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Geçici Koruma Statüsündeki Suriyelilerin Travma ve Psikosomatik Yaşantı Deneyimleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Peker Özel Sayısı, 32 - 53, 15.06.2025

M. Doğan Karacoşkun , Yusuf Ahmet Kaya

https://doi.org/10.62297/idrak.1657260

Öz

Topluluk modalitesinde; ekonomik, politik ve kültürel alanda yaşanan sosyal bağlamdaki değişimler, topluluğun ilişkilerinde, davranış kalıplarında ve sosyal yapılarında birtakım dönüşümlere neden olur. Bu sosyal dönüşüm, topluluktaki bireylerin ruhsal, bedensel ve sosyal olarak yapısal değişimlerle karşı karşıya kalmasına neden olur. Bu yapısal değişimler, uygun dönüşüm ihtiyacını karşılayamadığında sosyal zorlantıya dönüşerek bilişsel, duyuşsal, devinişsel deneyim zorluklarıyla bireyi ilişkisel, zamansal ve duygusal temelde zor bir deneyime çeker. Bu zorluk hâli, topluluktaki bireylerin yaşam memnuniyetini öznel yoğunlukta belirli düzeyde düşmesine ve böylece de dönüştürülemeyen, çözümlenemeyen zorlantının stresörler vasıtasıyla büyüyüp genişlemesine, travmatik somatik bulgular ile somutlaştırılmasına neden olur. Bu çalışmada savaş nedeniyle Türkiye’ye zorunlu olarak göç eden Suriyelilerin, travma ve psikosomatik yaşantı deneyimleri incelenmektedir. Bu deneyimlerin birey üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesinin hedeflendiği çalışmada, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB) ve bu bozukluğun özgül komorbiditesi olan psikosomatizasyon deneyimlerinin bireylerin günlük yaşamlarına yansımalarının analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik yaklaşıma dayanmaktadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Kilis ilinde geçici koruma statüsünde ikamet etmekte olan 16 Suriyeliden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla toplanmış olup ilişkisel, zamansal ve duygusal yaşantı deneyimleri başlıkları altında ele alınmıştır. Araştırma, geçici koruma statüsündeki Suriyelilerin ilişkisel, zamansal ve duygusal yaşantı deneyimlerinin, travma ve psikosomatik belirtilerin ortaya çıkışında belirleyici olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırmada uzun süreli stresin ve travma altında yaşamanın katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunda travmatik ve psikosomatik belirtilere neden olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların yaşadığı travmatik olaylar, genellikle bedensel ağrı ve yakınmalar olarak gözlemlenirken; psikosomatik belirtilerin travma sonrası stres bozukluğunun kültüre dayanan yaygın bir sonucu olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, katılımcıların toplumsal yapıdan izole görüntü verdikleri ve dışlanmış hissettikleri gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psikoloji Ortadoğu ve Göç Travma Psikosomatizasyon Geçici Koruma Statüsündeki Suriyeliler

Kaynakça

  • Al-Baldawi, Riyadh. “Migration-related stress and psychosomatic consequences”. International Congress Series 1241 (01 Eylül 2002), 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5131(02)00649-0
  • Alpak, Gokay vd. “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Syrian Refugees in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study”. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 19/1 (Mart 2015), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.3109/13651501.2014.961930
  • Alzuabi, Hana A. vd. “Psychogenic Dysphagia in an Elderly: A Case of Eating Disorder Due to Trauma and Grief”. Cureus 15/10 (Ekim 2023), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.47137
  • Aydoğan, Ebrar. Psikosomatik yakınmaları olan ergenlerde zihinsel tasarımlar: Süreç analizi. Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12415/10056
  • Bendtsen, L. vd. “Muscles and Their Role in Episodic Tension‐type Headache: Implications for Treatment”. Erişim 10 Mart 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.748
  • Bentley, Jacob vd. “Post-Migration Stress as a Moderator Between Traumatic Exposure and Self-Reported Mental Health Symptoms in a Sample of Somali Refugees”. Journal of Loss & Trauma - J LOSS TRAUMA 17 (01 Eylül 2012), 452-469. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2012.665008
  • Berry, John W. - Hou, Feng. “Acculturation, discrimination and wellbeing among second generation of immigrants in Canada”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 61 (2017), 29-39. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.08.003
  • Bica, Camillo. “A Therapeutic Application of Philosophy”. International Journal of Applied Philosophy 13 (01 Ocak 1999), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.5840/ijap19991313
  • Bogic, Marija vd. “Long-Term Mental Health of War-Refugees: A Systematic Literature Review”. BMC International Health and Human Rights 15/29 (28 Ekim 2015), 2-41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-015-0064-9
  • Brandt, Lasse vd. “The Effects of Social Isolation Stress and Discrimination on Mental Health”. Translational Psychiatry 12/1 (21 Eylül 2022), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02178-4
  • Brunnet, A. E. vd. “Migrations, Trauma and Mental Health: A Literature Update on Psychological Assessment”. L’Encephale 46/5 (Ekim 2020), 364-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.03.009
  • Bushuven, Stefan vd. “Emotional and Psychological Effects of Dysphagia: Validation of the Jugendwerk Dysphagia Emotion and Family Assessment (JDEFA)”. Dysphagia 37/2 (Nisan 2022), 375-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-021-10289-1
  • Cherry, Kendra. “What Happens in Your Brain When You’re Angry, According to Psychology”. Verywell Mind. 2024. Erişim 10 Mart 2025. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-happens-in-your-brain-when-youre-angry-8753372
  • Comas-Díaz, Lillian. “Sociopolitical trauma: Ethnicity, race, and migration”. Trauma and racial minority immigrants: Turmoil, uncertainty, and resistance. 127-146. Cultural, racial, and ethnic psychology. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000214-008
  • Corbett, Lisa - Milton, Martin. “Existential therapy: A useful approach to trauma?” Counselling Psychology Review 26/1 (2011), 62-74.
  • Cozolino, Louis. The Neuroscience of Psychotherapy: Healing the Social Brain (The Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology). W. W. Norton & Company, 2. Basım, 2010.
  • Creswell, John W. - Poth, Cheryl N. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, 2017.
  • Çilli, Ali Savaş vd. “Ev Kadınlarında ve Çalışan Evli Kadınlarda Psikolojik Belirtilerin Karşılaştırılması”. Genel Tıp Dergisi 14/1 (2004), 1-5.
  • Dinçel, Esen. “Stresin Psikofizyolojisi ve Strese Bağlı Bedensel Hastalıklar”. Türk Psikoloji Bülteni 10/34-35 (2004), 56-84.
  • Fletcher, G. J. O. - Thomas, G. “Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach”. Close relationship lay theories: Their structure and function. 22. 1. Psychology Press, 1. Basım, 1996. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1995-99111-001
  • Habtamu, Kassahun vd. “Prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among Ethiopian migrant returnees from the Middle East and South Africa”. BMC Psychiatry 17/1 (19 Nisan 2017), 144. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1310-6
  • Harada, Tokiko vd. “Cultural Influences on Neural Systems of Intergroup Emotion Perception: An fMRI Study”. Neuropsychologia 137 (03 Şubat 2020), 107254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107254
  • Jamil, Hikraei vd. “Pre- and post-displacement stressors and time of migration as related to self-rated health among Iraqi immigrants and refugees in Southeast Michigan”. Medicine, conflict, and survival 26/3 (2010), 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2010.513655
  • Karadayı, Figen. “Sosyo-Tarihsel Yaklaşım ile Kültürel Psikoloji”. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 8/8 (01 Eylül 2001), 189-218.
  • Khumalo, I. P. vd. “Socio-Demographic Variables, General Psychological Well-Being and the Mental Health Continuum in an African Context”. Social Indicators Research 105/3 (01 Şubat 2012), 419-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9777-2
  • Kiselev, Nikolai vd. “Structural and socio-cultural barriers to accessing mental healthcare among Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in Switzerland”. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 11/1 (04 Şubat 2020), 1717825. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1717825
  • Kolk, Bessel A. van der. The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. New York, NY, US: Viking, 2014.
  • Labouvie-Vief, Gisela vd. “Speaking about feelings: Conceptions of emotion across the life span”. Psychology and Aging 4/4 (1989), 425-437. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.4.4.425
  • Larionow, Paweł vd. “Towards Psychosomatic Medicine: The Role of Age and Emotional Characteristics in People with Psychosomatic Disorders”. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia 35 (19 Aralık 2022), 143-156. https://doi.org/10.17951/j.2022.35.3.143-156
  • Levine, Peter A. In an Unspoken Voice: How the Body Releases Trauma and Restores Goodness. North Atlantic Books, 2010.
  • Maier, Thomas - Straub, Mirjam. “‘My Head Is like a Bag Full of Rubbish’: Concepts of Illness and Treatment Expectations in Traumatized Migrants”. Qualitative Health Research 21/2 (Şubat 2011), 233-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732310383867
  • Martin, M. J. “Muscle-contraction (tension) headache: Psychosomatic illness review: No. 8 in a series”. Psychosomatics 24/4 (01 Nisan 1983), 319-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(83)73211-1
  • Mazzetti, Angela - Blenkinsopp, John. 2012. “Evaluating a visual timeline methodology for appraisal and coping research”. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 85/4 (ts.), 649-665. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.2012.02060.x
  • McGuire, Tanner vd. “The Mental Health of Refugees during a Pandemic: The Impact of COVID-19 on Resettled Bhutanese Refugees”. Asian Bioethics Review 13/4 (13 Eylül 2021), 375-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41649-021-00183-1
  • Menkü, Burak Erman - Coşar, Behcet. “Psikosomatik Bozukluklar”. Turkiye Klinikleri Psychiatry - Special Topics 14/4 (2021), 32-36.
  • Meyer, Silke - Claudius, Ströhle. “Introduction: Theorizing Remittances, Social Positioning and the Making of Migrant Subjectivity”. Remittances as Social Practices and Agents of Change. 1-25. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81504-2_1
  • Mohammadi, Zahra vd. “A Network Analysis of ICD-11 Complex PTSD, Emotional Processing, and Dissociative Experiences in the Context of Psychological Trauma at Different Developmental Stages”. Frontiers in Psychiatry 15 (12 Mart 2024). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1372620
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A Study on Trauma and Psychosomatic Experiences of Syrians under Temporary Protection Status

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Peker Özel Sayısı, 32 - 53, 15.06.2025

M. Doğan Karacoşkun , Yusuf Ahmet Kaya

https://doi.org/10.62297/idrak.1657260

Öz

In the modality of community, social transformations in economic, political, and cultural domains reshape relationships, behavioral patterns, and social structures. These transformations bring about structural shifts that affect individuals on psychological, physical, and social levels. When such changes fail to provide adequate support for adaptation, they function as social stressors. Consequently, individuals may experience relational, temporal, and emotional challenges due to cognitive, affective, and behavioral difficulties. This state of adversity leads to a decrease in subjective well-being and life satisfaction, while also intensifying unresolved stress, often manifesting through traumatic somatic symptoms. This study explores the trauma and psychosomatic experiences of Syrians who were forcibly displaced to Turkey due to war. Specifically, it investigates how post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its comorbidity, psychosomatization, affect the everyday lives of displaced individuals. Utilizing a phenomenological approach within qualitative research methodology, the study includes 16 Syrians living under temporary protection in Kilis. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed around themes of relational, temporal, and emotional life experiences. The findings indicate that disruptions in these three domains significantly contribute to the emergence and persistence of trauma and psychosomatic symptoms. Many participants reported chronic physical pain and bodily complaints linked to traumatic experiences, suggesting that psychosomatic symptoms are not only widespread but also culturally embedded manifestations of PTSD. Additionally, participants expressed a deep sense of social isolation and exclusion from the broader social environment, further exacerbating their psychological and physical distress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychology Middle East and Migration Trauma Psychosomatization Syrians under Temporary Protection Status

Kaynakça

  • Al-Baldawi, Riyadh. “Migration-related stress and psychosomatic consequences”. International Congress Series 1241 (01 Eylül 2002), 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5131(02)00649-0
  • Alpak, Gokay vd. “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Syrian Refugees in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study”. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 19/1 (Mart 2015), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.3109/13651501.2014.961930
  • Alzuabi, Hana A. vd. “Psychogenic Dysphagia in an Elderly: A Case of Eating Disorder Due to Trauma and Grief”. Cureus 15/10 (Ekim 2023), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.47137
  • Aydoğan, Ebrar. Psikosomatik yakınmaları olan ergenlerde zihinsel tasarımlar: Süreç analizi. Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12415/10056
  • Bendtsen, L. vd. “Muscles and Their Role in Episodic Tension‐type Headache: Implications for Treatment”. Erişim 10 Mart 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.748
  • Bentley, Jacob vd. “Post-Migration Stress as a Moderator Between Traumatic Exposure and Self-Reported Mental Health Symptoms in a Sample of Somali Refugees”. Journal of Loss & Trauma - J LOSS TRAUMA 17 (01 Eylül 2012), 452-469. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2012.665008
  • Berry, John W. - Hou, Feng. “Acculturation, discrimination and wellbeing among second generation of immigrants in Canada”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 61 (2017), 29-39. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.08.003
  • Bica, Camillo. “A Therapeutic Application of Philosophy”. International Journal of Applied Philosophy 13 (01 Ocak 1999), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.5840/ijap19991313
  • Bogic, Marija vd. “Long-Term Mental Health of War-Refugees: A Systematic Literature Review”. BMC International Health and Human Rights 15/29 (28 Ekim 2015), 2-41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-015-0064-9
  • Brandt, Lasse vd. “The Effects of Social Isolation Stress and Discrimination on Mental Health”. Translational Psychiatry 12/1 (21 Eylül 2022), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02178-4
  • Brunnet, A. E. vd. “Migrations, Trauma and Mental Health: A Literature Update on Psychological Assessment”. L’Encephale 46/5 (Ekim 2020), 364-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.03.009
  • Bushuven, Stefan vd. “Emotional and Psychological Effects of Dysphagia: Validation of the Jugendwerk Dysphagia Emotion and Family Assessment (JDEFA)”. Dysphagia 37/2 (Nisan 2022), 375-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-021-10289-1
  • Cherry, Kendra. “What Happens in Your Brain When You’re Angry, According to Psychology”. Verywell Mind. 2024. Erişim 10 Mart 2025. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-happens-in-your-brain-when-youre-angry-8753372
  • Comas-Díaz, Lillian. “Sociopolitical trauma: Ethnicity, race, and migration”. Trauma and racial minority immigrants: Turmoil, uncertainty, and resistance. 127-146. Cultural, racial, and ethnic psychology. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000214-008
  • Corbett, Lisa - Milton, Martin. “Existential therapy: A useful approach to trauma?” Counselling Psychology Review 26/1 (2011), 62-74.
  • Cozolino, Louis. The Neuroscience of Psychotherapy: Healing the Social Brain (The Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology). W. W. Norton & Company, 2. Basım, 2010.
  • Creswell, John W. - Poth, Cheryl N. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, 2017.
  • Çilli, Ali Savaş vd. “Ev Kadınlarında ve Çalışan Evli Kadınlarda Psikolojik Belirtilerin Karşılaştırılması”. Genel Tıp Dergisi 14/1 (2004), 1-5.
  • Dinçel, Esen. “Stresin Psikofizyolojisi ve Strese Bağlı Bedensel Hastalıklar”. Türk Psikoloji Bülteni 10/34-35 (2004), 56-84.
  • Fletcher, G. J. O. - Thomas, G. “Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach”. Close relationship lay theories: Their structure and function. 22. 1. Psychology Press, 1. Basım, 1996. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1995-99111-001
  • Habtamu, Kassahun vd. “Prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among Ethiopian migrant returnees from the Middle East and South Africa”. BMC Psychiatry 17/1 (19 Nisan 2017), 144. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1310-6
  • Harada, Tokiko vd. “Cultural Influences on Neural Systems of Intergroup Emotion Perception: An fMRI Study”. Neuropsychologia 137 (03 Şubat 2020), 107254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107254
  • Jamil, Hikraei vd. “Pre- and post-displacement stressors and time of migration as related to self-rated health among Iraqi immigrants and refugees in Southeast Michigan”. Medicine, conflict, and survival 26/3 (2010), 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2010.513655
  • Karadayı, Figen. “Sosyo-Tarihsel Yaklaşım ile Kültürel Psikoloji”. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 8/8 (01 Eylül 2001), 189-218.
  • Khumalo, I. P. vd. “Socio-Demographic Variables, General Psychological Well-Being and the Mental Health Continuum in an African Context”. Social Indicators Research 105/3 (01 Şubat 2012), 419-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9777-2
  • Kiselev, Nikolai vd. “Structural and socio-cultural barriers to accessing mental healthcare among Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in Switzerland”. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 11/1 (04 Şubat 2020), 1717825. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1717825
  • Kolk, Bessel A. van der. The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. New York, NY, US: Viking, 2014.
  • Labouvie-Vief, Gisela vd. “Speaking about feelings: Conceptions of emotion across the life span”. Psychology and Aging 4/4 (1989), 425-437. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.4.4.425
  • Larionow, Paweł vd. “Towards Psychosomatic Medicine: The Role of Age and Emotional Characteristics in People with Psychosomatic Disorders”. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia 35 (19 Aralık 2022), 143-156. https://doi.org/10.17951/j.2022.35.3.143-156
  • Levine, Peter A. In an Unspoken Voice: How the Body Releases Trauma and Restores Goodness. North Atlantic Books, 2010.
  • Maier, Thomas - Straub, Mirjam. “‘My Head Is like a Bag Full of Rubbish’: Concepts of Illness and Treatment Expectations in Traumatized Migrants”. Qualitative Health Research 21/2 (Şubat 2011), 233-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732310383867
  • Martin, M. J. “Muscle-contraction (tension) headache: Psychosomatic illness review: No. 8 in a series”. Psychosomatics 24/4 (01 Nisan 1983), 319-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(83)73211-1
  • Mazzetti, Angela - Blenkinsopp, John. 2012. “Evaluating a visual timeline methodology for appraisal and coping research”. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 85/4 (ts.), 649-665. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.2012.02060.x
  • McGuire, Tanner vd. “The Mental Health of Refugees during a Pandemic: The Impact of COVID-19 on Resettled Bhutanese Refugees”. Asian Bioethics Review 13/4 (13 Eylül 2021), 375-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41649-021-00183-1
  • Menkü, Burak Erman - Coşar, Behcet. “Psikosomatik Bozukluklar”. Turkiye Klinikleri Psychiatry - Special Topics 14/4 (2021), 32-36.
  • Meyer, Silke - Claudius, Ströhle. “Introduction: Theorizing Remittances, Social Positioning and the Making of Migrant Subjectivity”. Remittances as Social Practices and Agents of Change. 1-25. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81504-2_1
  • Mohammadi, Zahra vd. “A Network Analysis of ICD-11 Complex PTSD, Emotional Processing, and Dissociative Experiences in the Context of Psychological Trauma at Different Developmental Stages”. Frontiers in Psychiatry 15 (12 Mart 2024). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1372620
  • Nagulendran, Amanda - Jobson, Laura. “Exploring Cultural Differences in the Use of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder”. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 11/1 (2020), 1729033. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1729033
  • Nickerson, Angela vd. “Comorbidity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Tortured, Treatment-Seeking Refugees”. Journal of Traumatic Stress 30/4 (2017), 409-415. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22205
  • Nickerson, Angela vd. “Comorbidity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Tortured, Treatment-Seeking Refugees”. Journal of Traumatic Stress 30/4 (Ağustos 2017), 409-415. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22205
  • Pargament, Kenneth I. vd. “Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors”. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 37/4 (1998), 710-724. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388152
  • Patton, Michael Quinn. “Qualitative Designs and Data Collection”. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. 2/207-339. 2. Sage Publications, Inc, 2. Basım, 2002. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nur.4770140111
  • Pécoud, Antoine. Migration and Human Rights. The United Nations Convention on Migrant Workers’ Rights, 2009.
  • Pennebaker, James W. - Joshua, M. Smyth. “The Invention of the Expressive Writing Approach”. Opening Up by Writing It Down: How Expressive Writing Improves Health and Eases Emotional Pain. Guilford Publications, 2016. https://www.guilford.com/books/Opening-Up-by-Writing-It-Down/Pennebaker-Smyth/9781462524921?srsltid=AfmBOoqtQ0gE6r0UXdEALtkNg9daohZU5Y3e7A3gN9UAcd5ehUgxUtBU
  • Porges, Stephen W. The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation. New York, NY, US: W W Norton & Co, 2011.
  • Scaer, Robert. The Body Bears the Burden. Routledge, 2014.
  • Schinkel, Willem. “Against ‘immigrant integration’: for an end to neocolonial knowledge production”. Comparative Migration Studies 6/1 (25 Eylül 2018), 2-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-018-0095-1
  • Scholten, Peter vd. “An Introduction to Migration Studies: The Rise and Coming of Age of a Research Field”. Introduction to Migration Studies: An Interactive Guide to the Literatures on Migration and Diversity. ed. Peter Scholten. 3-24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8_1
  • Sever, Gökcan. “Göç ve Yalnızlık: Psiko-Sosyal ve Ekonomik Sonuçları | Göç Dergisi”. Göç Dergisi 9/2 (2022), 225-245. https://doi.org/10.33182/gd.v9i2.822
  • Smith, Jonathan A. - Osborn, Mike. “Interpretative phenomenological analysis”. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. 51-80. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc, 2003.
  • Stoddard Jr, Frederick J. “Outcomes of Traumatic Exposure”. Disaster and Trauma, An Issue of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 23/2 (2014), 243-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.004
  • Tarsuslu Şimşek, Tülay vd. “Kronik Fiziksel Özürlü Bireylerde Ağrı, Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlık ile Yaşam Kalitesi Arasındaki İlişki”. Ağrı (Pain) 22/1 (2010), 30-36.
  • Yıldırım, Ali - Şimşek, Hasan. “Betimsel Analiz”. Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 224-227. 1. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 8. Basım, 2011. https://www.scribd.com/document/562272672/Ali-Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m-Hasan-%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek-Sosyal-Bilimlerde-Nitel-Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma-Yontemleri
  • Transpersonal Psychology. “Religious and Spiritual Coping Mechanisms”. 12 Ocak 2025. Erişim 10 Mart 2025. https://transpersonal-psychology.iresearchnet.com/spiritual-psychology/religious-and-spiritual-coping-mechanisms/
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

M. Doğan Karacoşkun 0000-0002-7413-340X

Yusuf Ahmet Kaya 0000-0001-7794-6388

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 5 Sayı: Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Peker Özel Sayısı

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Karacoşkun, M. Doğan - Kaya, Yusuf Ahmet. “Geçici Koruma Statüsündeki Suriyelilerin Travma Ve Psikosomatik Yaşantı Deneyimleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. İdrak Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi 5/Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Peker Özel Sayısı (Haziran 2025), 32-53. https://doi.org/10.62297/idrak.1657260.
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