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Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanısı Alan Ergenlerin Okupasyonel Katılımlarının İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 22 - 32, 30.04.2025

Beyzanur Demirci , Sultan Akel , Songül Derin

Öz

Yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu (YAB), özellikle ergenlerde motivasyonu, rutinleri ve sosyal rolleri sınırlandırarak okupasyonel katılım üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Ergoterapi modelleri kullanılarak YAB’ ın ergenlerin okupasyonel performansı üzerindeki etkisini inceleyen az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, YAB tanılı ergenlerde okupasyonel katılım kısıtlamalarını araştırmak ve katılımı kolaylaştıran veya engelleyen faktörleri belirlemek için İnsan Aktivite-Rol Modeli Tarama Aracı’nı (MOHOST) kullanmaktır. Çalışmaya 21 YAB tanısı konmuş ve 21 sağlıklı kontrol olmak üzere toplam 42 ergen katılmıştır. Veriler, motivasyon, okupasyonel kalıplar, süreç becerileri, motor beceriler ve çevresel faktörleri değerlendirmek için MOHOST kullanılarak eşzamanlı çevrimiçi görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmıştır. Grupları karşılaştırmak ve temel değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri keşfetmek için istatistiksel analiz kullanılmıştır. YAB tanılı ergenlerin toplam MOHOST puanları sağlıklı kontrollere kıyasla anlamlı derecede düşüktü (p<0.001). Okupasyon için motivasyon, okupasyon kalıpları ve süreç becerilerini içeren alt ölçek puanları da YAB grubunda anlamlı derecede düşüktü (p<0.05). Sınırlı fiziksel ve sosyal kaynaklar gibi çevresel faktörler, azalan okupasyonel motivasyon ve katılım ile pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir. YAB tanılı ergenler hem kişisel hem de çevresel faktörlerden kaynaklanan önemli okupasyonel katılım kısıtlamaları yaşamaktadır. Bu bulgular, motivasyonu artırmak, rutinleri eski haline getirmek ve sosyal rolleri desteklemek için ergoterapide bireyselleştirilmiş ve çevre odaklı müdahalelerin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, bu tür müdahalelerin YAB tanılı ergenler üzerindeki uzun vadeli etkilerini araştırmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anksiyete Adölesan Ergoterapi ruh sağlığı günlük yaşam aktiviteleri

Kaynakça

  • 1. Christiansen CH, Baum CM, Bass JD. Occupational Therapy Performance Participation, and Well-Being. 4th Edition, Minnesota, 2024. p:1-669. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003522997
  • 2. Reitz SM, Scaffa ME, Dorsey J. Occupational therapy in the promotion of health and well-being. Am J Occup Ther. 2020; 74(3). https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.743003
  • 3. World Health Organization. WHO guideline on self-care interventions for health and well-being, 2022 revision. World Health Organization; 2022.
  • 4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. 5th Edition, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
  • 5. Strawn JR, et al. Research review: Pediatric anxiety disorders–what have we learnt in the last 10 years? J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021; 62(2):114-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13262
  • 6. Swan AJ, Kendall PC. Fear and missing out: Youth anxiety and functional outcomes. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2016; 23(4):417-435. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12169
  • 7. Louise, P., M. Louise, and G. Jean, The burden of generalized anxiety disorder in Canada. Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice, 2017; 37(2): p. 54. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.37.2.04
  • 8. Ruscio, A.M., et al., Cross-sectional comparison of the epidemiology of DSM-5 generalized anxiety disorder across the globe. JAMA psychiatry, 2017; 74(5): p. 465-475. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0056
  • 9. Awadalla, S., E.B. Davies, and C. Glazebrook, A longitudinal cohort study to explore the relationship between depression, anxiety and academic performance among Emirati university students. BMC psychiatry, 2020; 20: p. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02854-z
  • 10. Sprung, J.M. and A. Rogers, Work-life balance as a predictor of college student anxiety and depression. Journal of American college health, 2021; 69(7): p. 775-782. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1706540
  • 11. Hohls, J.K., et al., Anxiety, depression and quality of life—a systematic review of evidence from longitudinal observational studies. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021; 18(22): p. 12022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212022
  • 12. Zhou, Y., et al., Comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and its association with quality of life in patients with major depressive disorder. Scientific reports, 2017; 7(1): p. 40511. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40511
  • 13. Manley, H., et al., The relationship between teachers' day‐to‐day classroom management practices and anxiety in primary school children: A systematic review. Review of Education, 2023; 11(1): p. e3385. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3385
  • 14. McLoone J, Hudson JL, Rapee RM. Treating anxiety in adolescents: School-based interventions. Educ Treat Children. 2019; 42(2):127-145.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01928
  • 15. School Mental Health. Anxiety at school. Supporting Minds. 2024; Available from: https://smh-assist.ca/wp-content/uploads/Info-Sheets-Supporting-Minds-Anxiety-1.pdf.
  • 16. Masi, G., Mucci, m., Favilla, L., Romano, R., & Poli, P. Symptomatology and comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1999, 40.3: 210-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-440X(99)90005-6
  • 17. Van Ameringen, M., Mancini, C., & Farvolden, P. The impact of anxiety disorders on educational achievement. Journal of anxiety disorders, 2003, 17.5: 561-571. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00228-1
  • 18. Alfano, C. A. Are children with “pure” generalized anxiety disorder impaired? A comparison with comorbid and healthy children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 2012, 41.6: 739-745. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.715367
  • 19. Boop, C., Cahill, S. M., Davis, C., Dorsey, J., Gibbs, V., Herr, B., ... & Lieberman, D. Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process fourth edition. AJOT: American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2020, 74.S2: 1-85.
  • 20. Shanahan, L., Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Bondy, C. L., & Costello, E. J. Sleep problems predict and are predicted by generalized anxiety/depression and oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2014, 53.5: 550-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.029
  • 21. Dahl, R. E., Lewin, D. S. Pathways to adolescent health sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of adolescent health, 2002, 31.6: 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00506-2
  • 22. Parkinson S, Chester A, Cratchley S, Rowbottom J. Application of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST assessment) in an acute psychiatric setting. Occup Ther Health Care. 2008; 22(2-3):63-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380570801989465
  • 23. University of Illinois at Chicago. Assessments by age: Adolescent. MOHO Web, https://moho-irm.uic.edu/resources/findTheAssessment/age/adolescent.aspx (Access date: 14 April 2025).
  • 24. Wagman, P.,Hjärthag, F., Håkansson, C., Hedin, K., & Gunnarsson, A. B. Factors associated with higher occupational balance in people with anxiety and/or depression who require occupational therapy treatment. Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy, 2021, 28.6: 426-432. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2019.1693626
  • 25. Birgitta Gunnarsson, A., Wagman, P., Hedin, K., & Håkansson, C. Treatment of depression and/or anxiety–outcomes of a randomised controlled trial of the tree theme method® versus regular occupational therapy. BMC psychology, 2018, 6, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-018-0237-0
  • 26. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007; 39(2):175-191.https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146
  • 27. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Routledge; 1988. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  • 28. Zakarneh M. Assessing the occupational functioning for the residents in the houses of hope in Ankara according to the model of human occupation. Hacettepe University; 2015.
  • 29. Kim, Dong-Hee; Kim, Yujin. Factors associated with generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents with cultural diversity: secondary data analysis. BMC public health, 2024, 24.1: 2562. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20384-1
  • 30. Alsharji, K.E., Anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait: the importance of physical activity. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 2020; 27: p. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-00065-6
  • 31. Achtziger, A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. Motivation and volition in the course of action. Springer International Publishing, 2018;485-527. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437190701485852
  • 32. Barton, A. W., Brody, G. H., Yu, T., et al. The profundity of the everyday: Family routines in adolescence predict development in young adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2019, 64.3: 340-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.08.029
  • 33. Peng, P., & Kievit, R. A. The development of academic achievement and cognitive abilities: A bidirectional perspective. Child development perspectives, 2020;14(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12352
  • 34. Nichol, Marianne E.; Pickett, William; Janssen, Ian. Associations between school recreational environments and physical activity. Journal of School Health, 2009, 79.6: 247-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00406.x
  • 35. Fogel, Y., N. Josman, and S. Rosenblum, Exploring the impacts of environmental factors on adolescents’ daily participation: A structural equation modelling approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021; 18(1): p. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010142
  • 36. Hilton, C.L. and J. Kramer, Assessment and intervention of social participation and social skills. Case-Smith’s Occupational Therapy for Children and Adolescents. E-Book, 2019. p. 338.

EXAMINING THE OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION OF ADOLESCENTS DIAGNOSED WITH GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 22 - 32, 30.04.2025

Beyzanur Demirci , Sultan Akel , Songül Derin

Öz

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has a significant impact on occupational participation, particularly in adolescents, by limiting motivation, routines and social roles. Few studies have examined the impact of GAD on adolescents' occupational performance using occupational therapy models. The aim of this study was to use the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST) to explore occupational participation limitations in adolescents with GAD and to identify factors that facilitate or hinder participation. A total of 42 adolescents, including 21 diagnosed with GAD and 21 healthy controls, participated in the study. Data were collected through synchronous online interviews using MOHOST to assess motivation, occupational patterns, process skills, motor skills and environmental factors. Statistical analysis was used to compare groups and explore relationships between key variables. Adolescents with GAD had significantly lower total MOHOST scores compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Subscale scores, including motivation for occupation, patterns of occupation, and process skills, were also significantly lower in the GAD group (p<0.05). Environmental factors, such as limited physical and social resources, were positively correlated with reduced occupational motivation and participation. Adolescents with GAD experience substantial occupational participation limitations, driven by both personal and environmental factors. These findings highlight the importance of individualized and environment-focused interventions in occupational therapy to enhance motivation, restore routines, and support social roles. Future studies should investigate the long-term effects of such interventions on adolescents with GAD.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anxiety Adolescents Occupational Therapy mental health activities of daily living

Etik Beyan

The study was approved by the local institutional ethical board, and it was examined by the ministry of health and were found in accordance with the regulation (File number: 04/56), dated, 2021. All the procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the national research standards and with the Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all the individual participants included in the study.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to all respondents who completed the survey.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Christiansen CH, Baum CM, Bass JD. Occupational Therapy Performance Participation, and Well-Being. 4th Edition, Minnesota, 2024. p:1-669. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003522997
  • 2. Reitz SM, Scaffa ME, Dorsey J. Occupational therapy in the promotion of health and well-being. Am J Occup Ther. 2020; 74(3). https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.743003
  • 3. World Health Organization. WHO guideline on self-care interventions for health and well-being, 2022 revision. World Health Organization; 2022.
  • 4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. 5th Edition, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
  • 5. Strawn JR, et al. Research review: Pediatric anxiety disorders–what have we learnt in the last 10 years? J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021; 62(2):114-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13262
  • 6. Swan AJ, Kendall PC. Fear and missing out: Youth anxiety and functional outcomes. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2016; 23(4):417-435. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12169
  • 7. Louise, P., M. Louise, and G. Jean, The burden of generalized anxiety disorder in Canada. Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice, 2017; 37(2): p. 54. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.37.2.04
  • 8. Ruscio, A.M., et al., Cross-sectional comparison of the epidemiology of DSM-5 generalized anxiety disorder across the globe. JAMA psychiatry, 2017; 74(5): p. 465-475. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0056
  • 9. Awadalla, S., E.B. Davies, and C. Glazebrook, A longitudinal cohort study to explore the relationship between depression, anxiety and academic performance among Emirati university students. BMC psychiatry, 2020; 20: p. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02854-z
  • 10. Sprung, J.M. and A. Rogers, Work-life balance as a predictor of college student anxiety and depression. Journal of American college health, 2021; 69(7): p. 775-782. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1706540
  • 11. Hohls, J.K., et al., Anxiety, depression and quality of life—a systematic review of evidence from longitudinal observational studies. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021; 18(22): p. 12022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212022
  • 12. Zhou, Y., et al., Comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and its association with quality of life in patients with major depressive disorder. Scientific reports, 2017; 7(1): p. 40511. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40511
  • 13. Manley, H., et al., The relationship between teachers' day‐to‐day classroom management practices and anxiety in primary school children: A systematic review. Review of Education, 2023; 11(1): p. e3385. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3385
  • 14. McLoone J, Hudson JL, Rapee RM. Treating anxiety in adolescents: School-based interventions. Educ Treat Children. 2019; 42(2):127-145.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01928
  • 15. School Mental Health. Anxiety at school. Supporting Minds. 2024; Available from: https://smh-assist.ca/wp-content/uploads/Info-Sheets-Supporting-Minds-Anxiety-1.pdf.
  • 16. Masi, G., Mucci, m., Favilla, L., Romano, R., & Poli, P. Symptomatology and comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1999, 40.3: 210-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-440X(99)90005-6
  • 17. Van Ameringen, M., Mancini, C., & Farvolden, P. The impact of anxiety disorders on educational achievement. Journal of anxiety disorders, 2003, 17.5: 561-571. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00228-1
  • 18. Alfano, C. A. Are children with “pure” generalized anxiety disorder impaired? A comparison with comorbid and healthy children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 2012, 41.6: 739-745. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.715367
  • 19. Boop, C., Cahill, S. M., Davis, C., Dorsey, J., Gibbs, V., Herr, B., ... & Lieberman, D. Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process fourth edition. AJOT: American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2020, 74.S2: 1-85.
  • 20. Shanahan, L., Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Bondy, C. L., & Costello, E. J. Sleep problems predict and are predicted by generalized anxiety/depression and oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2014, 53.5: 550-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.029
  • 21. Dahl, R. E., Lewin, D. S. Pathways to adolescent health sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of adolescent health, 2002, 31.6: 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00506-2
  • 22. Parkinson S, Chester A, Cratchley S, Rowbottom J. Application of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST assessment) in an acute psychiatric setting. Occup Ther Health Care. 2008; 22(2-3):63-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380570801989465
  • 23. University of Illinois at Chicago. Assessments by age: Adolescent. MOHO Web, https://moho-irm.uic.edu/resources/findTheAssessment/age/adolescent.aspx (Access date: 14 April 2025).
  • 24. Wagman, P.,Hjärthag, F., Håkansson, C., Hedin, K., & Gunnarsson, A. B. Factors associated with higher occupational balance in people with anxiety and/or depression who require occupational therapy treatment. Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy, 2021, 28.6: 426-432. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2019.1693626
  • 25. Birgitta Gunnarsson, A., Wagman, P., Hedin, K., & Håkansson, C. Treatment of depression and/or anxiety–outcomes of a randomised controlled trial of the tree theme method® versus regular occupational therapy. BMC psychology, 2018, 6, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-018-0237-0
  • 26. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007; 39(2):175-191.https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146
  • 27. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Routledge; 1988. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  • 28. Zakarneh M. Assessing the occupational functioning for the residents in the houses of hope in Ankara according to the model of human occupation. Hacettepe University; 2015.
  • 29. Kim, Dong-Hee; Kim, Yujin. Factors associated with generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents with cultural diversity: secondary data analysis. BMC public health, 2024, 24.1: 2562. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20384-1
  • 30. Alsharji, K.E., Anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait: the importance of physical activity. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 2020; 27: p. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-00065-6
  • 31. Achtziger, A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. Motivation and volition in the course of action. Springer International Publishing, 2018;485-527. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437190701485852
  • 32. Barton, A. W., Brody, G. H., Yu, T., et al. The profundity of the everyday: Family routines in adolescence predict development in young adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2019, 64.3: 340-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.08.029
  • 33. Peng, P., & Kievit, R. A. The development of academic achievement and cognitive abilities: A bidirectional perspective. Child development perspectives, 2020;14(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12352
  • 34. Nichol, Marianne E.; Pickett, William; Janssen, Ian. Associations between school recreational environments and physical activity. Journal of School Health, 2009, 79.6: 247-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00406.x
  • 35. Fogel, Y., N. Josman, and S. Rosenblum, Exploring the impacts of environmental factors on adolescents’ daily participation: A structural equation modelling approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021; 18(1): p. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010142
  • 36. Hilton, C.L. and J. Kramer, Assessment and intervention of social participation and social skills. Case-Smith’s Occupational Therapy for Children and Adolescents. E-Book, 2019. p. 338.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Stres, İş Terapisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Beyzanur Demirci 0000-0002-4869-7578

Sultan Akel 0000-0003-1413-132X

Songül Derin 0000-0001-8099-4460

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 28 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirci, B., Akel, S., & Derin, S. (2025). EXAMINING THE OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION OF ADOLESCENTS DIAGNOSED WITH GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 22-32.
AMA Demirci B, Akel S, Derin S. EXAMINING THE OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION OF ADOLESCENTS DIAGNOSED WITH GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER. Gazi Sağlık Bil. Nisan 2025;10(1):22-32.
Chicago Demirci, Beyzanur, Sultan Akel, ve Songül Derin. “EXAMINING THE OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION OF ADOLESCENTS DIAGNOSED WITH GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 10, sy. 1 (Nisan 2025): 22-32.
EndNote Demirci B, Akel S, Derin S (01 Nisan 2025) EXAMINING THE OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION OF ADOLESCENTS DIAGNOSED WITH GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 10 1 22–32.
IEEE B. Demirci, S. Akel, ve S. Derin, “EXAMINING THE OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION OF ADOLESCENTS DIAGNOSED WITH GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER”, Gazi Sağlık Bil, c. 10, sy. 1, ss. 22–32, 2025.
ISNAD Demirci, Beyzanur vd. “EXAMINING THE OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION OF ADOLESCENTS DIAGNOSED WITH GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 10/1 (Nisan 2025), 22-32.
JAMA Demirci B, Akel S, Derin S. EXAMINING THE OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION OF ADOLESCENTS DIAGNOSED WITH GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER. Gazi Sağlık Bil. 2025;10:22–32.
MLA Demirci, Beyzanur vd. “EXAMINING THE OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION OF ADOLESCENTS DIAGNOSED WITH GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 22-32.
Vancouver Demirci B, Akel S, Derin S. EXAMINING THE OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION OF ADOLESCENTS DIAGNOSED WITH GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER. Gazi Sağlık Bil. 2025;10(1):22-3.
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