Öz
2018 yılında yürürlüğe giren Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği, çağdaş deprem mühendisliği ilkelerinin Türkiye’ye özgü deprem tehlikesi dikkate alınarak yapısal tasarım ve performans değerlendirmesinde kullanılabilmesini mümkün kılmıştır. Bu yönetmelik ile sunulan bir yenilik de depreme dayanıklı tasarımda hesaplanan ek dışmerkezlik etkisinin kat kütle eylemsizlik momentinin arttırılması ile modellenebilme imkânıdır. Bu yöntem ile mod birleştirme yönteminin uygulandığı durumlarda görece basit bir modelleme yaklaşımı ek dışmerkezlik etkisi dikkate alınabilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında deprem kuvvetlerinin uygulanmasında ek dışmerkezlik etkisinin Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği’nde tanımlanan iki farklıyöntem ile uygulanması gerçekleştirilen yapısal tasarımın doğrusal olmayan davranışı incelenmiştir. Plan asimetrisi bulunan çok katlı kayma çerçevesi yapıların referans tasarımlarına ek dışmerkezlik etkisi, kat burulma momentleri (tork) ve kütle eylemsizlik momentlerinin arttırılması ile ayrı ayrı uygulanmıştır. Tamamlanan tasarımların kullanılan deprem tehlikesi ile uyumlu kuvvetli yer hareketleri kümesi altında doğrusal olmayan dinamik analiz sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, ek dışmerkezlik etkisinin klasik yöntem olan tork uygulanması ile dikkate alınarak yapılan tasarımlarda ek dışmerkezliğin hesaba katılmadığı referans duruma göre süneklik taleplerinin önemli ölçüde azaldığı, taşıyıcı eleman deplasman dağılımlarında ise bir miktar değişim olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kat kütle eylemsizlik momentinin arttırılması ile ek dışmerkezlik etkisinin verildiği tasarımın doğrusal olmayan tepkisinin referans tasarımın tepkisi ile büyük ölçüde benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Depreme dayanıklı tasarım ek dışmerkezlik asimetrik yapılar yapısal tasarım doğrusal olmayan analiz Earthquake resistant design
Kaynakça
- 1. Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetim Başkanlığı (AFAD), Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği: Deprem Etkisi Altında Binaların Tasarımı İçin Esaslar, Ankara, 2018.
- 2. American Society of Civil Engineers, Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE/SEI 7-16), 2017.
- 3. European Committee for Standardization, EN 1998-1 Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance, 2004.
- 4. Chandler A.M., Duan X.N., Performance of asymmetric code-designed buildings for serviceability and ultimate limit states, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 26 (7), 717-735, 1997.
- 5. Humar J.L., Kumar P., A new look at the torsion design provisions in seismic building codes. Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, Yeni Zelanda, 2000.
- 6. Stathopoulos K.G., Anagnostopoulos S.A., Accidental design eccentricity: Is it important for the inelastic response of buildings to strong earthquakes?, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 30 (9), 782-797, 2010.
- 7. Lin J.L., Wang W.C., Tsai K.C., Suitability of using the torsional amplification factor to amplify accidental torsion, Engineering Structures, 127, 1-17, 2016.
- 8. Anagnostopoulos S.A., Krykos M.T., Stathopoulos K.G., Earthquake induced torsion in buildings: critical review and state of the art, Earthquakes and Structures, 121 (2), 305-377, 2015.
- 9. De La Llera J.C., Chopra A.K., Evaluation of code accidental‐torsion provisions from building records, Journal of Structural Engineering, 120 (2), 597‐616, 1994.
- 10. De La Llera J.C., Chopra A.K., Accidental torsion in buildings due to stiffness uncertainty, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 23 (2), 117‐136, 1994.
- 11. De La Llera J.C., Chopra A.K., Accidental torsion in buildings due to base rotational‐excitation, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 23 (9), 1003-1021, 1994.
- 12. Sucuoğlu H., Kaatsız K., Torsional ductility spectrum for predicting ductility distribution in simple asymmetric‐plan structures, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 50 (2), 538-559, 2021.
- 13. Stathopoulos K.G., Anagnostopoulos S.A., Inelastic torsion of multistorey buildings under earthquake excitations, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 34 (12), 1449-1465, 2005.
- 14. Stathopoulos K.G., Anagnostopoulos S.A., Effects of accidental design eccentricity on the inelastic earthquake response of asymmetric buildings, Proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on the Seismic Behaviour of Irregular and Complex Structures, Selanik, Yunanistan, 2005.
- 15. Rutenberg. A., EAEE task group 8: Behavior of irregular and complex structures state of the art report: Seismic nonlinear response of code-designed asymmetric structures, Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paris, Fransa, 1998.
- 16. Chandler A.M., Correnza J.C., Hutchinson G.L., Influence of accidental eccentricity on inelastic seismic torsional effects in buildings, Engineering Structures, 17 (3), 167-178, 1995.
- 17. DeBock D.J., Liel A.B., Haselton C.B., Hooper J.D., Henige R.A., Importance of seismic design accidental torsion requirements for building collapse capacity, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 43 (6), 831-850, 2014.
- 18. Newmark N.M., Rosenblueth. E., Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliff, NJ, A.B.D., 1971.
- 19. Dimova S.L., Alashki I., Seismic design of symmetric structures for accidental torsion, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1, 303-320. 2003.
- 20. Aviles. J. Suarez M., Natural and accidental torsion in one-storey structures on elastic foundation under non-vertically incident SH-waves, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 35 (7), 829-850, 2006.
- 21. Ramadan O.M.O., Mehanny S.S.F., Mostafa A., Revisiting the 5% accidental eccentricity provision in seismic design codes for multi-story buildings, Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Pekin, Çin, 2008.
- 22. De La Colina J., Benitez B., Ruiz S.E., Accidental eccentricity of story shear for low-rise office buildings, Journal of Structural Engineering, 137 (4), 513-520, 2008.
- 23. Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritası (TDTH). https://tdth.afad.gov.tr/. Yayın tarihi 2019. Erişim tarihi Aralık 11, 2022.
- 24. The Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees). https://opensees.berkeley.edu/. Yayın Tarihi Mayıs 24, 2021. Erişim tarihi Aralık 1, 2022.
- 25. PEER Kuvvetli Yer Hareketi Veri Tabanı. http://peer.berkeley.edu/ngawest2/. Yayın Tarihi 2014. Erişim Tarihi Aralık 1, 2022.
- 26. Marusic D., Fajfar P., On the inelastic seismic response of asymmetric buildings under bi-axial excitation, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 34 (8), 943-963, 2005.
Modeling of accidental eccentricity in structural design according to Turkish Building Earthquake Code
Öz
Turkish Building Earthquake Code, which came into regulation in 2018, made the use of contemporary earthquake engineering practices while considering seismic hazard specific to Turkey possible in structural design and performance assessment. The code presented a new procedure that utilizes increased floor mass moment inertias in modeling accidental eccentricity. This specific procedure enables the inclusion of accidental eccentricity effects while using response spectrum analysis in a simple manner. In this study, nonlinear behaviour of plan asymmetric structural systems designed with two alternative accidental eccentricity approaches as defined in Turkish Building Earthquake Code is investigated. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed to designed structures under a strong ground motion set that is compatible with the design seismic hazard. Dynamic responses of these structures are then compared. According to obtained results, ductility demands in designs where accidental eccentricity effects are modeled with conventional story torques decreased considerably compared with reference system where no accidental eccentricity is considered. In addition, a slight change is determined in the displacement ratio of load resisting members. In the case of designs where accidental eccentricity effects are included via increasing floor inertial masses, nonlinear seismic response is observed to be substantially similar to that of reference system.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Earthquake resistant design accidental eccentricity asymmetric structures structural design nonlinear analysis
Kaynakça
- 1. Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetim Başkanlığı (AFAD), Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği: Deprem Etkisi Altında Binaların Tasarımı İçin Esaslar, Ankara, 2018.
- 2. American Society of Civil Engineers, Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE/SEI 7-16), 2017.
- 3. European Committee for Standardization, EN 1998-1 Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance, 2004.
- 4. Chandler A.M., Duan X.N., Performance of asymmetric code-designed buildings for serviceability and ultimate limit states, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 26 (7), 717-735, 1997.
- 5. Humar J.L., Kumar P., A new look at the torsion design provisions in seismic building codes. Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, Yeni Zelanda, 2000.
- 6. Stathopoulos K.G., Anagnostopoulos S.A., Accidental design eccentricity: Is it important for the inelastic response of buildings to strong earthquakes?, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 30 (9), 782-797, 2010.
- 7. Lin J.L., Wang W.C., Tsai K.C., Suitability of using the torsional amplification factor to amplify accidental torsion, Engineering Structures, 127, 1-17, 2016.
- 8. Anagnostopoulos S.A., Krykos M.T., Stathopoulos K.G., Earthquake induced torsion in buildings: critical review and state of the art, Earthquakes and Structures, 121 (2), 305-377, 2015.
- 9. De La Llera J.C., Chopra A.K., Evaluation of code accidental‐torsion provisions from building records, Journal of Structural Engineering, 120 (2), 597‐616, 1994.
- 10. De La Llera J.C., Chopra A.K., Accidental torsion in buildings due to stiffness uncertainty, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 23 (2), 117‐136, 1994.
- 11. De La Llera J.C., Chopra A.K., Accidental torsion in buildings due to base rotational‐excitation, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 23 (9), 1003-1021, 1994.
- 12. Sucuoğlu H., Kaatsız K., Torsional ductility spectrum for predicting ductility distribution in simple asymmetric‐plan structures, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 50 (2), 538-559, 2021.
- 13. Stathopoulos K.G., Anagnostopoulos S.A., Inelastic torsion of multistorey buildings under earthquake excitations, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 34 (12), 1449-1465, 2005.
- 14. Stathopoulos K.G., Anagnostopoulos S.A., Effects of accidental design eccentricity on the inelastic earthquake response of asymmetric buildings, Proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on the Seismic Behaviour of Irregular and Complex Structures, Selanik, Yunanistan, 2005.
- 15. Rutenberg. A., EAEE task group 8: Behavior of irregular and complex structures state of the art report: Seismic nonlinear response of code-designed asymmetric structures, Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paris, Fransa, 1998.
- 16. Chandler A.M., Correnza J.C., Hutchinson G.L., Influence of accidental eccentricity on inelastic seismic torsional effects in buildings, Engineering Structures, 17 (3), 167-178, 1995.
- 17. DeBock D.J., Liel A.B., Haselton C.B., Hooper J.D., Henige R.A., Importance of seismic design accidental torsion requirements for building collapse capacity, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 43 (6), 831-850, 2014.
- 18. Newmark N.M., Rosenblueth. E., Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliff, NJ, A.B.D., 1971.
- 19. Dimova S.L., Alashki I., Seismic design of symmetric structures for accidental torsion, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1, 303-320. 2003.
- 20. Aviles. J. Suarez M., Natural and accidental torsion in one-storey structures on elastic foundation under non-vertically incident SH-waves, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 35 (7), 829-850, 2006.
- 21. Ramadan O.M.O., Mehanny S.S.F., Mostafa A., Revisiting the 5% accidental eccentricity provision in seismic design codes for multi-story buildings, Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Pekin, Çin, 2008.
- 22. De La Colina J., Benitez B., Ruiz S.E., Accidental eccentricity of story shear for low-rise office buildings, Journal of Structural Engineering, 137 (4), 513-520, 2008.
- 23. Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritası (TDTH). https://tdth.afad.gov.tr/. Yayın tarihi 2019. Erişim tarihi Aralık 11, 2022.
- 24. The Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees). https://opensees.berkeley.edu/. Yayın Tarihi Mayıs 24, 2021. Erişim tarihi Aralık 1, 2022.
- 25. PEER Kuvvetli Yer Hareketi Veri Tabanı. http://peer.berkeley.edu/ngawest2/. Yayın Tarihi 2014. Erişim Tarihi Aralık 1, 2022.
- 26. Marusic D., Fajfar P., On the inelastic seismic response of asymmetric buildings under bi-axial excitation, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 34 (8), 943-963, 2005.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 4 Haziran 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 9 Ocak 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 18 Ocak 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3 |