The Current Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Factors in Individuals Aged 65 and over in Konya City Center of Türkiye
Öz
ABSTRACT
Background/Aims: The prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is unknown in many regions of our country. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AD and its associated factors in Konya city centre located in the Central Anatolia region (Turkey).
Methods: A study population of 240 subjects aged 65 and older were randomly selected from 14 family health centres. A face-to-face procedural interview, neurological and psychiatric tests, including the mini-mental state examination, clock drawing score, basic and instrumental daily life activities, mental status examination, and geriatric depression scale, were performed. Co-morbidities, used drugs, risks and protective factors were questioned.
Results: The average age was 71.5 ± 5.8; 52.5% of them were male, 47.5% were women. The prevalence of AD was found 7.5%; 2.5% of them had mild, and 5% had advanced AD. While AD rates were higher in people who were illiterate, and primary-school graduates, it was lower in people with regular physical and mental activity. More abnormalities were found in general information, reasoning, abstraction, and executive functions in people with AD. As the daily and instrumental life activities deteriorated, the frequency of AD increased. Geriatric depression was higher in the AD group.
Conclusions: Turkey is both a European and an Asian country and the locations of this study are urban areas of Central Anatolian Region. Our prevalence was slightly higher than current data of European countries. The presence of AD was found to be associated with mental state abnormalities, deteriorated daily and instrumental life activities and increased geriatric depression.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cognitive Impairments Alzheimer's Disease Prevalance Related Factors Daily Living Activities Geriatric Depression
Kaynakça
- 1. Emre M. Alzheimer’s Disease. In: Emre M. (ed) Basic Neurology Book, 1st edition, Gunes Publishing, Turkey, 2013: pp 955-962.
- 2. Lobo A, Launer LJ, Fratiglioni L, Andersen K, Di Carlo A, Breteler MM, et al. Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group. Neurology 2000;54(11 Suppl 5):4-9.
- 3. Sosa-Ortiz AL, Acosta-Castillo I, Prince MJ. Epidemiology of dementias and Alzheimer's disease. Arch Med Res 2012;43(8):600-608.
- 4. Gurvit H, Emre M, Tinaz S, Bilgic B, Hanagasi H, Sahin H, et al. The prevalence of dementia in an urban Turkish population. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2008;23(1):67-76.
- 5. World Health Organization. Sample size determination in health studies: a practical manual [e-book] WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data (NLM Classification: WA 950); 1991. [Internet]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/40062. Accessed: 21.03.2021.
- 6. Güngen C, Ertan T, Eker E, Yaşar R, Engin F. Reliability and Validity of The Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination in The Diagnosis of Mild Dementia in Turkish Population. Turk J Psychiatr 2002;13: 273-281.
- 7. Folstein M, Folstein S, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12: 189-198.
- 8. Babacan-Yıldız G, Ur-Özçelik E, Kolukısa M, Işık AT, Gürsoy E, Kocaman G, et al. Validity and Reliability Studies of Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-E) For Turkish Illiterate Patients With Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2016;27(1):41-46.
- 9. Tekin S, Fairbanks LA, O'Connor S, Rosenberg S, Cummings JL. Activities of daily living in Alzheimer's disease: neuropsychiatric, cognitive, and medical illness influences. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001;9 (1): 81-86.
- 10. Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW. Studies of Illness in the Aged. The index of ADL: A Standardized measure of Biological and Psychosocial Function. JAMA 1963; 185: 914-919.
- 11. Arik G, Varan HD, Yavuz BB, Karabulut E, Kara O, Kilic MK, et al. Validation of Katz index of independence in activities of daily living in Turkish older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015;61(3):344-350.
- 12. Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969;9(3): 179-186.
- 13. Isik EI, Yilmaz S, Uysal I, Basar S. Adaptation of the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale to Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2020;24(1):35-40.
- 14. Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M, et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 1983;17(1):37-49.
- 15. Durmaz B, Soysal P, Ellidokuz H, Isik AT. Validity and reliability of geriatric depression scale-15 (short form) in Turkish older adults. North Clin Istanb 2018;5(3):216-220.
- 16. Rocca WA, Bonaiuto S, Lippi A, Luciani P, Turtù F, Cavarzeran F, et al. Prevalence of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders: a door-to-door survey in Appignano, Macerata Province, Italy. Neurology 1990;40(4):626-631.
- 17. Woo JI, Lee JH, Yoo KY, Kim CY, Kim YI, Shin YS. Prevalence estimation of dementia in a rural area of Korea. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46(8):983-987.
- 18. Jhoo JH, Kim KW, Huh Y, Lee SB, Park JH, Lee JJ, et al. Prevalence of dementia and its subtypes in an elderly urban Korean population: results from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health And Aging (KLoSHA). Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2008;26(3):270-276.
- 19. Wang W, Wu S, Cheng X, Dai H, Ross K, Du X, et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders in an urban community of Beijing, China. Neuroepidemiology 2000;19(4):194-200.
- 20. Niu H, Álvarez-Álvarez I, Guillén-Grima F, Aguinaga-Ontoso I. Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe: A meta-analysis. Neurologia 2017;32(8):523-532.
- 21. Arce Rentería M, Vonk JMJ, Felix G, Avila JF, Zahodne LB, Dalchand E, et al. Illiteracy, dementia risk, and cognitive trajectories among older adults with low education. Neurology 2019;10;93(24):2247-2256.
- 22. Bonaiuto S, Rocca WA, Lippi A, Giannandrea E, Mele M, Cavarzeran F, et al. Education and occupation as risk factors for dementia: a population-based case-control study. Neuroepidemiology 1995;14(3):101-109.
- 23. Harmanci H, Emre M, Gurvit H, Bilgic B, Hanagasi H, Gurol E, et al. Risk factors for Alzheimer disease: a population-based case-control study in Istanbul, Turkey. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2003;17(3):139-145.
- 24. Lee WJ, Liao YC, Wang YF, Lin YS, Wang SJ, Fuh JL. Summative Effects of Vascular Risk Factors on the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 Jan;68(1):129-136.
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. Emre M. Alzheimer’s Disease. In: Emre M. (ed) Basic Neurology Book, 1st edition, Gunes Publishing, Turkey, 2013: pp 955-962.
- 2. Lobo A, Launer LJ, Fratiglioni L, Andersen K, Di Carlo A, Breteler MM, et al. Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group. Neurology 2000;54(11 Suppl 5):4-9.
- 3. Sosa-Ortiz AL, Acosta-Castillo I, Prince MJ. Epidemiology of dementias and Alzheimer's disease. Arch Med Res 2012;43(8):600-608.
- 4. Gurvit H, Emre M, Tinaz S, Bilgic B, Hanagasi H, Sahin H, et al. The prevalence of dementia in an urban Turkish population. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2008;23(1):67-76.
- 5. World Health Organization. Sample size determination in health studies: a practical manual [e-book] WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data (NLM Classification: WA 950); 1991. [Internet]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/40062. Accessed: 21.03.2021.
- 6. Güngen C, Ertan T, Eker E, Yaşar R, Engin F. Reliability and Validity of The Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination in The Diagnosis of Mild Dementia in Turkish Population. Turk J Psychiatr 2002;13: 273-281.
- 7. Folstein M, Folstein S, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12: 189-198.
- 8. Babacan-Yıldız G, Ur-Özçelik E, Kolukısa M, Işık AT, Gürsoy E, Kocaman G, et al. Validity and Reliability Studies of Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-E) For Turkish Illiterate Patients With Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2016;27(1):41-46.
- 9. Tekin S, Fairbanks LA, O'Connor S, Rosenberg S, Cummings JL. Activities of daily living in Alzheimer's disease: neuropsychiatric, cognitive, and medical illness influences. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001;9 (1): 81-86.
- 10. Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW. Studies of Illness in the Aged. The index of ADL: A Standardized measure of Biological and Psychosocial Function. JAMA 1963; 185: 914-919.
- 11. Arik G, Varan HD, Yavuz BB, Karabulut E, Kara O, Kilic MK, et al. Validation of Katz index of independence in activities of daily living in Turkish older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015;61(3):344-350.
- 12. Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969;9(3): 179-186.
- 13. Isik EI, Yilmaz S, Uysal I, Basar S. Adaptation of the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale to Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2020;24(1):35-40.
- 14. Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M, et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 1983;17(1):37-49.
- 15. Durmaz B, Soysal P, Ellidokuz H, Isik AT. Validity and reliability of geriatric depression scale-15 (short form) in Turkish older adults. North Clin Istanb 2018;5(3):216-220.
- 16. Rocca WA, Bonaiuto S, Lippi A, Luciani P, Turtù F, Cavarzeran F, et al. Prevalence of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders: a door-to-door survey in Appignano, Macerata Province, Italy. Neurology 1990;40(4):626-631.
- 17. Woo JI, Lee JH, Yoo KY, Kim CY, Kim YI, Shin YS. Prevalence estimation of dementia in a rural area of Korea. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46(8):983-987.
- 18. Jhoo JH, Kim KW, Huh Y, Lee SB, Park JH, Lee JJ, et al. Prevalence of dementia and its subtypes in an elderly urban Korean population: results from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health And Aging (KLoSHA). Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2008;26(3):270-276.
- 19. Wang W, Wu S, Cheng X, Dai H, Ross K, Du X, et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders in an urban community of Beijing, China. Neuroepidemiology 2000;19(4):194-200.
- 20. Niu H, Álvarez-Álvarez I, Guillén-Grima F, Aguinaga-Ontoso I. Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe: A meta-analysis. Neurologia 2017;32(8):523-532.
- 21. Arce Rentería M, Vonk JMJ, Felix G, Avila JF, Zahodne LB, Dalchand E, et al. Illiteracy, dementia risk, and cognitive trajectories among older adults with low education. Neurology 2019;10;93(24):2247-2256.
- 22. Bonaiuto S, Rocca WA, Lippi A, Giannandrea E, Mele M, Cavarzeran F, et al. Education and occupation as risk factors for dementia: a population-based case-control study. Neuroepidemiology 1995;14(3):101-109.
- 23. Harmanci H, Emre M, Gurvit H, Bilgic B, Hanagasi H, Gurol E, et al. Risk factors for Alzheimer disease: a population-based case-control study in Istanbul, Turkey. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2003;17(3):139-145.
- 24. Lee WJ, Liao YC, Wang YF, Lin YS, Wang SJ, Fuh JL. Summative Effects of Vascular Risk Factors on the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 Jan;68(1):129-136.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Original Article |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 14 Aralık 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 24 Mart 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2 |
Genel Tıp Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.