Öz
Bu çalışma, doğum sonrası dönemin dişi ratlarda kaygı düzeyi ve öğrenme yetileri üzerindeki etkisini, yerleşik davranışsal paradigmalar kullanarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Erişkin dişi Wistar ratlar iki gruba ayrılmıştır: nullipar (hiç doğum yapmamış) kontrol grubu ve doğum yapmış (postpartum) grup. Kaygı ile ilişkili davranışlar Yükseltilmiş Artı Labirent (Elevated Plus Maze, EPM) testi ile değerlendirilirken, mekânsal öğrenme ve bellek performansı Morris Su Labirenti (Morris Water Maze, MWM) testi ile ölçülmüştür. EPM testinde, doğum yapmış ratlar kontrol grubuna kıyasla açık kollarda anlamlı düzeyde daha az zaman geçirmiştir (p < 0.05); bu bulgu doğum sonrası dönemde artmış kaygı düzeylerini işaret etmektedir. Öte yandan, kapalı veya orta alanlarda geçirilen zaman açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiştir. MWM testinde ise, doğum yapmış ratlar başlangıçta gizli platformu daha hızlı bulmuş olsalar da, performansları zamanla sabitlenmiş; buna karşılık kontrol grubu denemeler boyunca belirgin bir öğrenme eğrisi sergilemiştir. Bu bulgular, doğum sonrası dönemdeki fizyolojik ve nörobiyolojik değişimlerin kaygı düzeylerini artırabileceğini ve öğrenme sürecini kısmen olumsuz etkileyebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Çalışma, doğum sonrası dönemin nörodavranışsal etkilerine ilişkin literatüre katkı sunmakta ve maternal adaptasyonla ilişkili kaygı ve bilişsel değişimleri anlamada hayvan modellerinin önemini vurgulamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Doğum sonrası davranış Kaygı benzeri davranış Morris Su Labirenti Yükseltilmiş Artı Labirent
Kaynakça
- [1] Stoll, B. J., Hansen, N. I., Bell, E. F., et al., “Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network,” Pediatrics, Vol. 126, Issue 3, Pages 443-456, 2010.
- [2] Have, H., Neves, M., “Assisted Reproductive Technology,” Dictionary of Global Bioethics, 2021.
- [3] Oatridge, A., Holdcroft, A., Saeed, N., et al., “Change in brain size during and after pregnancy: study in healthy women and women with preeclampsia,” AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, Vol. 23, Pages 19-26, 2002.
- [4] Kim, P., Leckman, J. F., Mayes, L. C., et al., “The plasticity of human maternal brain: longitudinal changes in brain anatomy during the early postpartum period,” Behav Neurosci, Vol. 124, Pages 695-700, 2010.
- [5] Hoekzema, E., Barba-Müller, E., Pozzobon, C., et al., “Pregnancy leads to long-lasting changes in human brain structure,” Nat Neurosci, Vol. 20, Pages 287-296, 2017.
- [6] Carmona, S., Martínez-García, M., Paternina-Die, M., et al., “Pregnancy and adolescence entail similar neuroanatomical adaptations: A comparative analysis of cerebral morphometric changes,” Hum Brain Mapp, Vol. 40, Pages 2143-2152, 2019.
- [7] Pawluski, J. L., Lonstein, J. S., Fleming, A. S., “The neurobiology of postpartum anxiety and depression,” Trends Neurosci, Vol. 40, Pages 106-120, 2017.
- [8] Hopkins, J., Marcus, M., Campbell, S. B., “Postpartum depression: a critical review,” Psychol Bull, Vol. 95, Pages 498-515, 1984.
- [9] Anderson, M. V., Rutherford, M. D., “Cognitive reorganization during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an evolutionary perspective,” Evol Psychol, Vol. 10, Pages 659-687, 2012.
- [10] Shin, N.-Y., Bak, Y., Nah, Y., et al., “Disturbed retrieval network and prospective memory decline in postpartum women,” Sci Rep, Vol. 8, Page 5476, 2018.
- [11] Zelko, M. D., Robinson, S. R., Hill-Yardin, E., et al., “Novel exploration growth quantifies anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze,” bioRxiv, 2024.
- [12] Othman, M. Z., Hassan, Z., Che Has, A. T., “Morris water maze: A versatile and pertinent tool for assessing spatial learning and memory,” Exp Anim, 71, 264-280, 2022.
- [13] Yang, Y., Qin, J., Chen, W., et al., “Behavioral and pharmacological investigation of anxiety and maternal responsiveness of postpartum female rats in a pup elevated plus maze,” Behav Brain Res, 292, 414-427, 2015.
- [14] Turner, B., Jones, B., Watson, N., “Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin on cognition and anxiety,” 2007.
- [15] Kunisawa, N., Serikawa, T., Kato, M., et al., “Deletion of PHD finger protein 24 (Phf24) causes elevated seizure sensitivity, emotional defects and cognitive impairment in rats,” Proc Annu Meet Japanese Pharmacol Soc, 2020.
- [16] Leuner, B., Mirescu, C., Noiman, L., et al., “Maternal experience inhibits the production of immature neurons in the hippocampus during the postpartum period through elevations in adrenal steroids,” Hippocampus, 17, 2007.
- [17] Acosta, G., Rico, K. T., Madden, J., et al., “The effects of moderate prenatal alcohol exposure on performance in hippocampal-sensitive spatial memory and anxiety tasks by adult male and female rat offspring,” Alcohol, 2024.
- [18] Bert, B., Fink, H., Huston, J., et al., “Fischer 344 and Wistar rats differ in anxiety and habituation but not in water maze performance,” Neurobiol Learn Mem, 78, 11-22, 2002.
- [19] Li, H., Tamura, R., Hayashi, D., et al., “Dentate neurogenesis modulates dorsal hippocampal excitation/inhibition balance crucial for cognitive flexibility,” bioRxiv, 2023.
Öz
The present study seeks to examine the impact of the postpartum period on anxiety levels and learning abilities in female rats, utilizing established behavioral paradigms. Adult female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a nulliparous control group and a postpartum group. Anxiety-related behavior was assessed using the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), while spatial learning and memory performance were evaluated through the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. In the EPM, postpartum rats demonstrated a significant reduction in the time spent in the open arms compared to controls (p < 0.05), indicating elevated anxiety levels following parturition. Conversely, no significant differences were observed in the time spent in closed or central zones. In the MWM, although postpartum rats initially located the hidden platform more quickly, their performance plateaued over time, whereas control animals exhibited a robust learning curve across trials. These findings suggest that physiological and neurobiological changes during the postpartum period may increase anxiety and moderately impair learning progression. The study contributes to the growing body of evidence on the neurobehavioral impact of the postpartum period and underscores the utility of animal models in understanding anxiety and cognitive alterations associated with maternal adaptation.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Postpartum behavior Anxiety-like behavior Morris Water Maze Elevated Plus Maze
Kaynakça
- [1] Stoll, B. J., Hansen, N. I., Bell, E. F., et al., “Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network,” Pediatrics, Vol. 126, Issue 3, Pages 443-456, 2010.
- [2] Have, H., Neves, M., “Assisted Reproductive Technology,” Dictionary of Global Bioethics, 2021.
- [3] Oatridge, A., Holdcroft, A., Saeed, N., et al., “Change in brain size during and after pregnancy: study in healthy women and women with preeclampsia,” AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, Vol. 23, Pages 19-26, 2002.
- [4] Kim, P., Leckman, J. F., Mayes, L. C., et al., “The plasticity of human maternal brain: longitudinal changes in brain anatomy during the early postpartum period,” Behav Neurosci, Vol. 124, Pages 695-700, 2010.
- [5] Hoekzema, E., Barba-Müller, E., Pozzobon, C., et al., “Pregnancy leads to long-lasting changes in human brain structure,” Nat Neurosci, Vol. 20, Pages 287-296, 2017.
- [6] Carmona, S., Martínez-García, M., Paternina-Die, M., et al., “Pregnancy and adolescence entail similar neuroanatomical adaptations: A comparative analysis of cerebral morphometric changes,” Hum Brain Mapp, Vol. 40, Pages 2143-2152, 2019.
- [7] Pawluski, J. L., Lonstein, J. S., Fleming, A. S., “The neurobiology of postpartum anxiety and depression,” Trends Neurosci, Vol. 40, Pages 106-120, 2017.
- [8] Hopkins, J., Marcus, M., Campbell, S. B., “Postpartum depression: a critical review,” Psychol Bull, Vol. 95, Pages 498-515, 1984.
- [9] Anderson, M. V., Rutherford, M. D., “Cognitive reorganization during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an evolutionary perspective,” Evol Psychol, Vol. 10, Pages 659-687, 2012.
- [10] Shin, N.-Y., Bak, Y., Nah, Y., et al., “Disturbed retrieval network and prospective memory decline in postpartum women,” Sci Rep, Vol. 8, Page 5476, 2018.
- [11] Zelko, M. D., Robinson, S. R., Hill-Yardin, E., et al., “Novel exploration growth quantifies anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze,” bioRxiv, 2024.
- [12] Othman, M. Z., Hassan, Z., Che Has, A. T., “Morris water maze: A versatile and pertinent tool for assessing spatial learning and memory,” Exp Anim, 71, 264-280, 2022.
- [13] Yang, Y., Qin, J., Chen, W., et al., “Behavioral and pharmacological investigation of anxiety and maternal responsiveness of postpartum female rats in a pup elevated plus maze,” Behav Brain Res, 292, 414-427, 2015.
- [14] Turner, B., Jones, B., Watson, N., “Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin on cognition and anxiety,” 2007.
- [15] Kunisawa, N., Serikawa, T., Kato, M., et al., “Deletion of PHD finger protein 24 (Phf24) causes elevated seizure sensitivity, emotional defects and cognitive impairment in rats,” Proc Annu Meet Japanese Pharmacol Soc, 2020.
- [16] Leuner, B., Mirescu, C., Noiman, L., et al., “Maternal experience inhibits the production of immature neurons in the hippocampus during the postpartum period through elevations in adrenal steroids,” Hippocampus, 17, 2007.
- [17] Acosta, G., Rico, K. T., Madden, J., et al., “The effects of moderate prenatal alcohol exposure on performance in hippocampal-sensitive spatial memory and anxiety tasks by adult male and female rat offspring,” Alcohol, 2024.
- [18] Bert, B., Fink, H., Huston, J., et al., “Fischer 344 and Wistar rats differ in anxiety and habituation but not in water maze performance,” Neurobiol Learn Mem, 78, 11-22, 2002.
- [19] Li, H., Tamura, R., Hayashi, D., et al., “Dentate neurogenesis modulates dorsal hippocampal excitation/inhibition balance crucial for cognitive flexibility,” bioRxiv, 2023.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sinir Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Nisan 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Nisan 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 24 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1 |
