Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Enerji verimliliği ve yeşil dönüşüm: bir sanayi tesisi VFD örneği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 577 - 589, 15.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1582904

Öz

Dünya üzerinde rekabetin ve değişimin agresif ve bu denli hızlı olduğu günümüzde, sabit girdi maliyetlerinin yönetilmesi ve düşürülmesi gerek özel sektör gerekse kamu kurumları için hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu sabit girdi maliyetlerinden en yüksek değere sahip ve kontrol edilebilir olanı enerji maliyetidir. Tüketilen enerjinin en büyük kısmı elektrik motoru kullanımından kaynaklanmaktadır. Büyük tüketim değerlerine sahip motorlar sabit bir hızda çalışacak ve sabit bir çıktı sağlayacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Ancak modern üretim teknikleri ve uygulamalarıyla birlikte teknolojik kontrol yöntemleri de kullanılan elektrik motorları birçok uygulamada farklı hızlar gerektirir. Bu bağlamda, enerji kaynaklarının ve enerjinin verimli ve tasarruflu kullanılmasını sağlamak üzere, güç elektroniği tabanlı değişken frekanslı sürücüler (VFD), motorların hız kontrolünü sağlamak için kullanılır. VFD’ler yardımıyla motorlar enerjiyi tasarruflu ve verimli kullandığı için sanayide yeşil dönüşüme büyük katkı sağlar. Bunun yanında, motor ve elektrik kabloları kullanım ömrü gibi birçok faydası bulunmaktadır. Ancak yapısında kullanılan güç elektroniği ekipmanları sebebiyle harmonik bozunmaya sebebiyet vermektedir. Bu çalışmada, sanayide yaygın olarak kullanılan yıldız-üçgen (Y-Δ) yol verme ile çalışan asenkron motorların enerji verimliliğini artırmaya yönelik enerji yönetimi uygulamalarını göstermek ve şebeke üzerindeki harmonik bozunmanın etkilerinin analizi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışma kapsamında yol verme yöntemlerinin güç tüketimleri, maliyet analizi ve harmonik analizi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Y-Δ yol verme metodu ile karşılaştırıldığında VFD kullanımında ne kadar tasarruf elde edilebileceği ve harmonik bozulmanın ne seviyede olacağı ölçülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda, motorun çalışma frekansına ve süresine bağlı amortisman süresi yaklaşık 1,04 yıl bulunmuş ve toplam harmonik bozunumun (THD) ise ortalama %13’ lerden % 30’ lara çıktığı belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akhan, H. (2022). Sanayide enerji yönetimi: Pompa ve fan sistemlerinde verimlilik artırıcı uygulamalar. Trakya Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(1), 11-23.
  • Almeida, A. T., Fong, J., Falkner, H., & Bertoldi, P. (2017). Policy options to promote energy efficient electric motors and drives in the EU. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 74, 1275-1286.
  • Almeida, A. T., Ferreira, F. J., & Fong, J. (2023). Perspectives on Electric Motor Market Transformation for a Net Zero Carbon Economy. Energies, 16(3), 1248.
  • Aydın, A. B., (2014). Asenkron Motorlar ve Sürücüleri. Kocaeli Üniversitesi.
  • Beaulac, P., Issa, M., Ilinca, A., Lepage, R., & Martini, F. (2021). Improving the energy efficiency of cyclone dust collectors for wood product factories. Open Journal of Energy Efficiency, 10(3), 97-119.
  • D’Urso, D., Chiacchio, F., Borrometi, D., Costa, A., & Compagno, L. (2021). Dynamic failure rate model of an electric motor comparing the Military Standard and Svenska Kullagerfabriken (SKF) methods. Procedia Computer Science, 180, 456-465.
  • Eslami, A., Negnevitsky, M., Franklin, E., & Lyden, S. (2022). Review of AI applications in harmonic analysis in power systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 154, 111897.
  • Fauzi, M. F. B., Hussin, T. N. B. W., & Ismail, I. A. R. B. (2024, November). Force Draft Fan Energy Efficient and Carbon Emission Reduction Using Variable Speed Drive. In 2024 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference (iSPEC) (pp. 164-168). IEEE.
  • Hannan, M. A., Ali, J. A., Mohamed, A., & Hussain, A. (2018). Optimization techniques to enhance the performance of induction motor drives: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 1611-1626.
  • Harsha, A. R., Pranupa, S., Kumar, B. K., Rao, S. N., & Indira, M. S. (2020, October). Arduino based V/f drive for a three phase induction motor using single phase supply. In 2020 International Conference on Smart Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics (ICSTCEE) (pp. 90-94). IEEE.
  • Kapp, S., Wang, C., McNelly, M., Romeiko, X., & Choi, J. K. (2024). A comprehensive analysis of the energy, economic, and environmental impacts of industrial variable frequency drives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140474.
  • Krishnasamy, B., & Ashok, K. (2022). Assessment of harmonic mitigation in v/f drive of induction motor using an ann-based hybrid power filter for a wheat flour mill. Processes, 10(6), 1191.
  • Mokhtar, A., & Nasooti, M. (2020). A decision support tool for cement industry to select energy efficiency measures. Energy Strategy Reviews, 28, 100458.
  • Ozturk, E., Cinperi, N. C., & Kitis, M. (2020). Improving energy efficiency using the most appropriate techniques in an integrated woolen textile facility. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254, 120145.
  • Riungu, E. K., & Moses, P. M. (2022, August). Economic analysis and energy savings of variable speed drives in fans application—A case study capwell milling factory. In 2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • Sadek, M., El-Maghraby, R. M., & Fathy, M. (2023). Evaluation of variable speed drives to improve energy efficiency and reduce gas emissions: Case study. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 29(2), 111-118.
  • Saidur, R., Mekhilef, S., Ali, M. B., Safari, A., & Mohammed, H. A. (2012). Applications of variable speed drive (VSD) in electrical motors energy savings. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 16(1), 543-550.
  • Schibuola, L., Scarpa, M., & Tambani, C. (2018). Variable speed drive (VSD) technology applied to HVAC systems for energy saving: an experimental investigation. Energy Procedia, 148, 806-813.
  • Shuping, Wang, et al. "Energy efficiency evaluation investigation on high voltage inverter retrofit for fans and pumps in power plants." Proc. CIGRE Sessions. 2012
  • Turinno, S., & Facta, M. (2024). The Impact of Power Quality on VFD Application in Motor Fan Dust Collector. International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 8(6), 37.
  • URL-1: https://www.processingmagazine.com/pumps-motors-drives/variable-frequency-drives/article/55283562/the-critical-role-of-modern-variable-frequency-drives-in-industrial-applications: Access Date: 30.04.2025
  • URL-2: https://www.automationworld.com/factory/motion/article/55249304/how-variable-frequency-drives-boost-energy-efficiency Access Date: 30.04.2025
  • Wallace, I. (2021). Harmonic Mitigation Strategies in Variable Frequency Drive Applications. ASHRAE Transactions, 127(1).
  • Wibowo, P. M., Haddin, M., & Marwanto, A. (2021). Energy saving analysis of air fan motor in power plant boiler controlled by variable frequency drive. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 12(4), 2059-2069.

Energy efficiency and green transformation: a VFD case study in an industrial facility

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 577 - 589, 15.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1582904

Öz

In today's world, where competition and change are aggressive and rapid, managing and reducing fixed input costs has become critically important for both the private sector and public institutions. Among these fixed input costs, energy expenses stand out as the most significant and controllable factor. A major portion of energy consumed is attributed to the use of electric motors. These motors, particularly those with high energy consumption, are typically designed to operate at constant speeds and deliver constant output. However, with modern production techniques and practices, many applications now require motors to operate at variable speeds using advanced technological control methods. In this context, Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs), based on power electronics, are used to control motor speed and ensure efficient and economical use of energy and energy resources. By enabling motors to operate more efficiently, VFDs contribute significantly to green transformation in the industrial sector. In addition, they offer several benefits such as extending the service life of motors and electrical cables. However, due to the power electronics components used in their structure, VFDs can cause harmonic distortion. This study aims to demonstrate energy management practices to improve the energy efficiency of induction motors commonly operated with Y-Δ starters in industrial settings and to analyze the effects of harmonic distortion on the power grid. In this context, power consumption, cost analysis and harmonic analysis of different starting methods have been carried out. Furthermore, the energy savings and the level of harmonic distortion resulting from VFD usage have been evaluated and compared with the conventional Y-Δ method. As a result of the study, the payback period was found to be approximately 1.04 years, depending on the motor’s operating frequency and duration, and the total harmonic distortion (THD) was observed to increase from an average of around 13% to 30%.

Kaynakça

  • Akhan, H. (2022). Sanayide enerji yönetimi: Pompa ve fan sistemlerinde verimlilik artırıcı uygulamalar. Trakya Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(1), 11-23.
  • Almeida, A. T., Fong, J., Falkner, H., & Bertoldi, P. (2017). Policy options to promote energy efficient electric motors and drives in the EU. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 74, 1275-1286.
  • Almeida, A. T., Ferreira, F. J., & Fong, J. (2023). Perspectives on Electric Motor Market Transformation for a Net Zero Carbon Economy. Energies, 16(3), 1248.
  • Aydın, A. B., (2014). Asenkron Motorlar ve Sürücüleri. Kocaeli Üniversitesi.
  • Beaulac, P., Issa, M., Ilinca, A., Lepage, R., & Martini, F. (2021). Improving the energy efficiency of cyclone dust collectors for wood product factories. Open Journal of Energy Efficiency, 10(3), 97-119.
  • D’Urso, D., Chiacchio, F., Borrometi, D., Costa, A., & Compagno, L. (2021). Dynamic failure rate model of an electric motor comparing the Military Standard and Svenska Kullagerfabriken (SKF) methods. Procedia Computer Science, 180, 456-465.
  • Eslami, A., Negnevitsky, M., Franklin, E., & Lyden, S. (2022). Review of AI applications in harmonic analysis in power systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 154, 111897.
  • Fauzi, M. F. B., Hussin, T. N. B. W., & Ismail, I. A. R. B. (2024, November). Force Draft Fan Energy Efficient and Carbon Emission Reduction Using Variable Speed Drive. In 2024 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference (iSPEC) (pp. 164-168). IEEE.
  • Hannan, M. A., Ali, J. A., Mohamed, A., & Hussain, A. (2018). Optimization techniques to enhance the performance of induction motor drives: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 1611-1626.
  • Harsha, A. R., Pranupa, S., Kumar, B. K., Rao, S. N., & Indira, M. S. (2020, October). Arduino based V/f drive for a three phase induction motor using single phase supply. In 2020 International Conference on Smart Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics (ICSTCEE) (pp. 90-94). IEEE.
  • Kapp, S., Wang, C., McNelly, M., Romeiko, X., & Choi, J. K. (2024). A comprehensive analysis of the energy, economic, and environmental impacts of industrial variable frequency drives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140474.
  • Krishnasamy, B., & Ashok, K. (2022). Assessment of harmonic mitigation in v/f drive of induction motor using an ann-based hybrid power filter for a wheat flour mill. Processes, 10(6), 1191.
  • Mokhtar, A., & Nasooti, M. (2020). A decision support tool for cement industry to select energy efficiency measures. Energy Strategy Reviews, 28, 100458.
  • Ozturk, E., Cinperi, N. C., & Kitis, M. (2020). Improving energy efficiency using the most appropriate techniques in an integrated woolen textile facility. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254, 120145.
  • Riungu, E. K., & Moses, P. M. (2022, August). Economic analysis and energy savings of variable speed drives in fans application—A case study capwell milling factory. In 2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • Sadek, M., El-Maghraby, R. M., & Fathy, M. (2023). Evaluation of variable speed drives to improve energy efficiency and reduce gas emissions: Case study. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 29(2), 111-118.
  • Saidur, R., Mekhilef, S., Ali, M. B., Safari, A., & Mohammed, H. A. (2012). Applications of variable speed drive (VSD) in electrical motors energy savings. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 16(1), 543-550.
  • Schibuola, L., Scarpa, M., & Tambani, C. (2018). Variable speed drive (VSD) technology applied to HVAC systems for energy saving: an experimental investigation. Energy Procedia, 148, 806-813.
  • Shuping, Wang, et al. "Energy efficiency evaluation investigation on high voltage inverter retrofit for fans and pumps in power plants." Proc. CIGRE Sessions. 2012
  • Turinno, S., & Facta, M. (2024). The Impact of Power Quality on VFD Application in Motor Fan Dust Collector. International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 8(6), 37.
  • URL-1: https://www.processingmagazine.com/pumps-motors-drives/variable-frequency-drives/article/55283562/the-critical-role-of-modern-variable-frequency-drives-in-industrial-applications: Access Date: 30.04.2025
  • URL-2: https://www.automationworld.com/factory/motion/article/55249304/how-variable-frequency-drives-boost-energy-efficiency Access Date: 30.04.2025
  • Wallace, I. (2021). Harmonic Mitigation Strategies in Variable Frequency Drive Applications. ASHRAE Transactions, 127(1).
  • Wibowo, P. M., Haddin, M., & Marwanto, A. (2021). Energy saving analysis of air fan motor in power plant boiler controlled by variable frequency drive. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 12(4), 2059-2069.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Elektrik Tesisleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mustafa Gençay 0009-0000-2203-2634

Altuğ Bozkurt 0000-0001-6458-1260

Erşan Ömer Yüzer 0000-0002-9089-1358

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gençay, M., Bozkurt, A., & Yüzer, E. Ö. (2025). Energy efficiency and green transformation: a VFD case study in an industrial facility. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 577-589. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1582904