Öz
İnsana özgü kaygılara yönelik derin düşünme alanı oluşturabilen felsefe ve şiir arasındaki daimî yakınlığın birçok akademik araştırmanın merkezinde yer aldığı bilinmektedir. Atfedilen yakınlığın doğası üzerine daha kapsamlı incelemeler yapma arzusunda modern dönem itibarıyla bir artış olduğu düşünüldüğünde, Batı geleneği içerisinde dönemin en etkili filozoflarından biri olan Friedrich Nietzsche’nin felsefe ve edebiyat ya da felsefe ve şiir arasındaki etkileşime yeni bir boyut kazandırdığı söylenebilir. Felsefesinin ilkeleri, özellikle şiir başta olmak üzere birçok edebi tür içerisine aktarılmış ve fikirleri edebiyatçıların fikirleri ile kıyaslanmıştır. Bu noktada, yaşama bakış açılarındaki benzerliklere rağmen Nietzsche ve kendisinin çağdaşlarından biri olan, İngiliz roman yazarı ve şair Thomas Hardy arasındaki bağ odaklı kısıtlı sayıda çalışmanın var olduğu vurgulanmalıdır. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışma Nietzsche felsefesinin öne çıkan özelliklerinin Hardy’nin “Hap” ve “A Plaint to Man” şiirlerine uyarlanabilirliğini açıklığa kavuşturmayı hedeflemekte ve çağdaş okuyucuları, şiirin dünyevi olgulara filozofça yaklaşmak için sunduğu imkânı yeniden gözden geçirmeye davet etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Friedrich Nietzsche Thomas Hardy felsefe ve şiir modern şiir
Kaynakça
- Asquith, M. (2005). Thomas Hardy, metaphysics and music. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Bailey, D. S. (2024). Science, human flourishing, and the “metaphysical need” in Nietzsche’s free spirit works. In Michael J. McNeal (Ed.), Nietzsche’s philosophy of life affirmation: Experimenting with art and science to transfigure humankind (pp. 137-154). Palgrave Macmillan.
- Belliotti, R. A. (2017). Nietzsche’s will to power: Eagles, lions and serpents. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Bhatnagar, M. K. (2000). Twentieth Century literature in English. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors.
- Bloom, H. (2004). Comprehensive research and study guide: Thomas Hardy, Bloom’s major poets. Chelsea House Publishers.
- Bronk, R. (2009). The romantic economist: Imagination in economics. Cambridge University Press.
- Collins. (n.d.). Hap. In collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved January 12, 2025, from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/hap
- Copleston, F.S.J. (1994). A history of philosophy Volume VII, Modern philosophy: From the Post-Kantian idealists to Marx, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. Image Books Doubleday.
- Corcoran, N. (2007). The Cambridge companion to Twentieth-Century English poetry. Cambridge University Press.
- Hardy, T. (1866). Hap. In Ned Halley, The poems of Thomas Hardy: A new selection (p.8). MacMillan Collector’s Library.
- Hardy, T. (1909-10). A plaint to man. In Ned Halley, The poems of Thomas Hardy: A new selection (pp.260-1). MacMillan Collector’s Library.
- Jedrzejewski, J. (1996). Thomas Hardy and the church. Macmillan Press.
- Kumral, N. (2015). Hardy vs Hopkins: A comparative reading of “Hap” and “God’s grandeur” for more communicative and cooperative interactions in EFL settings. The Journal of Narrative and Language Studies, 3(5), 23-30.
- Monk, L. (1994). Standard deviations: Chance and the modern British novel. Stanford University Press.
- Nietzsche, F. (2004). Ecce homo: How one becomes what one is & The antichrist: A curse on Christianity (T. Wayne, Trans.). Algora Publishing.
- Nietzsche, F. (1966). Beyond good and evil (W. Kaufmann, Trans.). Vintage Books.
- Nietzsche, F. (1974). The gay science (W. Kaufmann, Trans.). Vintage Books.
- Nietzsche, F. (2011). Thus Spake Zarathustra (T. Common, Trans.). BS Publishing.
- Pearson, K. A. (2005). How to Read Nietzsche. Granta Books.
- Pinion, F. B. (1968). A Hardy companion: A guide to the works of Thomas Hardy and their background. Palgrave Macmillan St. Martin’s Press.
- Pratt, W. (1996). Singing the chaos: Madness and wisdom in modern poetry. University of Missouri Press.
- Smith, R. M. (1924). The philosophy in Thomas Hardy’s poetry. The North American Review, 220(825), 330-40.
- Starsheen, M. A. (2018). Tales of the Egyptian Gods. The Rt. Rev. Michael A. Starsheen.
- Steinberg, G. (2013). Thomas Hardy: The poems. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Williamson, E. (1978). Thomas Hardy and Friedrich Nietzsche: The reasons. Comparative Literature Studies, 15(4), 403-413.
Öz
The perpetual affinity between philosophy and poetry in terms of providing an apt site for contemplation upon humane concerns is known to have been at the heart of a considerable number of academic researches. Given that there has been a revival of interest in delving into the nature of the referred affinity since modern period, Friedrich Nietzsche as one of the most influential philosophers of the period in the Western tradition can be said to have added a novel dimension to the dyad between philosophy and literature or philosophy and poetry. The tenets of his philosophy have been transposed into a variety of literary genres, particularly into poetry, and his ideas have been compared with certain literary figures. At this point, it must be highlighted that there exists limited number of studies about the bond between Nietzsche and one of his English contemporaries, novelist and poet Thomas Hardy notwithstanding the conformities in their outlook on life. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the adaptability of the distinctive features of Nietzschean philosophy into Hardy’s two poems, “Hap” and “A Plaint to Man” and to impel contemporary readers to reoccupy their notions about poetry as a means to philosophising things in the world.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Friedrich Nietzsche Thomas Hardy philosophy and poetry modern poetry
Kaynakça
- Asquith, M. (2005). Thomas Hardy, metaphysics and music. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Bailey, D. S. (2024). Science, human flourishing, and the “metaphysical need” in Nietzsche’s free spirit works. In Michael J. McNeal (Ed.), Nietzsche’s philosophy of life affirmation: Experimenting with art and science to transfigure humankind (pp. 137-154). Palgrave Macmillan.
- Belliotti, R. A. (2017). Nietzsche’s will to power: Eagles, lions and serpents. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Bhatnagar, M. K. (2000). Twentieth Century literature in English. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors.
- Bloom, H. (2004). Comprehensive research and study guide: Thomas Hardy, Bloom’s major poets. Chelsea House Publishers.
- Bronk, R. (2009). The romantic economist: Imagination in economics. Cambridge University Press.
- Collins. (n.d.). Hap. In collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved January 12, 2025, from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/hap
- Copleston, F.S.J. (1994). A history of philosophy Volume VII, Modern philosophy: From the Post-Kantian idealists to Marx, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. Image Books Doubleday.
- Corcoran, N. (2007). The Cambridge companion to Twentieth-Century English poetry. Cambridge University Press.
- Hardy, T. (1866). Hap. In Ned Halley, The poems of Thomas Hardy: A new selection (p.8). MacMillan Collector’s Library.
- Hardy, T. (1909-10). A plaint to man. In Ned Halley, The poems of Thomas Hardy: A new selection (pp.260-1). MacMillan Collector’s Library.
- Jedrzejewski, J. (1996). Thomas Hardy and the church. Macmillan Press.
- Kumral, N. (2015). Hardy vs Hopkins: A comparative reading of “Hap” and “God’s grandeur” for more communicative and cooperative interactions in EFL settings. The Journal of Narrative and Language Studies, 3(5), 23-30.
- Monk, L. (1994). Standard deviations: Chance and the modern British novel. Stanford University Press.
- Nietzsche, F. (2004). Ecce homo: How one becomes what one is & The antichrist: A curse on Christianity (T. Wayne, Trans.). Algora Publishing.
- Nietzsche, F. (1966). Beyond good and evil (W. Kaufmann, Trans.). Vintage Books.
- Nietzsche, F. (1974). The gay science (W. Kaufmann, Trans.). Vintage Books.
- Nietzsche, F. (2011). Thus Spake Zarathustra (T. Common, Trans.). BS Publishing.
- Pearson, K. A. (2005). How to Read Nietzsche. Granta Books.
- Pinion, F. B. (1968). A Hardy companion: A guide to the works of Thomas Hardy and their background. Palgrave Macmillan St. Martin’s Press.
- Pratt, W. (1996). Singing the chaos: Madness and wisdom in modern poetry. University of Missouri Press.
- Smith, R. M. (1924). The philosophy in Thomas Hardy’s poetry. The North American Review, 220(825), 330-40.
- Starsheen, M. A. (2018). Tales of the Egyptian Gods. The Rt. Rev. Michael A. Starsheen.
- Steinberg, G. (2013). Thomas Hardy: The poems. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Williamson, E. (1978). Thomas Hardy and Friedrich Nietzsche: The reasons. Comparative Literature Studies, 15(4), 403-413.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 4 Haziran 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 4 Ekim 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 26 Şubat 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1 |
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