Araştırma Makalesi
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Determining the Effect of Women's Earthquake Fear on Earthquake Risk Perception

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 801 - 813

Fatma Gündüz , Ezgi Atalay

https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1599856

Öz

Increasing women's resilience against earthquake fear and educating them about disaster risks, promoting gender equality (SDG 5) and strengthening women's leadership are seen as important approaches in disaster management. This study aims to investigate the effect of women's fear of earthquakes on their perception of earthquake risk. It was designed as a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study, conducted with women aged 18 and older living in Türkiye. Data for the study were collected between April 28, 2024, and August 15, 2024, using the "Socio-Demographic Information Form," the "Fear of Earthquake Scale," and the "Earthquake Risk Perception Scale." According to the results, employed participants had lower earthquake fear scores. Participants with moderate economic status had higher earthquake fear scores compared to those with better economic status. A strong positive (r=0.752) and significant (p<0.05) relationship was found between fear of earthquakes and earthquake risk perception. The fear of earthquakes and earthquake risk perceptions of the participants increase significantly together, demonstrating a strong correlation. Researchers examined the effects of earthquake fear on the earthquake risk perception of women living in Türkiye from various perspectives and the important findings can guide policy makers in creating gender equality (SDG 5) policies in disaster management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Women Fear of Earthquake Risk Perception Gender Equality Disaster Management.

Kaynakça

  • Ainuddin, S., Routray, J. K. and Ainuddin, S. (2014). People's risk perception in earthquake prone Quetta city of Baluchistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 7(1),165-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2013.10.006
  • Alpyürür, M. and Lav, M. A. (2022). An assessment of probabilistic seismic hazard for the cities in Southwest Turkey using historical and instrumental earthquake catalogs. Natural Hazards, 114(1), 335-365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05392-x
  • Amini, R., Biglari, F., Khodaveisi, M. and Tapak, L. (2021). Effect of education based on the health belief model on earthquake preparedness in women. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 52(101954). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101954
  • Ao, Y., Zhang, H., Yang, L., Wang, Y., Martek, I. and Wang, G. (2021). Impacts of earthquake knowledge and risk perception on earthquake preparedness of rural residents. Natural Hazards, 107(1), 1287-1310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04632-w
  • Aral, M. and Tunç, G. (2021). A proposal for the establishment of building ıdentity numbers in turkey based on the performance of buildings during earthquakes. Journal of Disaster and Risk, 4(1), 20-41. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.825123
  • Arıkan, R. (2004) Araştırma teknikleri ve rapor hazırlama, Asil Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Arora, S. (2022). Intersectional vulnerability in post‐disaster contexts: lived experiences of Dalit women after the Nepal earthquake, 2015. Disasters, 46(2), 329-347. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12471
  • Ayvazoğlu, G., Çekiç, M. and Yücel, H. (2020). Evaluation of disaster risk perception and disaster preparedness of hatay mustafa kemal university students. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 85–97. 10.29228/sbe.48454
  • Becker, G., Aerts, J. C. and Huitema, D. (2014). Influence of flood risk perception and other factors on risk‐reducing behaviour: a survey of municipalities along the R hine. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 7(1), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12025
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Canpolat, S. and Emir, S. (2024). Experiences of gifted students after the earthquake. Current Psychology, 43 (34), 27635-27648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06405-7
  • Çınğı, T. G. and Yazgan, Ç. Ü. (2022). Examination of risk perception, fear and preparedness of individuals experiencing earthquakes. Journal of Disaster and Risk, 5(2), 656-668. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1138901
  • CRED. (2024). 2023 Disasters in Number. Retrieved September 7, 2020, from https://files.emdat.be/reports/2023_EMDAT_report.pdf
  • Çuvadar, A. and Aksoy, B. (2024). The effects of earthquakes on midwifery students’ fear of death, anxiety and sense of life meaning. Current Psychology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06605-1
  • Cvetković, V. M., Öcal, A. and Ivanov, A. (2019). Young adults’ fear of disasters: A case study of residents from Turkey, Serbia and Macedonia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 35(101095). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101095
  • Dal Zilio, L. and Ampuero, J. P. (2023). Earthquake doublet in Turkey and Syria. Communications Earth & Environment, 4(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00747-z
  • Demirci, H., Bilge, Y., Emiral, E. and Şen, S. (2024). Enhancing recovery in post-earthquake adolescents: examining the impact of a psychoeducational intervention on traumatic stress symptoms and coping strategies. Current Psychology, 43(33), 26983-26996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06333-6 Demirci, K. and Avcu, T. (2021). Problems experienced by women ındividuals in disaster processes and solution suggestions: case of İzmir. Batman University Journal of Life Sciences, 11(1), 86-105.
  • Elliott, J. R. (2020). Earth observation for the assessment of earthquake hazard, risk and disaster management. Surveys in Geophysics, 41(6), 1323-1354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-020-09606-4
  • Fernandez, G., Tun, A. M., Okazaki, K., Zaw, S. H. and Kyaw, K. (2018). Factors influencing fire, earthquake, and cyclone risk perception in Yangon, Myanmar. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 28, 140-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.02.028
  • George, D. and Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson
  • Gökçay, G., Çevirme, A., İncirkuş Küçük, H. and Genç Akgün, Z. (2024). The relationship between earthquake risk perceptions, religious orientation, spiritual well-being in individuals with and without earthquake experience: a cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 5928. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56641-x
  • Gökkaya, E., Çelebi, İ. and Balcı, E. (2024). A study on the relationship between individual disaster resilience, earthquake fear, and psychological resilience of health technician candidates. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, 44(1), 177-196. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.1.0018
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  • Goltz, J. D. and Bourque, L. B. (2017). Earthquakes and human behavior: A sociological perspective. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 21, 251-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.12.007
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Kadınların Deprem Korkusunun Deprem Risk Algısına Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 801 - 813

Fatma Gündüz , Ezgi Atalay

https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1599856

Öz

Kadınların deprem korkusuna karşı dayanıklılıklarının artırılması ve afet riskleri konusunda eğitilmeleri, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin teşvik edilmesi (SKH 5) ve kadın liderliğinin güçlendirilmesi afet yönetiminde önemli yaklaşımlar olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadınların deprem korkusunun deprem riski algıları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Türkiye'de yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzeri kadınlarla yürütülen kesitsel, tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı bir çalışma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri 28 Nisan 2024 - 15 Ağustos 2024 tarihleri arasında "Sosyo-Demografik Bilgi Formu", "Deprem Korkusu Ölçeği" ve "Deprem Riski Algısı Ölçeği" kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre çalışan katılımcıların deprem korku puanları daha düşüktü. Orta düzeyde ekonomik duruma sahip katılımcıların deprem korku puanları, daha iyi ekonomik duruma sahip olanlara göre daha yüksekti. Deprem korkusu ile deprem riski algısı arasında güçlü, pozitif (r=0,752) ve anlamlı (p<0,05) bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların deprem korkusu ve deprem riski algıları birlikte önemli ölçüde artmakta olup, güçlü bir korelasyon göstermektedir. Araştırmacılar, deprem korkusunun Türkiye'de yaşayan kadınların deprem riski algısı üzerindeki etkilerini çeşitli perspektiflerden incelemiş olup bulgular, afet yönetiminde cinsiyet eşitliği (SDG 5) politikaları oluşturmada politika yapıcılara rehberlik edebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kadınlar Deprem Korkusu Risk Algısı Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Afet Yönetimi.

Kaynakça

  • Ainuddin, S., Routray, J. K. and Ainuddin, S. (2014). People's risk perception in earthquake prone Quetta city of Baluchistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 7(1),165-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2013.10.006
  • Alpyürür, M. and Lav, M. A. (2022). An assessment of probabilistic seismic hazard for the cities in Southwest Turkey using historical and instrumental earthquake catalogs. Natural Hazards, 114(1), 335-365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05392-x
  • Amini, R., Biglari, F., Khodaveisi, M. and Tapak, L. (2021). Effect of education based on the health belief model on earthquake preparedness in women. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 52(101954). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101954
  • Ao, Y., Zhang, H., Yang, L., Wang, Y., Martek, I. and Wang, G. (2021). Impacts of earthquake knowledge and risk perception on earthquake preparedness of rural residents. Natural Hazards, 107(1), 1287-1310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04632-w
  • Aral, M. and Tunç, G. (2021). A proposal for the establishment of building ıdentity numbers in turkey based on the performance of buildings during earthquakes. Journal of Disaster and Risk, 4(1), 20-41. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.825123
  • Arıkan, R. (2004) Araştırma teknikleri ve rapor hazırlama, Asil Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Arora, S. (2022). Intersectional vulnerability in post‐disaster contexts: lived experiences of Dalit women after the Nepal earthquake, 2015. Disasters, 46(2), 329-347. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12471
  • Ayvazoğlu, G., Çekiç, M. and Yücel, H. (2020). Evaluation of disaster risk perception and disaster preparedness of hatay mustafa kemal university students. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 85–97. 10.29228/sbe.48454
  • Becker, G., Aerts, J. C. and Huitema, D. (2014). Influence of flood risk perception and other factors on risk‐reducing behaviour: a survey of municipalities along the R hine. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 7(1), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12025
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Canpolat, S. and Emir, S. (2024). Experiences of gifted students after the earthquake. Current Psychology, 43 (34), 27635-27648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06405-7
  • Çınğı, T. G. and Yazgan, Ç. Ü. (2022). Examination of risk perception, fear and preparedness of individuals experiencing earthquakes. Journal of Disaster and Risk, 5(2), 656-668. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1138901
  • CRED. (2024). 2023 Disasters in Number. Retrieved September 7, 2020, from https://files.emdat.be/reports/2023_EMDAT_report.pdf
  • Çuvadar, A. and Aksoy, B. (2024). The effects of earthquakes on midwifery students’ fear of death, anxiety and sense of life meaning. Current Psychology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06605-1
  • Cvetković, V. M., Öcal, A. and Ivanov, A. (2019). Young adults’ fear of disasters: A case study of residents from Turkey, Serbia and Macedonia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 35(101095). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101095
  • Dal Zilio, L. and Ampuero, J. P. (2023). Earthquake doublet in Turkey and Syria. Communications Earth & Environment, 4(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00747-z
  • Demirci, H., Bilge, Y., Emiral, E. and Şen, S. (2024). Enhancing recovery in post-earthquake adolescents: examining the impact of a psychoeducational intervention on traumatic stress symptoms and coping strategies. Current Psychology, 43(33), 26983-26996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06333-6 Demirci, K. and Avcu, T. (2021). Problems experienced by women ındividuals in disaster processes and solution suggestions: case of İzmir. Batman University Journal of Life Sciences, 11(1), 86-105.
  • Elliott, J. R. (2020). Earth observation for the assessment of earthquake hazard, risk and disaster management. Surveys in Geophysics, 41(6), 1323-1354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-020-09606-4
  • Fernandez, G., Tun, A. M., Okazaki, K., Zaw, S. H. and Kyaw, K. (2018). Factors influencing fire, earthquake, and cyclone risk perception in Yangon, Myanmar. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 28, 140-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.02.028
  • George, D. and Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson
  • Gökçay, G., Çevirme, A., İncirkuş Küçük, H. and Genç Akgün, Z. (2024). The relationship between earthquake risk perceptions, religious orientation, spiritual well-being in individuals with and without earthquake experience: a cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 5928. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56641-x
  • Gökkaya, E., Çelebi, İ. and Balcı, E. (2024). A study on the relationship between individual disaster resilience, earthquake fear, and psychological resilience of health technician candidates. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, 44(1), 177-196. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.1.0018
  • Goltz, J. D. (2016). Status and power differentials in the generation of fear in three California earthquakes. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 16, 200-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.02.011
  • Goltz, J. D. and Bourque, L. B. (2017). Earthquakes and human behavior: A sociological perspective. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 21, 251-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.12.007
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  • Gündüz, F. (2022). Lessons Learned from the Perspective of Women and Gender in Disasters, The Case of Haiti, and Japan Earthquake. IBAD Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 440-460. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.1039215
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  • Gündüz, F. (2024). A phenomenological study on women's disaster experience in Türkiye, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 100 (104196), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104196
  • Ilgın, H. Ö. and Karagül, D. (2022). Experiences of civil society organization employees ın gender ınequality for women ın disaster processes: the case of çanakkale province. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 7(2), 85-103.
  • Joshi, N., Roberts, R., Tryggvason, A. and Lund, B. (2024). Earthquake disaster fatality data: Temporally stable power law behavior and effects of underreporting. Seismological Research Letters, 95(4), 2422-2427. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220230342
  • Kalafat, D., Zülfikar, A. C., and Akcan, S. O. (2021). Seismicity of Turkey and real-time seismology applications in determining earthquake hazard. Academic Platform Journal of Natural Hazards and Disaster Management, 2(2), 96-111. https://doi.org/10.52114/apjhad.1039670
  • Kaplan, V., Alkasaby, M., Düken, M. E., Kaçkin, Ö. and Riad, A. (2024). The impact of earthquakes on women: assessing women's mental health in aftermath of the Kahramanmaraş-centred earthquake in Türkiye. Journal of Public Health, 46 (3). https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdae059
  • Kartal, B. and Çıtak, G. (2024). Being a woman in disasters: experiences of disaster workers in Turkey. Global Health Promotion. https://doi.org/10.1177/17579759241255069
  • Kiani, U. B. N., Najam, F. A. and Rana, I. A. (2022). The impact of risk perception on earthquake preparedness: An empirical study from Rawalakot, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 76(102989). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102989
  • Kung, Y. W. and Chen, S. H. (2012). Perception of earthquake risk in Taiwan: Effects of gender and past earthquake experience. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 32(9), 1535-1546. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01760.x
  • Kurt, A., Topan, A. and Akkoç, B. (2024). Early childhood stress and behavioural problems in children following the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Turkey. Current Psychology, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06788-7
  • Llorente-Marrón, M., Díaz-Fernández, M., Méndez-Rodríguez, P. and González Arias, R. (2020). Social vulnerability, gender and disasters. The case of Haiti in 2010. Sustainability, 12(9), 3574. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093574
  • Lovekamp, W. E. and Tate, M. L. (2008). College student disaster risk, fear and preparedness. International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters. 26(2), 70-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/028072700802600201
  • Marshall, J., Wiltshire, J., Delva, J., Bello, T. and Masys, A. J. (2020). Natural and manmade disasters: vulnerable populations. In A.J. Masys, R. Izurieta and M. Reina Ortiz, (Eds) Global Health Security. Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications (pp. 143-16). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23491-1_7
  • Mavrouli, M., Mavroulis, S., Lekkas, E. and Tsakris, A. (2023). The impact of earthquakes on public health: A narrative review of infectious diseases in the post-disaster period aiming to disaster risk reduction, Microorganisms, 11(2), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020419
  • Mızrak, S. and Aslan, R. (2020). Disaster risk perception of university students. Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, 11(4), 411-433. https://doi.org/10.1002/rhc3.12202
  • Mızrak, S., Özdemir, A. and Aslan, R. (2021). Adaptation of hurricane risk perception scale to earthquake risk perception and determining the factors affecting women's earthquake risk perception. Natural Hazards, 109(3), 2241-2259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04918-z
  • Naddaf, M. (2023). Turkey-Syria earthquake: what scientists know. Nature, 614, 398-399. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-00364-y
  • Niforatos, S., Panagiotakos, D. and Delladetsimas, P. M. (2024). Socio-demographic determinants of earthquake risk perception: the case of the Corinthiakos Gulf, in Greece. Natural Hazards, 120(4), 3847-386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06356-5
  • Okur, S., Karaağaç, Z. G., Yılmaz, F. B., Kütük, H. and Satici, S. A. (2024). Earthquake fear and flourishing: serial mediation of meaningful living and psychological adjustment. Environmental Hazards, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2024.2354784
  • O'Neill, E., Brereton, F., Shahumyan, H. and Clinch, J. P. (2016). The impact of perceived flood exposure on flood‐risk perception: The role of distance. Risk Analysis, 36(11), 2158-2186. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12597
  • Prizmić-Larsen, Z., Vujčić, M. T. and Lipovčan, L. K. (2023). Fear of COVID-19 and fear of Earthquake: multiple distressing events and well-being in Croatia. Psychological reports, https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941231156813
  • Rahman, M. L. (2019). Risk perception and awareness of earthquake: the case of Dhaka, International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(1), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-04-2018-0020
  • Santos-Reyes, J. (2020). Multi-hazard awareness, risk perception and fear to earthquakes: the case of high-school students in Mexico City. Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.2991/jracr.k.200923.001
  • Satıcı, S. A., Okur, S., Deniz, M. E., Karaağaç, Z. G., Yılmaz, F. B., Kütük, H. and Kaya, Y. (2024). The development and initial validation of the Earthquake Fear Scale: Its links to personality traits, psychological distress, harmony in life, and mental wellbeing, Stress and Health, 40(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3306
  • Şeremet, M., Phua, V. C., Cihangir, E., Bayram-Öz, E., Okudum, R. and Alaeddinoğlu, F. (2024). Precarity and patriarchal bargain: women's experiences in post-disaster recovery housing after the 2011 Van earthquake. Gender, Place & Culture, 31(7), 954-978. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2023.2229063
  • Shavit, T., Shahrabani, S., Benzion, U. and Rosenboim, M. (2013). The effect of a forest fire disaster on emotions and perceptions of risk: A field study after the Carmel fire. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 36, 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.07.018
  • Tearne, J. E., Guragain, B., Ghimire, L., Leaning, J. and Newnham, E. A. (2021). The health and security of women and girls following disaster: A qualitative investigation in post-earthquake Nepal. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 66(102622). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102622
  • Tercan, B. (2023). Evaluation of individuals' perception of disaster risk in terms of various variables. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 12(3), 1279-1287. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1180447
  • Tian, L., Yao, P. and Jiang, S. J. (2014). Perception of earthquake risk: a study of the earthquake insurance pilot area in China. Natural Hazards, 74, 1595-1611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1257-6
  • Trumbo, C. W., Peek, L., Meyer, M. A., Marlatt, H. L., Gruntfest, E., McNoldy, B. D. and Schubert, W. H. (2016). A cognitive‐affective scale for hurricane risk perception. Risk Analysis, 36(12), 2233-2246. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12575
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  • Ural, A., Yalçın, E., Aydın, E. İ. and Akarsu, R. H. (2024). Women's Experiences in the Aftermath of the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes in Türkiye: A Phenomenological Study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, No. 104617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104617
  • Usta G. (2023). Statistical Analysis of Disasters in the World (1900-2022). Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1), 172-186.
  • Usta, G., Topruş, K., Kanbay, Y. and Özbay, S. Ç. (2024). Examination of factors associated with earthquake fear and coping strategies used. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 15(1), 746-763. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1387250 Usta, G., Torpuş, K., Kanbay, Y. and Çınar Özbay, S. (2023). The Turkish adaptation of the fear of earthquake scale. Natural Hazards, 120(1), 463-476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06228-y
  • Wang, X., Peng, L., Huang, K. and Deng, W. (2022). Identifying the influence of disaster education on the risk perception of rural residents in geohazard-prone areas: A propensity score-matched study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 71(102795). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102795
  • Yadav, P., Saville, N., Arjyal, A., Baral, S., Kostkova, P. and Fordham, M. (2021). A feminist vision for transformative change to disaster risk reduction policies and practices. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 54(102026). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.102026
  • Yildiz, A., Dickinson, J., Priego‐Hernández, J., Teeuw, R. and Shaw, R. (2024). Effects of disaster education on children's risk perception and preparedness: A quasi‐experimental longitudinal study. The Geographical Journal, 190(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12556
  • Yoosefi Lebni, J., Khorami, F., Ebadi Fard Azar, F., Khosravi, B., Safari, H. and Ziapour, A. (2020). Experiences of rural women with damages resulting from an earthquake in Iran: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 20, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08752-z
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kadın Araştırmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fatma Gündüz 0000-0001-9585-3759

Ezgi Atalay 0000-0002-7404-4351

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gündüz, F., & Atalay, E. (2025). Determining the Effect of Women’s Earthquake Fear on Earthquake Risk Perception. Firat University Journal of Social Sciences, 35(2), 801-813. https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1599856
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