dair veriler derlenmiş ve bu bağlamda, Malumat’ın 40 farklı gazete sayısında, II. Abdülhamit’in Osmanlı coğrafyasında inşa etmiş olduğu siyasal sembolizmin çeşitli izlerine rastlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, elde edilen bu bilgiler; söylem dili kapsamında sembolizm, sancak & arma gibi görsel araçlar kapsamında sembolizm ve resmi törenler çerçevesinde hayat bulan sembolizm olarak üç temel başlık altında ele alınacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Siyasal sembolizm Monarşi II. Abdülhamit Sembolizm Basın.

Kaynakça

  • Aktaş, Ş. (1989) Ahmet Rasim. Turkish Religious Foundation Islamic Encyclopedia, 2, Istanbul: Turkish Religious Foundation Publications. 117- 9.
  • Beydilli, K. (2003). II. Mahmut. Turkish Religious Foundation Islamic Encyclopedia, 27, Istanbul: Turkish Religious Foundation Publications. 352-357.
  • Cannadine, D. (2001). Ornamentalism: How The British Saw Their Empire. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Deringil, S. (2007). İktidarın Sembolleri ve İdeoloji, II. Abdülhamid Dönemi (1876-1909), Trnslt: Gül Çağalı Güven, Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Publishing.
  • Figes, Orlando (2014). A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924. London: The Bodley Head.
  • Gill, G and Ferrandez, L.F. A. (2018). Introduction: Symbolism and Politics, Politics, Religion & Ideology, 19, 4: 429-433.
  • Hanioğlu, M. Ş. (2008). A History of the Late Ottoman Empire, Twilight of Tanzimat, Hamidian Regime, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Hobsbawm, E. and Ranger, T. (2006). Geleneğin İcadı, Istanbul: Agora Kitaplığı.
  • İmparatorluktan Portreler (Portraits from the Empire), Sergi Kataloğu (Exhibition Catalogue). (2005). Haz. Samih Rıfat, Barış Kıbrıs, Begüm Akkoyunlu, Istanbul: Pera Museum Publication.
  • Kütükoğlu, Mübahat S. (1995). Elkâb. Turkish Religious Foundation Islamic Encyclopedia, 9, Istanbul: Turkish Religious Foundation Publications.
  • Osmanoğlu, A. (2013). Babam Sultan Abdülhamid, 6th ed., Istanbul: Timaş Publishing.
  • Kaloğulları, H. (2008). Malumat Mecmuası (51.-57. Sayılar) İnceleme ve Seçilmiş Metinler (Malumat Magazine (Issues 51-57) Review and Selected Texts), Gazi University, Institute of Social Sciences, Master's Thesis.
  • Özcan, A. (1993). Cülûs. Turkish Religious Foundation Islamic Encyclopedia, 8, Istanbul: Turkish Religious Foundation Publications: 108-114.
  • Özen, O., Kuzucu, K. (2017). Türk Basın Tarihinde Artin Asaduryan Matbaası ve Matbaada Basılan Süreli Yayınlar (Artin Asaduryan Printing House and Periodicals Printed in the Printing House in Turkish Press History). Erdem, 71-72. Ankara: Atatürk Cultural Center Publications.
  • Quataert, D. (2004). 19. Yüzyıla Genel Bir Bakış”, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Ekonomik ve Sosyal Tarihi 1600-1914 (An Overview of the 19th Century, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1600-1914). II, Ed. Halil İnalcık ve Donald Quataert. Istanbul: Eren Publishing.
  • Said, A. (1994). Saray Hatıraları Sultan Abdülhamit’in Hayatı (Palace Memories The Life of Sultan Abdulhamid), Istanbul: Nehir Publishing.
  • Sakaoğlu, N. (2002). Bu Mülkün Sultanları (Sultans of This Property), 5th ed., Istanbul: Oğlak Publishing.
  • Theiler, T. (2017). Political Symbolism. In F. M. Moghaddam (Ed.), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Political Behavior. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications: 633-34.
  • Tokgöz, A. İ. (1930). Matbuat Hatıralarım 1888-1923. I, Istanbul: Ahmet İhsan Printing House.
  • Afyoncu, E. Daily Sabah. (2018). Sultan Abdulhamid II: A visionary who tried to keep the empire alive. https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2018/02/16/sultan-abdulhamid-ii-a-visionary-who-tried-to-keep-the-empire-alive. February 16th. (accessed on 23rd of March, 2025)
  • Levene, L. Britannica. (2025). Victoria Memorial. https://www.britannica.com/place/Victoria-Memorial-Kolkata. (accessed on 4th of May, 2025)
  • Presidantial Library, Russia. (2025). Celebrating the 300th anniversary of the Romanov Dynasty, February 21, 1913. https://www.prlib.ru/en/node/438965. (accessed on 4th of May, 2025)
  • Republic of Turkiye Presidency, Head of Communications. (2020). Sultan 2. Abdülhamid Han’ın Yıldız Fotoğraf Koleksiyonu Dijitale Taşındı. https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/yerel_basin/detay/sultan-2-abdulhamid-hanin-yildiz-fotograf-koleksiyonu-dijitale-tasindi. April 10th. (accessed on 23rd of March, 2025)
  • The Royal Household. (2025). Victoria (r. 1837-1901). https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/victoria-r-1837-1901. (accessed on 4th of May, 2025)
  • Unesco, WHC. (2025). Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus). https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/945/. (accessed on 4th of May, 2025)
  • Yapp, M. E. and Shaw, S. J. Britannica. (2025). Rule of Abdülhamid II. https://www.britannica.com/place/Ottoman-Empire/Rule-of-Abdulhamid-II. February 11th. (accessed on 23rd of March, 2025)
  • Malumat Newspaper, Year 1898: No: 474, September 19; No: 477, September 22; No: 538, November 22; No: 541, November 25; No: 551, December 5; No: 570, December 24; No: 577, December 31; No: 649, March 15.
  • Malumat Newspaper, Year 1899: No: 626, February 21; No: 632, February 27; No: 734, June 9; No: 756, July 1; No: 762, July 7; No: 771, July 16; No: 772, July 17; No: 776, July 21; No: 783, July 28; No: 794, August 8; No: 819, September 2; No: 821, September 4; No: 826, September 9; No: 827, September 10; No: 828, September 11; No: 871, October 24.
  • Malumat Newspaper, Year 1900: No: 1144, July 24; No: 1146, July 26; No: 1149, July 29; No: 1158, August 7; No: 1167, August 16; No: 1175, August 24.
  • Malumat Newspaper, Year 1901: No: 1305, January 4; No: 1335, February 4; No: 1385, March 26; No: 1482, July 14; No: 1491, July 10; No: 1505, July 24; No: 1507, July 26; No: 1518, August 6; No: 1534, August 22; No: 1538, August 26.
  • Takvim-i Vekâyi: No. 2, 1831. No. 3284, 4 Temmuz 1918.
  • The London Gazette: No: 26947/1563. 14 March 1898. "Celebration of her majesty's diamond jubilee, 1897". Lord Chamberlain’s Office.
  • The Times: 18 May 1876, col. C, p. 10. Lord Stratford de Redcliffe on the Eastern Question.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL SYMBOLISM OF THE PERIOD OF ABDULHAMID II IN THE LIGHT OF THE EXPRESSIONS USED IN THE MALUMAT NEWSPAPER BETWEEN 1898-1901

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 159 - 182

Sacide Nur Akkaya

Öz

As a result of the national rebellions, which were the most important effects of the French Revolution, the existence of monarchies that had continued their existence with the power they received from God until that day, came under threat in the 19th century. In this context, some monarchs in the said century resorted to political symbolism tools that would further strengthen their existence in the eyes of society. In this study, the traces of this attitude, which was also seen in monarchies such as England and Russia, will be examined within the framework of the sovereignty area of Abdulhamid II, one of the last sultans of the Ottoman Empire, covering three continents. The source of the study is the archive information of the Malumat newspaper, one of the leading publications of the period, which was examined in a way that covers the years 1898-1901. In these archive sources, data on the political visibility of Abdülhamit II, supported by concepts such as the caliphate, especially the Pan-Islamist policy, were compiled and in this context, various traces of the political symbolism constructed by Abdülhamit II in the Ottoman geography were encountered in 40 different newspaper issues of Malumat. In this context, these information obtained will be discussed under three main headings: symbolism within the context of discourse language, symbolism within the context of visual tools such as flags and coats of arms, and symbolism coming to life within the framework of official ceremonies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Political symbolism Monarchy Abdulhamid II Symbolism Press.

Kaynakça

  • Aktaş, Ş. (1989) Ahmet Rasim. Turkish Religious Foundation Islamic Encyclopedia, 2, Istanbul: Turkish Religious Foundation Publications. 117- 9.
  • Beydilli, K. (2003). II. Mahmut. Turkish Religious Foundation Islamic Encyclopedia, 27, Istanbul: Turkish Religious Foundation Publications. 352-357.
  • Cannadine, D. (2001). Ornamentalism: How The British Saw Their Empire. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Deringil, S. (2007). İktidarın Sembolleri ve İdeoloji, II. Abdülhamid Dönemi (1876-1909), Trnslt: Gül Çağalı Güven, Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Publishing.
  • Figes, Orlando (2014). A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924. London: The Bodley Head.
  • Gill, G and Ferrandez, L.F. A. (2018). Introduction: Symbolism and Politics, Politics, Religion & Ideology, 19, 4: 429-433.
  • Hanioğlu, M. Ş. (2008). A History of the Late Ottoman Empire, Twilight of Tanzimat, Hamidian Regime, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Hobsbawm, E. and Ranger, T. (2006). Geleneğin İcadı, Istanbul: Agora Kitaplığı.
  • İmparatorluktan Portreler (Portraits from the Empire), Sergi Kataloğu (Exhibition Catalogue). (2005). Haz. Samih Rıfat, Barış Kıbrıs, Begüm Akkoyunlu, Istanbul: Pera Museum Publication.
  • Kütükoğlu, Mübahat S. (1995). Elkâb. Turkish Religious Foundation Islamic Encyclopedia, 9, Istanbul: Turkish Religious Foundation Publications.
  • Osmanoğlu, A. (2013). Babam Sultan Abdülhamid, 6th ed., Istanbul: Timaş Publishing.
  • Kaloğulları, H. (2008). Malumat Mecmuası (51.-57. Sayılar) İnceleme ve Seçilmiş Metinler (Malumat Magazine (Issues 51-57) Review and Selected Texts), Gazi University, Institute of Social Sciences, Master's Thesis.
  • Özcan, A. (1993). Cülûs. Turkish Religious Foundation Islamic Encyclopedia, 8, Istanbul: Turkish Religious Foundation Publications: 108-114.
  • Özen, O., Kuzucu, K. (2017). Türk Basın Tarihinde Artin Asaduryan Matbaası ve Matbaada Basılan Süreli Yayınlar (Artin Asaduryan Printing House and Periodicals Printed in the Printing House in Turkish Press History). Erdem, 71-72. Ankara: Atatürk Cultural Center Publications.
  • Quataert, D. (2004). 19. Yüzyıla Genel Bir Bakış”, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Ekonomik ve Sosyal Tarihi 1600-1914 (An Overview of the 19th Century, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1600-1914). II, Ed. Halil İnalcık ve Donald Quataert. Istanbul: Eren Publishing.
  • Said, A. (1994). Saray Hatıraları Sultan Abdülhamit’in Hayatı (Palace Memories The Life of Sultan Abdulhamid), Istanbul: Nehir Publishing.
  • Sakaoğlu, N. (2002). Bu Mülkün Sultanları (Sultans of This Property), 5th ed., Istanbul: Oğlak Publishing.
  • Theiler, T. (2017). Political Symbolism. In F. M. Moghaddam (Ed.), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Political Behavior. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications: 633-34.
  • Tokgöz, A. İ. (1930). Matbuat Hatıralarım 1888-1923. I, Istanbul: Ahmet İhsan Printing House.
  • Afyoncu, E. Daily Sabah. (2018). Sultan Abdulhamid II: A visionary who tried to keep the empire alive. https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2018/02/16/sultan-abdulhamid-ii-a-visionary-who-tried-to-keep-the-empire-alive. February 16th. (accessed on 23rd of March, 2025)
  • Levene, L. Britannica. (2025). Victoria Memorial. https://www.britannica.com/place/Victoria-Memorial-Kolkata. (accessed on 4th of May, 2025)
  • Presidantial Library, Russia. (2025). Celebrating the 300th anniversary of the Romanov Dynasty, February 21, 1913. https://www.prlib.ru/en/node/438965. (accessed on 4th of May, 2025)
  • Republic of Turkiye Presidency, Head of Communications. (2020). Sultan 2. Abdülhamid Han’ın Yıldız Fotoğraf Koleksiyonu Dijitale Taşındı. https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/yerel_basin/detay/sultan-2-abdulhamid-hanin-yildiz-fotograf-koleksiyonu-dijitale-tasindi. April 10th. (accessed on 23rd of March, 2025)
  • The Royal Household. (2025). Victoria (r. 1837-1901). https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/victoria-r-1837-1901. (accessed on 4th of May, 2025)
  • Unesco, WHC. (2025). Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus). https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/945/. (accessed on 4th of May, 2025)
  • Yapp, M. E. and Shaw, S. J. Britannica. (2025). Rule of Abdülhamid II. https://www.britannica.com/place/Ottoman-Empire/Rule-of-Abdulhamid-II. February 11th. (accessed on 23rd of March, 2025)
  • Malumat Newspaper, Year 1898: No: 474, September 19; No: 477, September 22; No: 538, November 22; No: 541, November 25; No: 551, December 5; No: 570, December 24; No: 577, December 31; No: 649, March 15.
  • Malumat Newspaper, Year 1899: No: 626, February 21; No: 632, February 27; No: 734, June 9; No: 756, July 1; No: 762, July 7; No: 771, July 16; No: 772, July 17; No: 776, July 21; No: 783, July 28; No: 794, August 8; No: 819, September 2; No: 821, September 4; No: 826, September 9; No: 827, September 10; No: 828, September 11; No: 871, October 24.
  • Malumat Newspaper, Year 1900: No: 1144, July 24; No: 1146, July 26; No: 1149, July 29; No: 1158, August 7; No: 1167, August 16; No: 1175, August 24.
  • Malumat Newspaper, Year 1901: No: 1305, January 4; No: 1335, February 4; No: 1385, March 26; No: 1482, July 14; No: 1491, July 10; No: 1505, July 24; No: 1507, July 26; No: 1518, August 6; No: 1534, August 22; No: 1538, August 26.
  • Takvim-i Vekâyi: No. 2, 1831. No. 3284, 4 Temmuz 1918.
  • The London Gazette: No: 26947/1563. 14 March 1898. "Celebration of her majesty's diamond jubilee, 1897". Lord Chamberlain’s Office.
  • The Times: 18 May 1876, col. C, p. 10. Lord Stratford de Redcliffe on the Eastern Question.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Politika ve Yönetim (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sacide Nur Akkaya 0000-0002-1520-9937

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 7 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Akkaya, S. N. (2025). AN ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL SYMBOLISM OF THE PERIOD OF ABDULHAMID II IN THE LIGHT OF THE EXPRESSIONS USED IN THE MALUMAT NEWSPAPER BETWEEN 1898-1901. Al Farabi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 159-182.
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