Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Possible effect of E-SELECTIN (Ser128Arg), L-SELECTIN (Pro213Ser), P-SELECTIN (Thr715Pro) gene polymorphisms for COVID-19 disease severity

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 21 - 27, 30.04.2025

Nihan Bozkurt , Figen Güzelgül , Nejmiye Akkuş , Kübra Şahin , Sadegul Tuncer Savkin , Tuncay Yiğit

https://doi.org/10.51753/flsrt.1580594

Öz

COVID-19 is an inflammatory disease characterized by a severe immune response, the pathogenesis of which is mediated by many cytokines. It was determined that the cytokine storm that occurs during severe infection may trigger coagulopathy by disrupting the interaction between platelets, endothelium, and leukocytes. Selectins (P-SELECTIN, L-SELECTIN, E-SELECTIN) are active in the mammalian immune system, especially in tissues. They are important adhesion molecules that play a part in the formation of the inflammatory response and the healing process. In this study, the probable effects of L-SELECTIN, P-SELECTIN, and E-SELECTIN gene variations on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 (on the severity and course of the disease) were investigated. In this direction, 44 controls and 129 patients (45 mild symptoms, 30 ward patients, and 54 intensive care patients) were included in the study. Genotyping of selectin polymorphisms was performed by the PCR-Restriction Fragment-Length Polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. In E-SELECTIN, CC genotype and C allele frequency were higher in inpatients than in the control group. The allele frequency and AA genotype were higher in the control group (p = 0.0001). No significant relationship was detected with P-SELECTIN and L-SELECTIN polymorphisms. In addition, the binary genotype distribution between the loci studied in our study and the control groups was also examined. Statistically significant differences were detected in P-SELECTIN/E-SELECTIN and E-SELECTIN/L-SELECTIN binary genotypes. Therefore, it was concluded that binary genotypes may affect disease severity or the course of the disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 E-SELECTIN L-SELECTIN P-SELECTIN polymorphisms susceptibility

Etik Beyan

Blood samples taken from volunteers were used in the study and the Declaration of Helsinki was complied with. Necessary permissions were obtained by Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Non-invasive Clinical Research Ethics Committee (22-KAEK-211).

Kaynakça

  • Abdelmageed, M., Guzelgul, F., Yalin, S., & Akkapulu, M. (2025). Determination of oxidative stress and copeptin levels of COVID-19 according to the clinical course. Microbial Pathogenesis, 199, 107263.
  • Agrati, C., Bordoni, V., Sacchi, A., Petrosillo, N., Nicastri, E., Del Nonno, F., ... & Bibas, M. (2021a). Elevated P-selectin in severe Covid-19: considerations for therapeutic options. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 13(1), e2021016.
  • Agrati, C., Sacchi, A., Tartaglia, E., Vergori, A., Gagliardini, R., Scarabello, A., & Bibas, M. (2021b). The role of P-selectin in COVID-19 coagulopathy: an updated review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(15), 7942.
  • Aljadah, M., Khan, N., Beyer, A. M., Chen, Y., Blanker, A., & Widlansky, M. E. (2024). Clinical implications of COVID-19-related endothelial dysfunction. JACC: Advances, 3(8), 101070.
  • Anastassopoulou, C., Gkizarioti, Z., Patrinos, G. P., & Tsakris, A. (2020). Human genetic factors associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity. Human Genomics, 14(1), 40.
  • Attiq, A., Afzal, S., Wahab, H. A., Ahmad, W., Kandeel, M., Almofti, Y. A., ... & Wu, Y. S. (2024). Cytokine Storm-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction in COVID-19: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 4215-4240.
  • Birnhuber, A., Fliesser, E., Gorkiewicz, G., Zacharias, M., Seeliger, B., David, S., ... & Kwapiszewska, G. (2021). Between inflammation and thrombosis: endothelial cells in COVID-19. The European Respiratory Journal, 58(3), 2100377.
  • Bortolotti, D., Gentili, V., Rizzo, S., Schiuma, G., Beltrami, S., Spadaro, S., Strazzabosco G, ... & Contoli, M. (2021). Increased sHLA-G is associated with improved COVID-19 outcome and reduced neutrophil adhesion. Viruses, 13(9), 1855.
  • Campo, G., Contoli, M., Fogagnolo, A., Vieceli Dalla Sega, F., Zucchetti, O., Ronzoni, L., ... & Spadaro, S. (2021). Over time relationship between platelet reactivity, myocardial injury and mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure. Platelets, 32(4), 560-567.
  • Debnath, M., Banerjee, M., & Berk, M. (2020). Genetic gateways to COVID‐19 infection: implications for risk, severity, and outcomes. The FASEB Journal, 34(7), 8787-8795.
  • Dieter, C., Brondani, L. D. A., Leitão, C. B., Gerchman, F., Lemos, N. E., & Crispim, D. (2022). Genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 disease and severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 17(7), e0270627.
  • Eketunde, A. O., Mellacheruvu, S. P., & Oreoluwa, P. (2020). A review of postmortem findings in patients with COVID-19. Cureus, 12(7).
  • Elhabyan, A., Elyaacoub, S., Sanad, E., Abukhadra, A., Elhabyan, A., & Dinu, V. (2020). The role of host genetics in susceptibility to severe viral infections in humans and insights into host genetics of severe COVID-19: A systematic review. Virus Research, 289, 198163.
  • Fenyves, B. G., Mehta, A., Kays, K. R., COVID, M., Goldberg, M. B., Hacohen, N., & Filbin, M. R. (2021). Plasma P-selectin is an early marker of thromboembolism in COVID-19. MedRxiv.
  • Golubeva, M. G. (2022). Role of P-Selectin in the Development of Hemostasis Disorders in COVID-19. Biology Bulletin Reviews, 12(4), 406-413.
  • Hirata, T. (2016). Blood Vascular Endothelial Adhesion Molecules. Encyclopedia of Immunobiology, 3, 512-519.
  • Job, M. S. B., Chacko, B., Selvarajan, S., Peter, J. V., Geevar, T., Dave, R. G., ... & Srivastava, A. (2024). Biomarkers of coagulation, endothelial, platelet function, and fibrinolysis in patients with COVID-19: a prospective study. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 2011.
  • Imhof, B. A., & Dunon, D. (1995). Leukocyte migration and adhesion. Advances in Immunology, 58, 345-416.
  • Karsli, E., Sabirli, R., Altintas, E., Canacik, O., Sabirli, G. T., Kaymaz, B., ... & Koseler, A. (2021). Soluble P-selectin as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for COVID-19 disease: a case-control study. Life Sciences, 277, 119634.
  • Li, Z., Zeng, M., Wu, T., Wang, Z., Sun, Y., Zhang, Z., ... & Meng, F. (2024). Causal effects of COVID-19 on the risk of thrombosis: a two-sample Mendel randomization study. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 124(08), 709-720.
  • Longo, C., & Wakefield, T. W. (2007). Fundamental Mechanisms in Venous Thrombosis. In The Vein Book (pp. 331-338). Academic Press.
  • Maltezou, H. C. (2025). Post COVID syndrome in children compared with adults. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7(2), 26.
  • Manne, B. K., Denorme, F., Middleton, E. A., Portier, I., Rowley, J. W., Stubben, C., ... & Campbell, R. A. (2020). Platelet gene expression and function in patients with COVID-19. Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology, 136(11), 1317-1329.
  • Mantovani, A., & Dejana, E. (1998). Endothelium, encyclopedia of ımmunology (Second Edition), pp. 802-806.
  • Mohanty, S. K., Satapathy, A., Naidu, M. M., Mukhopadhyay, S., Sharma, S., Barton, L. M., ... & Parwani, A. V. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)–anatomic pathology perspective on current knowledge. Diagnostic Pathology, 15, 1-17.
  • Oliva, A., Rando, E., Al Ismail, D., De Angelis, M., Cancelli, F., Miele, M. C., ... & Mastroianni, C. M. (2021). Role of serum E-selectin as a biomarker of infection severity in coronavirus disease 2019. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(17), 4018.
  • Ozturk, R. (2020). COVID-19: pathogenesis, genetic polymorphism, clinical features and laboratory findings. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50(9), 638-657.
  • Petito, E., Franco, L., Falcinelli, E., Guglielmini, G., Conti, C., Vaudo, G., ... & COVIR‐Study Investigators. (2023). COVID‐19 infection‐associated platelet and neutrophil activation is blunted by previous anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. British Journal of Haematology, 201(5), 851-856.
  • Prihatni, D., Budianto, F. C., Andriyoko, B., & Trisa, S. (2023). The Correlation Between sP-Selectin and Platelet Count in COVID-19 Patients in Referral Hospital, West Java Indonesia. Journal of Blood Medicine, 555-561.
  • Sayyadi, M., Hassani, S., Shams, M., & Dorgalaleh, A. (2023). Status of major hemostatic components in the setting of COVID-19: the effect on endothelium, platelets, coagulation factors, fibrinolytic system, and complement. Annals of Hematology, 102(6), 1307-1322.
  • Seery, V., Raiden, S. C., Algieri, S. C., Grisolía, N. A., Filippo, D., De Carli, N., ... & Arruvito, L. (2021). Blood neutrophils from children with COVID-19 exhibit both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers. EBioMedicine, 67.
  • Selvaraj, C., Abhirami, R., Vijayakumar, R., Alfaiz, F. A., & Singh, S. K. (2022). Immunological insights of selectins in human disease mechanism. Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, 129, 163-188.
  • Smadja, D. M., Guerin, C. L., Chocron, R., Yatim, N., Boussier, J., Gendron, N., ... & Diehl, J. L. (2020). Angiopoietin-2 as a marker of endothelial activation is a good predictor factor for intensive care unit admission of COVID-19 patients. Angiogenesis, 23, 611-620.
  • Šmak, P., Chandrabose, S., Tvaroška, I., & Koča, J. (2021). Pan-selectin inhibitors as potential therapeutics for COVID-19 treatment: in silico screening study. Glycobiology, 31(8), 975-987.
  • Spadaro, S., Fogagnolo, A., Campo, G., Zucchetti, O., Verri, M., Ottaviani, I., ... & Contoli, M. (2021). Markers of endothelial and epithelial pulmonary injury in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ICU patients. Critical Care, 25, 1-9.
  • Srivastava, S., Kumari, B., Garg, I., Dogra, V., Ghosh, N., Singh, Y., ... & Ganju, L. (2022). Gene variants in pro-coagulant and anti-coagulant genes could be prognostic genetic markers of COVID-19 susceptibility. Heliyon, 8(11).
  • Vassiliou, A. G., Keskinidou, C., Jahaj, E., Gallos, P., Dimopoulou, I., Kotanidou, A., & Orfanos, S. E. (2021). ICU admission levels of endothelial biomarkers as predictors of mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Cells, 10(1), 186.
  • Watany, M. M., Abdou, S., Elkolaly, R., Elgharbawy, N., & Hodeib, H. (2022). Evaluation of admission levels of P, E and L selectins as predictors for thrombosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 22(4), 567-575.
  • Wong, D., & Dorovini-Zis, K. (1996). Regulation by cytokines and lipopolysaccharide of E-selectin expression by human brain microvessel endothelial cells in primary culture. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, 55(2), 225-235.
  • Wu, X., Xiang, M., Jing, H., Wang, C., Novakovic, V. A., & Shi, J. (2024). Damage to endothelial barriers and its contribution to long COVID. Angiogenesis, 27(1), 5-22.
  • Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Xu, S., Zhu, Z., Li, J., Wang, Z., ... & Liu, J. (2023). Oxidative stress induces E-selectin expression through repression of endothelial transcription factor ERG. The Journal of Immunology, 211(12), 1835-1843.
  • Zlibut, A., Bocsan, I. C., & Agoston-Coldea, L. (2019). Pentraxin-3 and endothelial dysfunction. Advances in Clinical Chemistry, 91, 163-179.

Possible effect of E-SELECTIN (Ser128Arg), L-SELECTIN (Pro213Ser), P-SELECTIN (Thr715Pro) gene polymorphisms for COVID-19 disease severity

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 21 - 27, 30.04.2025

Nihan Bozkurt , Figen Güzelgül , Nejmiye Akkuş , Kübra Şahin , Sadegul Tuncer Savkin , Tuncay Yiğit

https://doi.org/10.51753/flsrt.1580594

Öz

COVID-19 is an inflammatory disease characterized by a severe immune response, the pathogenesis of which is mediated by many cytokines. It was determined that the cytokine storm that occurs during severe infection may trigger coagulopathy by disrupting the interaction between platelets, endothelium, and leukocytes. Selectins (P-SELECTIN, L-SELECTIN, E-SELECTIN) are active in the mammalian immune system, especially in tissues. They are important adhesion molecules that play a part in the formation of the inflammatory response and the healing process. In this study, the probable effects of L-SELECTIN, P-SELECTIN, and E-SELECTIN gene variations on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 (on the severity and course of the disease) were investigated. In this direction, 44 controls and 129 patients (45 mild symptoms, 30 ward patients, and 54 intensive care patients) were included in the study. Genotyping of selectin polymorphisms was performed by the PCR-Restriction Fragment-Length Polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. In E-SELECTIN, CC genotype and C allele frequency were higher in inpatients than in the control group. The allele frequency and AA genotype were higher in the control group (p = 0.0001). No significant relationship was detected with P-SELECTIN and L-SELECTIN polymorphisms. In addition, the binary genotype distribution between the loci studied in our study and the control groups was also examined. Statistically significant differences were detected in P-SELECTIN/E-SELECTIN and E-SELECTIN/L-SELECTIN binary genotypes. Therefore, it was concluded that binary genotypes may affect disease severity or the course of the disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 E-SELECTIN L-SELECTIN P-SELECTIN polymorphisms susceptibility

Etik Beyan

Blood samples taken from volunteers were used in the study and the Declaration of Helsinki was complied with. Necessary permissions were obtained by Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Non-invasive Clinical Research Ethics Committee (22-KAEK-211).

Kaynakça

  • Abdelmageed, M., Guzelgul, F., Yalin, S., & Akkapulu, M. (2025). Determination of oxidative stress and copeptin levels of COVID-19 according to the clinical course. Microbial Pathogenesis, 199, 107263.
  • Agrati, C., Bordoni, V., Sacchi, A., Petrosillo, N., Nicastri, E., Del Nonno, F., ... & Bibas, M. (2021a). Elevated P-selectin in severe Covid-19: considerations for therapeutic options. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 13(1), e2021016.
  • Agrati, C., Sacchi, A., Tartaglia, E., Vergori, A., Gagliardini, R., Scarabello, A., & Bibas, M. (2021b). The role of P-selectin in COVID-19 coagulopathy: an updated review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(15), 7942.
  • Aljadah, M., Khan, N., Beyer, A. M., Chen, Y., Blanker, A., & Widlansky, M. E. (2024). Clinical implications of COVID-19-related endothelial dysfunction. JACC: Advances, 3(8), 101070.
  • Anastassopoulou, C., Gkizarioti, Z., Patrinos, G. P., & Tsakris, A. (2020). Human genetic factors associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity. Human Genomics, 14(1), 40.
  • Attiq, A., Afzal, S., Wahab, H. A., Ahmad, W., Kandeel, M., Almofti, Y. A., ... & Wu, Y. S. (2024). Cytokine Storm-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction in COVID-19: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 4215-4240.
  • Birnhuber, A., Fliesser, E., Gorkiewicz, G., Zacharias, M., Seeliger, B., David, S., ... & Kwapiszewska, G. (2021). Between inflammation and thrombosis: endothelial cells in COVID-19. The European Respiratory Journal, 58(3), 2100377.
  • Bortolotti, D., Gentili, V., Rizzo, S., Schiuma, G., Beltrami, S., Spadaro, S., Strazzabosco G, ... & Contoli, M. (2021). Increased sHLA-G is associated with improved COVID-19 outcome and reduced neutrophil adhesion. Viruses, 13(9), 1855.
  • Campo, G., Contoli, M., Fogagnolo, A., Vieceli Dalla Sega, F., Zucchetti, O., Ronzoni, L., ... & Spadaro, S. (2021). Over time relationship between platelet reactivity, myocardial injury and mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure. Platelets, 32(4), 560-567.
  • Debnath, M., Banerjee, M., & Berk, M. (2020). Genetic gateways to COVID‐19 infection: implications for risk, severity, and outcomes. The FASEB Journal, 34(7), 8787-8795.
  • Dieter, C., Brondani, L. D. A., Leitão, C. B., Gerchman, F., Lemos, N. E., & Crispim, D. (2022). Genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 disease and severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 17(7), e0270627.
  • Eketunde, A. O., Mellacheruvu, S. P., & Oreoluwa, P. (2020). A review of postmortem findings in patients with COVID-19. Cureus, 12(7).
  • Elhabyan, A., Elyaacoub, S., Sanad, E., Abukhadra, A., Elhabyan, A., & Dinu, V. (2020). The role of host genetics in susceptibility to severe viral infections in humans and insights into host genetics of severe COVID-19: A systematic review. Virus Research, 289, 198163.
  • Fenyves, B. G., Mehta, A., Kays, K. R., COVID, M., Goldberg, M. B., Hacohen, N., & Filbin, M. R. (2021). Plasma P-selectin is an early marker of thromboembolism in COVID-19. MedRxiv.
  • Golubeva, M. G. (2022). Role of P-Selectin in the Development of Hemostasis Disorders in COVID-19. Biology Bulletin Reviews, 12(4), 406-413.
  • Hirata, T. (2016). Blood Vascular Endothelial Adhesion Molecules. Encyclopedia of Immunobiology, 3, 512-519.
  • Job, M. S. B., Chacko, B., Selvarajan, S., Peter, J. V., Geevar, T., Dave, R. G., ... & Srivastava, A. (2024). Biomarkers of coagulation, endothelial, platelet function, and fibrinolysis in patients with COVID-19: a prospective study. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 2011.
  • Imhof, B. A., & Dunon, D. (1995). Leukocyte migration and adhesion. Advances in Immunology, 58, 345-416.
  • Karsli, E., Sabirli, R., Altintas, E., Canacik, O., Sabirli, G. T., Kaymaz, B., ... & Koseler, A. (2021). Soluble P-selectin as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for COVID-19 disease: a case-control study. Life Sciences, 277, 119634.
  • Li, Z., Zeng, M., Wu, T., Wang, Z., Sun, Y., Zhang, Z., ... & Meng, F. (2024). Causal effects of COVID-19 on the risk of thrombosis: a two-sample Mendel randomization study. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 124(08), 709-720.
  • Longo, C., & Wakefield, T. W. (2007). Fundamental Mechanisms in Venous Thrombosis. In The Vein Book (pp. 331-338). Academic Press.
  • Maltezou, H. C. (2025). Post COVID syndrome in children compared with adults. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7(2), 26.
  • Manne, B. K., Denorme, F., Middleton, E. A., Portier, I., Rowley, J. W., Stubben, C., ... & Campbell, R. A. (2020). Platelet gene expression and function in patients with COVID-19. Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology, 136(11), 1317-1329.
  • Mantovani, A., & Dejana, E. (1998). Endothelium, encyclopedia of ımmunology (Second Edition), pp. 802-806.
  • Mohanty, S. K., Satapathy, A., Naidu, M. M., Mukhopadhyay, S., Sharma, S., Barton, L. M., ... & Parwani, A. V. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)–anatomic pathology perspective on current knowledge. Diagnostic Pathology, 15, 1-17.
  • Oliva, A., Rando, E., Al Ismail, D., De Angelis, M., Cancelli, F., Miele, M. C., ... & Mastroianni, C. M. (2021). Role of serum E-selectin as a biomarker of infection severity in coronavirus disease 2019. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(17), 4018.
  • Ozturk, R. (2020). COVID-19: pathogenesis, genetic polymorphism, clinical features and laboratory findings. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50(9), 638-657.
  • Petito, E., Franco, L., Falcinelli, E., Guglielmini, G., Conti, C., Vaudo, G., ... & COVIR‐Study Investigators. (2023). COVID‐19 infection‐associated platelet and neutrophil activation is blunted by previous anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. British Journal of Haematology, 201(5), 851-856.
  • Prihatni, D., Budianto, F. C., Andriyoko, B., & Trisa, S. (2023). The Correlation Between sP-Selectin and Platelet Count in COVID-19 Patients in Referral Hospital, West Java Indonesia. Journal of Blood Medicine, 555-561.
  • Sayyadi, M., Hassani, S., Shams, M., & Dorgalaleh, A. (2023). Status of major hemostatic components in the setting of COVID-19: the effect on endothelium, platelets, coagulation factors, fibrinolytic system, and complement. Annals of Hematology, 102(6), 1307-1322.
  • Seery, V., Raiden, S. C., Algieri, S. C., Grisolía, N. A., Filippo, D., De Carli, N., ... & Arruvito, L. (2021). Blood neutrophils from children with COVID-19 exhibit both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers. EBioMedicine, 67.
  • Selvaraj, C., Abhirami, R., Vijayakumar, R., Alfaiz, F. A., & Singh, S. K. (2022). Immunological insights of selectins in human disease mechanism. Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, 129, 163-188.
  • Smadja, D. M., Guerin, C. L., Chocron, R., Yatim, N., Boussier, J., Gendron, N., ... & Diehl, J. L. (2020). Angiopoietin-2 as a marker of endothelial activation is a good predictor factor for intensive care unit admission of COVID-19 patients. Angiogenesis, 23, 611-620.
  • Šmak, P., Chandrabose, S., Tvaroška, I., & Koča, J. (2021). Pan-selectin inhibitors as potential therapeutics for COVID-19 treatment: in silico screening study. Glycobiology, 31(8), 975-987.
  • Spadaro, S., Fogagnolo, A., Campo, G., Zucchetti, O., Verri, M., Ottaviani, I., ... & Contoli, M. (2021). Markers of endothelial and epithelial pulmonary injury in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ICU patients. Critical Care, 25, 1-9.
  • Srivastava, S., Kumari, B., Garg, I., Dogra, V., Ghosh, N., Singh, Y., ... & Ganju, L. (2022). Gene variants in pro-coagulant and anti-coagulant genes could be prognostic genetic markers of COVID-19 susceptibility. Heliyon, 8(11).
  • Vassiliou, A. G., Keskinidou, C., Jahaj, E., Gallos, P., Dimopoulou, I., Kotanidou, A., & Orfanos, S. E. (2021). ICU admission levels of endothelial biomarkers as predictors of mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Cells, 10(1), 186.
  • Watany, M. M., Abdou, S., Elkolaly, R., Elgharbawy, N., & Hodeib, H. (2022). Evaluation of admission levels of P, E and L selectins as predictors for thrombosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 22(4), 567-575.
  • Wong, D., & Dorovini-Zis, K. (1996). Regulation by cytokines and lipopolysaccharide of E-selectin expression by human brain microvessel endothelial cells in primary culture. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, 55(2), 225-235.
  • Wu, X., Xiang, M., Jing, H., Wang, C., Novakovic, V. A., & Shi, J. (2024). Damage to endothelial barriers and its contribution to long COVID. Angiogenesis, 27(1), 5-22.
  • Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Xu, S., Zhu, Z., Li, J., Wang, Z., ... & Liu, J. (2023). Oxidative stress induces E-selectin expression through repression of endothelial transcription factor ERG. The Journal of Immunology, 211(12), 1835-1843.
  • Zlibut, A., Bocsan, I. C., & Agoston-Coldea, L. (2019). Pentraxin-3 and endothelial dysfunction. Advances in Clinical Chemistry, 91, 163-179.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Biyokimya ve Hücre Biyolojisi (Diğer), Genetik (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Nihan Bozkurt 0000-0002-2283-0828

Figen Güzelgül 0000-0002-2796-9511

Nejmiye Akkuş 0000-0002-5801-534X

Kübra Şahin 0000-0001-9870-0176

Sadegul Tuncer Savkin 0000-0002-9284-9102

Tuncay Yiğit 0000-0003-3074-6818

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 21 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozkurt, N., Güzelgül, F., Akkuş, N., Şahin, K., vd. (2025). Possible effect of E-SELECTIN (Ser128Arg), L-SELECTIN (Pro213Ser), P-SELECTIN (Thr715Pro) gene polymorphisms for COVID-19 disease severity. Frontiers in Life Sciences and Related Technologies, 6(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.51753/flsrt.1580594
 Kapak Resmi İndir

Creative Commons License

Frontiers in Life Sciences and Related Technologies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.