D vitamininin periodontal hastalıklar ve diş çürüğü ile ilişkisi

Nezahat Sena Satan; Zühre Zafersoy Akarslan

doi:10.17214/gaziaot.1362444

Derleme

Association of Vitamin D with periodontal diseases and dental caries

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 2, 96 - 100, 05.05.2025

Nezahat Sena Satan , Zühre Zafersoy Akarslan

https://doi.org/10.17214/gaziaot.1362444

Öz

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble, steroidal pro-hormone that is essential for the body and is mostly produced by the interaction of sunlight with the skin. This vitamin regulates calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism through the parathyroid glands, bone, intestine, and kidneys. Vitamin D is known to have a regulatory function in immune response and inflammation and an inhibitory effect on experimental periodontitis in animal models. The inflammatory and immune response to periodontal pathogens are mediated by the host immune system. Biomarkers of inflammation (IL-35, IL-17A, and TGF) and inflammatory cell infiltration were found to be higher in periodontitis patients with low vitamin D levels compared to patients without periodontal pathology. Vitamin D receptor levels and fibroblast cells were also found to be lower in these patients. Loss of vitamin D signaling pathways in teeth with low concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions inhibits tooth mineralization and leads to mineralization defects. Low levels of vitamin D can lead to the formation of hypomineralized areas, which predispose to fractures and caries and have negative effects on tooth development. Vitamin D maintains adequate calcium and phosphate levels for remineralization in saliva following demineralisation. Therefore, inadequate serum concentrations can lead to developmental defects in tooth structure and increased caries activity. In conclusion, in light of recent studies, it has been reported that vitamin D levels in the body may be associated with the development of periodontal pathologies and dental caries; however, further studies are needed to reach definitive conclusions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dental caries, Oral health, Periodontal diseases, Vitamin D deficiency

Kaynakça

1. Yanık S, Keskinrüzgar A, Aras M, Çetiner S. Vitamin D’nin biyolojik önemi ve diş hekimliği ile olan ilişkisi. J Dent Fac Atatürk Univ. 2015;25:128-34.
2. Botelho J, Machado V, Proença L, Delgado AS, Mendes JJ. Vitamin D deficiency and oral health: A comprehensive review. Nutrients. 2020;12:1471.
3. Zhou F, Ma N, Su R, He X, Wang X, Zhou Y, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is negatively associated with severe periodontitis: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1-8.
4. Lee MR, Han SJ, Kim HE, Choi JS. Relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and periodontitis in Korean adults aged ≥60 years: analysis of data from the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2013-2014). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:4181.
5. Li H, Zhong X, Li W, Wang Q. Effects of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on experimental periodontitis and AhR/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in a mouse model. J Appl Oral Sci. 2019;27:e20180713.
6. Ślebioda Z, Szponar E, Dorocka-Bobkowska B. Vitamin D and its relevance in the etiopathogenesis of oral cavity diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2016;64:385-97.
7. Jimenez M, Giovannucci E, Krall Kaye E. Predicted vitamin D status incidence of tooth loss and periodontitis. Public Health Nutr. 2014;17:844–52.
8. Stein SH, Livada R, Tipton DA. Re-evaluating the role of vitamin D in the periodontium. J Periodontal Res. 2014;49:545-53.
9. Liu K, Meng H, Hou J. Activity of 25-hydroxylase in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. PLoS One. 2012;7:52053.
10. Liu K, Meng H, Hou J. Characterization of the autocrine/paracrine function of vitamin d in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. PLOS One. 2012;7:39878.
11. Liu K, Han B, Hou J, Zhang J, Su J, Meng H, et al. Expression of vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase in human gingival fibroblasts in vivo. PeerJ. 2021;9:10279.
12. Madi M, Pavlic V, Mongith Alammar S, Mohammad Alsulaimi L, Shaker Alotaibi R, Mohammed AlOtaibi G, et al. The association between vitamin D level and periodontal disease in Saudi population, a preliminary study. Saudi J Dent Res. 2021;33:595-600.
13. Twardowski SE, Wactawski-Wende J, Hovey KM, Andrews CA, Banack HR, LaMonte MJ, et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and serum and salivary c-reactive protein in the osteoporosis and periodontal disease study. Nutrients. 2021;13:1148.
14. Kim H, Shin MH, Yoon SJ, Kweon SS, Lee YH, Choi CK, et al. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, tooth loss, and the prevalence of severe periodontitis in Koreans aged 50 years and older. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2020;50:368-78.
15. Ferrillo M, Migliario M, Roccuzzo A, Molinero-Mourelle P, Falcicchio G, Umano GR, et al. Periodontal disease and vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women: which correlation with preterm and low-weight birth?. J Clin Med. 2021;10:4578.
16. Wang CJ, McCauley LK. Osteoporosis and periodontitis. Cur Osteoporos Rep. 2016;14:284-91.
17. Stein SH, Tipton DA. Vitamin D and its impact on oral health-An update. J Tenn Dent Assoc. 2011;91:30-3.
18. Başaran S, Güzel R, Benlidayı IC, Uysal FG. Osteoporozda Vitamin D Düzeyinin Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Osteoporoz Dünyasından 2006;12:35-8.
19. Rahman N, Walls A. Nutrient deficiencies and oral health. Monogr Oral Sci. 2020;28:114-24.
20. Ülker M, Erkan A. Çürük riskinin değerlendirilmesi: Bu amaçla kullanılan laboratuvar ve klinik testler. Türkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci-Special Topics. 2014;5:12-20.
21. Foster BL, Nociti Jr FH, Somerman MJ. The rachitic tooth. Endoc Rev. 2014;35:1-34.
22. Navarro C, Grgic O, Trajanoska K, Van Der Tas JT, Rivadeneira F, Wolvius EB, et al. Associations between prenatal, perinatal, and early childhood vitamin D status and risk of dental caries at 6 years. J Nutr. 2021;151:1993-2000.
23. Olczak-Kowalczyk D, Kaczmarek U, Gozdowski D, Turska-Szybka A. Association of parental-reported vitamin D supplementation with dental caries of 3-year-old children in Poland: A cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25:6147-58.
24. Schroth RJ, Jeal NS, Kliewer E, Sellers EA. The relationship between vitamin D and severe early childhood caries: A pilot study. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2012;82:53-62.
25. Carvalho Silva C, Gavinha S, Manso MC, Rodrigues R, Martins S, Guimarães JT, et al. Serum levels of vitamin D and dental caries in 7-year-old children in Porto Metropolitan Area. Nutrients. 2021;13:166.
26. Gyll J, Ridell K, Öhlund I, Karlsland Åkeson P, Johansson I, Lif Holgerson P, et al. Vitamin D status and dental caries in healthy swedish children. Nutr J. 2018;17:1-10.
27. Gürpınar S, & Kırkan Ş. Antimikrobiyel peptidler. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2010;36:61-66.
28. Schroth RJ, Lavelle C, Tate R, Bruce S, Billings, RJ, & Moffatt ME, et.al. (2014). Prenatal vitamin D and dental caries in infants. Pediatrics, 2014;133:1277-1284.
29. Hujoel PP. Vitamin D and dental caries in controlled clinical trials: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2013;71:88-97.
30. Schroth RJ, Rabbani R, Loewen G, Moffatt ME. Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Children. J Dent Res. 2016;95:173-9.
31. Singleton R, Day G, Thomas T, Schroth R, Klejka J, Lenaker D, et al. Association of maternal vitamin D deficiency with early childhood caries. J Dent Res. 2019;98:549-55.
32. Williams TL, Boyle J, Mittermuller BA, Carrico C, Schroth RJ. Association between vitamin D and dental caries in a sample of Canadian and American preschool-aged children. Nutrients. 2021;13:4465.
33. Akinkugbe AA, Moreno O, Brickhouse TH. Serum cotinine, vitamin D exposure levels and dental caries experience in U.S. adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2019;47:185-92.
34. Zhou F, Zhou Y, Shi J. The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and dental caries in US adults. Oral Dis. 2020;26:1537-47.

D vitamininin periodontal hastalıklar ve diş çürüğü ile ilişkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 2, 96 - 100, 05.05.2025

Nezahat Sena Satan , Zühre Zafersoy Akarslan

https://doi.org/10.17214/gaziaot.1362444

Öz

D vitamini vücut için gerekli olan, yağda eriyen çoğunlukla güneş ışınlarının deri ile etkileşimiyle elde edilen, steroid yapıda bir pro-hormondur. Bu vitamin paratiroid bezler, kemik, bağırsak ve böbrekler aracılığıyla kalsiyum, fosfor ve kemik metabolizmasını düzenlemektedir. D vitamininin immün yanıt ve inflamasyonda düzenleyici fonksiyona sahip olduğu ve hayvan modellerinde deneysel periodontitis üzerinde inhibitör etki gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Periodontal patojenlere karşı gelişen inflamatuar ve immün cevap, konakçı bağışıklık sistemi tarafından tetiklenmektedir. D vitamini seviyeleri düşük olan periodontitis hastalarında, periodontal patoloji olmayan hastalarla göre inflamasyon biyobelirteçlerinin (IL-35, IL-17A ve TGF) ve inflamatuar hücre infiltrasyonunun daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca bu hastalardaki D vitamini reseptör seviyeleri ve fibroblast hücrelerinin ise daha az olduğu bulunmuştur. Düşük konsantrasyonlarda kalsiyum ve fosfat iyonları içeren dişlerdeki D vitamini sinyal yollarının kaybı, dişlerin mineralizasyonunu engellemekte ve mineralizasyon kusurlarını oluşturmaktadır. D vitamini seviyesinin düşük olması, kırık ve çürük oluşumuna zemin hazırlayan hipomineralize alanların oluşumuna; diş gelişimi üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olabilmektedir. D vitamini demineralizasyonun ardından tükürükteki remineralizasyon için yeterli kalsiyum ve fosfat seviyelerini korumaktadır. Bu nedenle, yetersiz serum konsantrasyonları hem diş yapısında gelişimsel kusurlara hem de çürük aktivitesinde artışa yol açabilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar ışığında vücuttaki D vitamini seviyesinin periodontal patolojiler ve diş çürüklerinin gelişmesi ile ilişkili olabileceği bildirilmekle birlikte, kesin sonuçlara varılabilmesi için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağız sağlığı, Diş çürükleri, D vitamini eksikliği, Periodontal hastalıklar

Kaynakça

1. Yanık S, Keskinrüzgar A, Aras M, Çetiner S. Vitamin D’nin biyolojik önemi ve diş hekimliği ile olan ilişkisi. J Dent Fac Atatürk Univ. 2015;25:128-34.
2. Botelho J, Machado V, Proença L, Delgado AS, Mendes JJ. Vitamin D deficiency and oral health: A comprehensive review. Nutrients. 2020;12:1471.
3. Zhou F, Ma N, Su R, He X, Wang X, Zhou Y, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is negatively associated with severe periodontitis: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1-8.
4. Lee MR, Han SJ, Kim HE, Choi JS. Relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and periodontitis in Korean adults aged ≥60 years: analysis of data from the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2013-2014). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:4181.
5. Li H, Zhong X, Li W, Wang Q. Effects of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on experimental periodontitis and AhR/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in a mouse model. J Appl Oral Sci. 2019;27:e20180713.
6. Ślebioda Z, Szponar E, Dorocka-Bobkowska B. Vitamin D and its relevance in the etiopathogenesis of oral cavity diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2016;64:385-97.
7. Jimenez M, Giovannucci E, Krall Kaye E. Predicted vitamin D status incidence of tooth loss and periodontitis. Public Health Nutr. 2014;17:844–52.
8. Stein SH, Livada R, Tipton DA. Re-evaluating the role of vitamin D in the periodontium. J Periodontal Res. 2014;49:545-53.
9. Liu K, Meng H, Hou J. Activity of 25-hydroxylase in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. PLoS One. 2012;7:52053.
10. Liu K, Meng H, Hou J. Characterization of the autocrine/paracrine function of vitamin d in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. PLOS One. 2012;7:39878.
11. Liu K, Han B, Hou J, Zhang J, Su J, Meng H, et al. Expression of vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase in human gingival fibroblasts in vivo. PeerJ. 2021;9:10279.
12. Madi M, Pavlic V, Mongith Alammar S, Mohammad Alsulaimi L, Shaker Alotaibi R, Mohammed AlOtaibi G, et al. The association between vitamin D level and periodontal disease in Saudi population, a preliminary study. Saudi J Dent Res. 2021;33:595-600.
13. Twardowski SE, Wactawski-Wende J, Hovey KM, Andrews CA, Banack HR, LaMonte MJ, et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and serum and salivary c-reactive protein in the osteoporosis and periodontal disease study. Nutrients. 2021;13:1148.
14. Kim H, Shin MH, Yoon SJ, Kweon SS, Lee YH, Choi CK, et al. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, tooth loss, and the prevalence of severe periodontitis in Koreans aged 50 years and older. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2020;50:368-78.
15. Ferrillo M, Migliario M, Roccuzzo A, Molinero-Mourelle P, Falcicchio G, Umano GR, et al. Periodontal disease and vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women: which correlation with preterm and low-weight birth?. J Clin Med. 2021;10:4578.
16. Wang CJ, McCauley LK. Osteoporosis and periodontitis. Cur Osteoporos Rep. 2016;14:284-91.
17. Stein SH, Tipton DA. Vitamin D and its impact on oral health-An update. J Tenn Dent Assoc. 2011;91:30-3.
18. Başaran S, Güzel R, Benlidayı IC, Uysal FG. Osteoporozda Vitamin D Düzeyinin Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Osteoporoz Dünyasından 2006;12:35-8.
19. Rahman N, Walls A. Nutrient deficiencies and oral health. Monogr Oral Sci. 2020;28:114-24.
20. Ülker M, Erkan A. Çürük riskinin değerlendirilmesi: Bu amaçla kullanılan laboratuvar ve klinik testler. Türkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci-Special Topics. 2014;5:12-20.
21. Foster BL, Nociti Jr FH, Somerman MJ. The rachitic tooth. Endoc Rev. 2014;35:1-34.
22. Navarro C, Grgic O, Trajanoska K, Van Der Tas JT, Rivadeneira F, Wolvius EB, et al. Associations between prenatal, perinatal, and early childhood vitamin D status and risk of dental caries at 6 years. J Nutr. 2021;151:1993-2000.
23. Olczak-Kowalczyk D, Kaczmarek U, Gozdowski D, Turska-Szybka A. Association of parental-reported vitamin D supplementation with dental caries of 3-year-old children in Poland: A cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25:6147-58.
24. Schroth RJ, Jeal NS, Kliewer E, Sellers EA. The relationship between vitamin D and severe early childhood caries: A pilot study. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2012;82:53-62.
25. Carvalho Silva C, Gavinha S, Manso MC, Rodrigues R, Martins S, Guimarães JT, et al. Serum levels of vitamin D and dental caries in 7-year-old children in Porto Metropolitan Area. Nutrients. 2021;13:166.
26. Gyll J, Ridell K, Öhlund I, Karlsland Åkeson P, Johansson I, Lif Holgerson P, et al. Vitamin D status and dental caries in healthy swedish children. Nutr J. 2018;17:1-10.
27. Gürpınar S, & Kırkan Ş. Antimikrobiyel peptidler. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2010;36:61-66.
28. Schroth RJ, Lavelle C, Tate R, Bruce S, Billings, RJ, & Moffatt ME, et.al. (2014). Prenatal vitamin D and dental caries in infants. Pediatrics, 2014;133:1277-1284.
29. Hujoel PP. Vitamin D and dental caries in controlled clinical trials: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2013;71:88-97.
30. Schroth RJ, Rabbani R, Loewen G, Moffatt ME. Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Children. J Dent Res. 2016;95:173-9.
31. Singleton R, Day G, Thomas T, Schroth R, Klejka J, Lenaker D, et al. Association of maternal vitamin D deficiency with early childhood caries. J Dent Res. 2019;98:549-55.
32. Williams TL, Boyle J, Mittermuller BA, Carrico C, Schroth RJ. Association between vitamin D and dental caries in a sample of Canadian and American preschool-aged children. Nutrients. 2021;13:4465.
33. Akinkugbe AA, Moreno O, Brickhouse TH. Serum cotinine, vitamin D exposure levels and dental caries experience in U.S. adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2019;47:185-92.
34. Zhou F, Zhou Y, Shi J. The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and dental caries in US adults. Oral Dis. 2020;26:1537-47.

Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi
Bölüm	Derleme
Yazarlar	Nezahat Sena Satan 0000-0002-6384-1136 Zühre Zafersoy Akarslan
Yayımlanma Tarihi	5 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2025 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Satan, N. S., & Zafersoy Akarslan, Z. (2025). D vitamininin periodontal hastalıklar ve diş çürüğü ile ilişkisi. Acta Odontologica Turcica, 42(2), 96-100. https://doi.org/10.17214/gaziaot.1362444
AMA	Satan NS, Zafersoy Akarslan Z. D vitamininin periodontal hastalıklar ve diş çürüğü ile ilişkisi. Acta Odontol Turc. Mayıs 2025;42(2):96-100. doi:10.17214/gaziaot.1362444
Chicago	Satan, Nezahat Sena, ve Zühre Zafersoy Akarslan. “D Vitamininin Periodontal hastalıklar Ve Diş çürüğü Ile ilişkisi”. Acta Odontologica Turcica 42, sy. 2 (Mayıs 2025): 96-100. https://doi.org/10.17214/gaziaot.1362444.
EndNote	Satan NS, Zafersoy Akarslan Z (01 Mayıs 2025) D vitamininin periodontal hastalıklar ve diş çürüğü ile ilişkisi. Acta Odontologica Turcica 42 2 96–100.
IEEE	N. S. Satan ve Z. Zafersoy Akarslan, “D vitamininin periodontal hastalıklar ve diş çürüğü ile ilişkisi”, Acta Odontol Turc, c. 42, sy. 2, ss. 96–100, 2025, doi: 10.17214/gaziaot.1362444.
ISNAD	Satan, Nezahat Sena - Zafersoy Akarslan, Zühre. “D Vitamininin Periodontal hastalıklar Ve Diş çürüğü Ile ilişkisi”. Acta Odontologica Turcica 42/2 (Mayıs 2025), 96-100. https://doi.org/10.17214/gaziaot.1362444.
JAMA	Satan NS, Zafersoy Akarslan Z. D vitamininin periodontal hastalıklar ve diş çürüğü ile ilişkisi. Acta Odontol Turc. 2025;42:96–100.
MLA	Satan, Nezahat Sena ve Zühre Zafersoy Akarslan. “D Vitamininin Periodontal hastalıklar Ve Diş çürüğü Ile ilişkisi”. Acta Odontologica Turcica, c. 42, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 96-100, doi:10.17214/gaziaot.1362444.
Vancouver	Satan NS, Zafersoy Akarslan Z. D vitamininin periodontal hastalıklar ve diş çürüğü ile ilişkisi. Acta Odontol Turc. 2025;42(2):96-100.

Kapak Resmi İndir

Makale Dosyaları

Tam Metin