Öz
Throughout The Voyage Out (1915), as in its earliest (unpublished) version, Melymbrosia (written over several years up to 1912) (De Salvo, 2004, p. xix), Virginia Woolf presents a consistently and insistently critical depiction of the social, physical, and mental spaces. This paper highlights how the novel both illustrates and critiques the spatial norms and practices established by the prevailing social systems that governed the creation and utilization of lived space around the turn of the century. Woolf employs her fiction to explore how, despite the discriminatory regulation of places, social space is heterogeneous, varied, and dynamic, which aligns with the arguments of Lefebvre, Foucault, and Tuan. Bachelard is also referred to as a mouthpiece for the gendered norms of the time with regards to spatial thinking. Extended to sites beyond the domicile and the individual, the narrator’s comments, especially those mediated through the female focalizers, present differing spatial experiences that relate to and undermine this discourse and its related classist, patriarchal and imperialist ideology.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Space theories Virginia Woolf Gaston Bachelard Henri Lefebvre Michel Foucault Yi-Fu Tuan
Proje Numarası
-
Kaynakça
- Bachelard, G. (1994). The poetics of space (M. Jolas, Trans.). Beacon Press.
- Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays by MM Bakhtin. In M. Holquist. (Ed.), (C. Emerson & M. Holquist. Trans.). University of Texas Press.
- Bullman, J., & Neil, H., & Brian, H. (2013). The Secret history of our streets. A Story of London. Ebury Publishing.
- Carroll, R., & Stephen, P. (2008). The Bible: Authorized King James version. Oxford Paperbacks.
- Conrad, J. (1999). Heart of darkness & other stories. Wordsworth Classics.
- De Salvo, L. (2004). Introduction. Melymbrosia. Cleis Press.
- Elden, S. (2007). There is a politics of space because space is political. Henri Lefebvre and the production of space. Radical Philosophy Review, 10(2), 101-116.
- Foucault, M. (1986). Of other spaces. Diacritics, 16(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.2307/464648
- Ganser, A. (2009). Roads of her own: Gendered space and mobility in American women’s road narratives, 1970–2000. Rodopi.
- Hansard Online. “Dreadnoughts” and “Invincibles”. 29 March 1909. Columnn 18. https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1909-03-29/debates/ba5c6e1f-be5d-45b0-aefe-3348044fe13f/DreadnoughtsAndInvincibles(NumberIn1912)
- Larsson, L. (2017). Walking Virginia Woolf’s London: An investigation in literary geography. Springer.
- Lefebvre, H. (1976). Reflections on the politics of space. (M. J. Enders, Trans.). Antipode, 8(2), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1976.tb00636.x
- Lefebvre, H. (1991). The Production of space. (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Blackwell.
- Massey, D. (1994). Space, place and gender. University of Minesota Press.
- Montgomery, N. (2000). Colonial rhetoric and the maternal voice: Deconstruction and disengagement in Virginia Woolf’s The Voyage Out. Twentieth century literature: A Scholarly and critical journal, 46(1), 34-55. https://doi.org/10.2307/441932
- Nadeau, A., & Umass, A. (2014). Exploring women: Virginia Woolf’s imperial revisions from The Voyage Out to Mrs. Dalloway. Modern language studies, 44(1), 14-35.
- Peach, L. (2000). Virginia Woolf. St. Martin’s Press.
- Price, J.M. (2002). The Apotheosis of home and the maintenance of spaces of violence. Hypatia, 17, 39-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2002.tb01073.x
- Rabinowitz, N. S. (2013). Women as subject and object of the gaze in tragedy. Helios, 40(1-2), 195-221. https://doi.org/10.1353/hel.2013.0003
- Seal, B. (2012). Woolf at the door 1. Psychogeographic Review. https://psychogeographicreview.com/woolf-at-the-door-the-city-and-modernism
- Snaith, A., & Whitworth, M. (2007). Locating Woolf: The politics of space and place. Palgrave.
- Squier, S. M. (1985). Virginia Woolf and London: The sexual politics of the city. University of North Carolina Press.
- Tally, R. T. (2013). Spatiality. Routledge.
- Tuan, Y. (1977). Space and place: The Perspective of experience. University of Minnesota Press.
- Yılmaz, V. B. (2016). Carnivalization of gender hierarchies and the body in Virginia Woolf’s fiction in Middle East Technical University [Doctoral dissertation]. Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Department of English Literature. https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12619909/index.pdf
- Wegner, P. E. (2002). Spatial criticism: Critical geography, space, place and textuality. In J. Wolfreys. (Ed.), Introducing criticism at the 21st century (pp. 220-237). Edinburgh UP.
- Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and Literature. Oxford University Press.
- Woolf, V. (2002). Melymbrosia. Cleis Press.
- Woolf, V. (1985). Moments of being. In J. Schulkind. (Ed.). Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers.
- Woolf, V. (1989). A Room of One's Own. [1929]. Harcourt.
- Woolf, V. (2004). Melymbrosia. [1912]. In L. de Salvo. (Ed.). Cleis Press.
- Woolf, V. (2013). The Voyage Out. [1915]. HarperCollins UK.
- Zink, S. (2018). Virginia Woolf’s rooms and the spaces of modernity. Springer.
Öz
Virginia Woolf, The Voyage Out (1915) romanı boyunca, tıpkı ilk (yayınlanmamış) versiyonu olan Melymbrosia’da (1912’ye kadar birkaç yıl boyunca yazılmıştır) (De Salvo, 2004, s. xix) olduğu gibi, sosyal, fiziksel ve zihinsel alanların sürekli ve ısrarla eleştirel bir tasvirini sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, romanın hem dönemin sosyal sistemleri tarafından oluşturulan ve yaşanılan alanın yaratımını ve kullanımını yöneten mekansal normları ve uygulamaları gösterdiğini hem de eleştirdiğini vurgulamaktadır. Woolf, kurgusu aracılığıyla, mekanların ayrıştırıcı düzenlemelerine rağmen sosyal alanın heterojen, çeşitli ve dinamik olduğunu gösterir. Bu yaklaşım, Lefebvre, Foucault ve Tuan’ın argümanlarıyla uyumludur. Bu çalışmada Bachelard da mekansal düşünce konusundaki cinsiyet normlarının bir temsilcisi olarak bahsedilmektedir. Ev, vatan ve birey ötesindeki alanlara genişletilen anlatıcının yorumları, özellikle de kadın karakterlerin bakış açılarıyla iletilenler, farklı mekansal deneyimleri sunar ve mevcut sınıfsal, ataerkil ve emperyalist ideolojilere karşı çıkar.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mekan teorileri Virginia Woolf Gaston Bachelard Henri Lefebvre Michel Foucault Yi-Fu Tuan
Etik Beyan
-
Destekleyen Kurum
-
Proje Numarası
-
Teşekkür
-
Kaynakça
- Bachelard, G. (1994). The poetics of space (M. Jolas, Trans.). Beacon Press.
- Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays by MM Bakhtin. In M. Holquist. (Ed.), (C. Emerson & M. Holquist. Trans.). University of Texas Press.
- Bullman, J., & Neil, H., & Brian, H. (2013). The Secret history of our streets. A Story of London. Ebury Publishing.
- Carroll, R., & Stephen, P. (2008). The Bible: Authorized King James version. Oxford Paperbacks.
- Conrad, J. (1999). Heart of darkness & other stories. Wordsworth Classics.
- De Salvo, L. (2004). Introduction. Melymbrosia. Cleis Press.
- Elden, S. (2007). There is a politics of space because space is political. Henri Lefebvre and the production of space. Radical Philosophy Review, 10(2), 101-116.
- Foucault, M. (1986). Of other spaces. Diacritics, 16(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.2307/464648
- Ganser, A. (2009). Roads of her own: Gendered space and mobility in American women’s road narratives, 1970–2000. Rodopi.
- Hansard Online. “Dreadnoughts” and “Invincibles”. 29 March 1909. Columnn 18. https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1909-03-29/debates/ba5c6e1f-be5d-45b0-aefe-3348044fe13f/DreadnoughtsAndInvincibles(NumberIn1912)
- Larsson, L. (2017). Walking Virginia Woolf’s London: An investigation in literary geography. Springer.
- Lefebvre, H. (1976). Reflections on the politics of space. (M. J. Enders, Trans.). Antipode, 8(2), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1976.tb00636.x
- Lefebvre, H. (1991). The Production of space. (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Blackwell.
- Massey, D. (1994). Space, place and gender. University of Minesota Press.
- Montgomery, N. (2000). Colonial rhetoric and the maternal voice: Deconstruction and disengagement in Virginia Woolf’s The Voyage Out. Twentieth century literature: A Scholarly and critical journal, 46(1), 34-55. https://doi.org/10.2307/441932
- Nadeau, A., & Umass, A. (2014). Exploring women: Virginia Woolf’s imperial revisions from The Voyage Out to Mrs. Dalloway. Modern language studies, 44(1), 14-35.
- Peach, L. (2000). Virginia Woolf. St. Martin’s Press.
- Price, J.M. (2002). The Apotheosis of home and the maintenance of spaces of violence. Hypatia, 17, 39-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2002.tb01073.x
- Rabinowitz, N. S. (2013). Women as subject and object of the gaze in tragedy. Helios, 40(1-2), 195-221. https://doi.org/10.1353/hel.2013.0003
- Seal, B. (2012). Woolf at the door 1. Psychogeographic Review. https://psychogeographicreview.com/woolf-at-the-door-the-city-and-modernism
- Snaith, A., & Whitworth, M. (2007). Locating Woolf: The politics of space and place. Palgrave.
- Squier, S. M. (1985). Virginia Woolf and London: The sexual politics of the city. University of North Carolina Press.
- Tally, R. T. (2013). Spatiality. Routledge.
- Tuan, Y. (1977). Space and place: The Perspective of experience. University of Minnesota Press.
- Yılmaz, V. B. (2016). Carnivalization of gender hierarchies and the body in Virginia Woolf’s fiction in Middle East Technical University [Doctoral dissertation]. Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Department of English Literature. https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12619909/index.pdf
- Wegner, P. E. (2002). Spatial criticism: Critical geography, space, place and textuality. In J. Wolfreys. (Ed.), Introducing criticism at the 21st century (pp. 220-237). Edinburgh UP.
- Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and Literature. Oxford University Press.
- Woolf, V. (2002). Melymbrosia. Cleis Press.
- Woolf, V. (1985). Moments of being. In J. Schulkind. (Ed.). Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers.
- Woolf, V. (1989). A Room of One's Own. [1929]. Harcourt.
- Woolf, V. (2004). Melymbrosia. [1912]. In L. de Salvo. (Ed.). Cleis Press.
- Woolf, V. (2013). The Voyage Out. [1915]. HarperCollins UK.
- Zink, S. (2018). Virginia Woolf’s rooms and the spaces of modernity. Springer.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | - |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 4 Haziran 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 8 Ekim 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 27 Ocak 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1 |
Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.