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Post-Intensive Care Syndrome and Precautions to Prevent It

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 48 - 59, 30.05.2025

Pınar Ayvat , Özlem Öner , Serkan Pehlivan , Gülşah Şehitoğlu Alpağut , Ali Galip Ayvat

https://doi.org/10.52538/iduhes.1626171

Öz

Severe illnesses requiring admission to intensive care units (ICUs) can be life-threatening and leave lasting impacts on survivors. Advances in healthcare have increased the number of individuals surviving ICU stays, but many experience a cluster of new or worsening health issues collectively termed post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). This syndrome encompasses a variety of challenges, including physical, cognitive, psychological, and existential difficulties. Growing interest in enhancing the long-term outcomes for ICU survivors has prompted the development of interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of PICS. Among these, early physical rehabilitation has shown the most promise. In contrast, later interventions, such as those provided through aftercare and recovery clinics, have yielded mixed results. However, early case management appears to improve intermediate outcomes, such as reducing mortality and readmission rates. Given the complexity of PICS-related health conditions, addressing these issues will require thorough evaluation of multidisciplinary and multimodal approaches tailored to the specific needs of patients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Post-intensive care syndrome critical care quality of life

Kaynakça

  • Alfheim, H. B., Rosseland, L. A., Hofsø, K., Småstuen, M. C., ve Rustoen, T. (2018). Multiple symptoms in family caregivers of intensive care unit patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 55(2), 387–394.
  • Appleton, R. T., Kinsella, J., ve Quasim, T. (2015). The incidence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness syndromes: A systematic review. Journal of the Intensive Care Society, 16(2), 126–136.
  • Chlan, L. L., Weinert, C. R., Heiderscheit, A., Tracy, M. F., Skaar, D. J., Guttormson, J. L., ve Savik, K. (2013). Effects of patient-directed music intervention on anxiety and sedative exposure in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 309(22), 2335–2344.
  • Davidson, J. E., Jones, C., ve Bienvenu, O. J. (2012). Family response to critical illness: Postintensive care syndrome–family. Critical Care Medicine, 40(2), 618–624.
  • Davydow, D. S., Gifford, J. M., Desai, S. V., Needham, D. M., ve Bienvenu, O. J. (2008). Posttraumatic stress disorder in general intensive care unit survivors: A systematic review. General Hospital Psychiatry, 30(5), 421–434.
  • Davydow, D. S., Zatzick, D., Hough, C. L., ve Katon, W. J. (2013). In-hospital acute stress symptoms are associated with impairment in cognition 1 year after intensive care unit admission. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 10(5), 450–457.
  • De Jonghe, B., Bastuji-Garin, S., Sharshar, T., Outin, H., ve Brochard, L. (2004). Does ICU-acquired paresis lengthen weaning from mechanical ventilation? Intensive Care Medicine, 30(6), 1117–1121.
  • Dinglas, V. D., Aronson Friedman, L., Colantuoni, E., Mendez-Tellez, P. A., Shanholtz, C. B., Ciesla, N. D., Pronovost, P. J., ve Needham, D. M. (2017). Muscle weakness and 5-year survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors. Critical Care Medicine, 45(3), 446–453.
  • Elliott D., Davidson J.E., Harvey M.A., Bemis-Dougherty A., Hopkins R.O., Iwashyna T.J., Wagner J., Weinert C., Wunsch H., Bienvenu O.J., Black G., Brady S., Brodsky M.B., Deutschman C., Doepp D., Flatley C., Fosnight S., Gittler M., Gomez B.T., Hyzy R., Louis D., Mandel R., Maxwell C., Muldoon S.R., Perme C.S., Reilly C., Robinson M.R., Rubin E., Schmidt D.M., Schuller J., Scruth E., Siegal E., Spill G.R., Sprenger S., Straumanis J.P., Sutton P., Swoboda S.M., Twaddle M.L. ve Needham D.M. (2014). Exploring the scope of post–intensive care syndrome therapy and care: Engagement of non–critical care providers and survivors in a second stakeholders meeting. Critical Care Medicine, 42(12), 2518–2526.
  • Farhan, H., Moreno-Duarte, I., Latronico, N., Zafonte, R., ve Eikermann, M. (2016). Acquired muscle weakness in the surgical intensive care unit: Nosology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention. Anesthesiology, 124(1), 207–234.
  • Fiser, D. H., Tilford, J. M., ve Roberson, P. K. (2000). Relationship of illness severity and length of stay to functional outcomes in the pediatric intensive care unit: A multi-institutional study. Critical Care Medicine, 28(4), 1173–1179.
  • Floris, L., Madeddu, A., Deiana, V., Pasero, D., ve Terragni, P. (2021). The use of the ICU diary during the COVID-19 pandemic as a tool to enhance critically ill patient recovery. Minerva Anestesiologica, 87(4), 490–491.
  • Fuke, R., Hifumi, T., Kondo, Y., Hatakeyama, J., Takei, T., Yamakawa, K., Inoue, S., ve Nishida, O. (2018). Early rehabilitation to prevent postintensive care syndrome in patients with critical illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 8(5), e019998. 1-10.
  • Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Coquet, I., Périer, A., Timsit, J. F., Pochard, F., Lancrin, F., Philippart, F., Vesin, A., Bruel, C., Blel, Y., Angeli, S., Cousin, N., Carlet, J., ve Misset, B. (2012). Impact of an intensive care unit diary on psychological distress in patients and relatives. Critical Care Medicine, 40(7), 2033–2040.
  • Gries, C. J., Engelberg, R. A., Kross, E. K., Zatzick, D., Nielsen, E. L., Downey, L., ve Curtis, J. R. (2010). Predictors of symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression in family members after patient death in the ICU. Chest, 137(2), 280–287.
  • Guerra, C., Hua, M., ve Wunsch, H. (2015). Risk of a diagnosis of dementia for elderly Medicare beneficiaries after intensive care. Anesthesiology, 123(5), 1105–1112.
  • Guarneri, B., Bertolini, G., ve Latronico, N. (2008). Long-term outcome in patients with critical illness myopathy or neuropathy: The Italian multicentre CRIMYNE study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 79(7), 838–841.
  • Haines, K. J., Denehy, L., Skinner, E. H., Warrillow, S., ve Berney, S. (2015). Psychosocial outcomes in informal caregivers of the critically ill: A systematic review. Critical Care Medicine, 43(5), 1112–1120.
  • Haines, K. J., McPeake, J., Hibbert, E., Boehm, L. M., Aparanji, K., Bakhru, R. N., Bastin, A. J., Beesley, S. J., Beveridge, L., Butcher, B. W., Drumright, K., Eaton, T. L., Farley, T., Firshman, P., Fritschle, A., Holdsworth, C., Hope, A. A., Johnson, A., Kenes, M. T., Khan, B. A., Kloos J.A., Kross E.K., Mactavish P., Meyer J., Montgomery-Yates A., Quasim T., Saft H.L., Slack A., Stollings J., Weinhouse G., Whitten J., Netzer G., Hopkins R.O., Mikkelsen M.E., Iwashyna T.J., ve Sevin C.M. (2019). Enablers and barriers to implementing ICU follow-up clinics and peer support groups following critical illness: The Thrive Collaboratives. Critical Care Medicine, 47(9), 1194–1200.
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Yoğun Bakım Sonrası Sendromu ve Önlenmesi İçin Alınabilecek Tedbirler

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 48 - 59, 30.05.2025

Pınar Ayvat , Özlem Öner , Serkan Pehlivan , Gülşah Şehitoğlu Alpağut , Ali Galip Ayvat

https://doi.org/10.52538/iduhes.1626171

Öz

Yoğun bakım yatışı gerekiren kritik hastalıklar, sağ kalanlar için ölümcül ve yıkıcı olabilir. Sağlık bakımdaki iyileşmeler, yoğun bakım ünitesinden (YBÜ) sağ kalanlarının sayısını artırmıştır. Bu sağ kalanlar, yaygın görülen ve yoğun bakım sonrası sendromu (YBSS) olarak adlandırılan bir dizi yeni veya kötüleşen sağlık durumuyla karşı karşıyadır. Bu sorunlar, diğerlerinin yanı sıra fiziksel, bilişsel, psikolojik ve varoluşsal yönleri içerir. YBÜ sağ kalanları için uzun vadeli sonuçları iyileştirmeye yönelik artan ilgi, YBSS ile ilişkili sonuçları iyileştirmek için bir dizi potansiyel müdahaleye yol açmıştır. Bugüne kadar, en umut verici müdahaleler çok erken fiziksel rehabilitasyonla ilgili görünmektedir. Sonraki bakım ve iyileşme kliniklerindeki geç müdahaleler karışık sonuçlar vermiştir, ancak çok erken vaka yönetimi müdahalelerinin ölüm oranı ve hastaneye tekrar yatış dahil olmak üzere orta vadeli sonuçları iyileştirmeye yardımcı olabileceği olasılığını düşündürmektedir. YBSS ile ilişkili sağlık durumlarının karmaşıklığı, bu önemli sorunları ele almak için, ilgi duyulan özel koşullara bağlı, çok disiplinli, çok modaliteli müdahalelerin dikkatli ve titiz bir şekilde değerlendirilmesinin gerekli olacağını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yoğun bakım sonrası sendromu yoğun bakım yaşam kalitesi

Kaynakça

  • Alfheim, H. B., Rosseland, L. A., Hofsø, K., Småstuen, M. C., ve Rustoen, T. (2018). Multiple symptoms in family caregivers of intensive care unit patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 55(2), 387–394.
  • Appleton, R. T., Kinsella, J., ve Quasim, T. (2015). The incidence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness syndromes: A systematic review. Journal of the Intensive Care Society, 16(2), 126–136.
  • Chlan, L. L., Weinert, C. R., Heiderscheit, A., Tracy, M. F., Skaar, D. J., Guttormson, J. L., ve Savik, K. (2013). Effects of patient-directed music intervention on anxiety and sedative exposure in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 309(22), 2335–2344.
  • Davidson, J. E., Jones, C., ve Bienvenu, O. J. (2012). Family response to critical illness: Postintensive care syndrome–family. Critical Care Medicine, 40(2), 618–624.
  • Davydow, D. S., Gifford, J. M., Desai, S. V., Needham, D. M., ve Bienvenu, O. J. (2008). Posttraumatic stress disorder in general intensive care unit survivors: A systematic review. General Hospital Psychiatry, 30(5), 421–434.
  • Davydow, D. S., Zatzick, D., Hough, C. L., ve Katon, W. J. (2013). In-hospital acute stress symptoms are associated with impairment in cognition 1 year after intensive care unit admission. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 10(5), 450–457.
  • De Jonghe, B., Bastuji-Garin, S., Sharshar, T., Outin, H., ve Brochard, L. (2004). Does ICU-acquired paresis lengthen weaning from mechanical ventilation? Intensive Care Medicine, 30(6), 1117–1121.
  • Dinglas, V. D., Aronson Friedman, L., Colantuoni, E., Mendez-Tellez, P. A., Shanholtz, C. B., Ciesla, N. D., Pronovost, P. J., ve Needham, D. M. (2017). Muscle weakness and 5-year survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors. Critical Care Medicine, 45(3), 446–453.
  • Elliott D., Davidson J.E., Harvey M.A., Bemis-Dougherty A., Hopkins R.O., Iwashyna T.J., Wagner J., Weinert C., Wunsch H., Bienvenu O.J., Black G., Brady S., Brodsky M.B., Deutschman C., Doepp D., Flatley C., Fosnight S., Gittler M., Gomez B.T., Hyzy R., Louis D., Mandel R., Maxwell C., Muldoon S.R., Perme C.S., Reilly C., Robinson M.R., Rubin E., Schmidt D.M., Schuller J., Scruth E., Siegal E., Spill G.R., Sprenger S., Straumanis J.P., Sutton P., Swoboda S.M., Twaddle M.L. ve Needham D.M. (2014). Exploring the scope of post–intensive care syndrome therapy and care: Engagement of non–critical care providers and survivors in a second stakeholders meeting. Critical Care Medicine, 42(12), 2518–2526.
  • Farhan, H., Moreno-Duarte, I., Latronico, N., Zafonte, R., ve Eikermann, M. (2016). Acquired muscle weakness in the surgical intensive care unit: Nosology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention. Anesthesiology, 124(1), 207–234.
  • Fiser, D. H., Tilford, J. M., ve Roberson, P. K. (2000). Relationship of illness severity and length of stay to functional outcomes in the pediatric intensive care unit: A multi-institutional study. Critical Care Medicine, 28(4), 1173–1179.
  • Floris, L., Madeddu, A., Deiana, V., Pasero, D., ve Terragni, P. (2021). The use of the ICU diary during the COVID-19 pandemic as a tool to enhance critically ill patient recovery. Minerva Anestesiologica, 87(4), 490–491.
  • Fuke, R., Hifumi, T., Kondo, Y., Hatakeyama, J., Takei, T., Yamakawa, K., Inoue, S., ve Nishida, O. (2018). Early rehabilitation to prevent postintensive care syndrome in patients with critical illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 8(5), e019998. 1-10.
  • Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Coquet, I., Périer, A., Timsit, J. F., Pochard, F., Lancrin, F., Philippart, F., Vesin, A., Bruel, C., Blel, Y., Angeli, S., Cousin, N., Carlet, J., ve Misset, B. (2012). Impact of an intensive care unit diary on psychological distress in patients and relatives. Critical Care Medicine, 40(7), 2033–2040.
  • Gries, C. J., Engelberg, R. A., Kross, E. K., Zatzick, D., Nielsen, E. L., Downey, L., ve Curtis, J. R. (2010). Predictors of symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression in family members after patient death in the ICU. Chest, 137(2), 280–287.
  • Guerra, C., Hua, M., ve Wunsch, H. (2015). Risk of a diagnosis of dementia for elderly Medicare beneficiaries after intensive care. Anesthesiology, 123(5), 1105–1112.
  • Guarneri, B., Bertolini, G., ve Latronico, N. (2008). Long-term outcome in patients with critical illness myopathy or neuropathy: The Italian multicentre CRIMYNE study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 79(7), 838–841.
  • Haines, K. J., Denehy, L., Skinner, E. H., Warrillow, S., ve Berney, S. (2015). Psychosocial outcomes in informal caregivers of the critically ill: A systematic review. Critical Care Medicine, 43(5), 1112–1120.
  • Haines, K. J., McPeake, J., Hibbert, E., Boehm, L. M., Aparanji, K., Bakhru, R. N., Bastin, A. J., Beesley, S. J., Beveridge, L., Butcher, B. W., Drumright, K., Eaton, T. L., Farley, T., Firshman, P., Fritschle, A., Holdsworth, C., Hope, A. A., Johnson, A., Kenes, M. T., Khan, B. A., Kloos J.A., Kross E.K., Mactavish P., Meyer J., Montgomery-Yates A., Quasim T., Saft H.L., Slack A., Stollings J., Weinhouse G., Whitten J., Netzer G., Hopkins R.O., Mikkelsen M.E., Iwashyna T.J., ve Sevin C.M. (2019). Enablers and barriers to implementing ICU follow-up clinics and peer support groups following critical illness: The Thrive Collaboratives. Critical Care Medicine, 47(9), 1194–1200.
  • Harvey, M. A., ve Davidson, J. E. (2016). Postintensive care syndrome: Right care, right now… and later. Critical Care Medicine, 44(2), 381–385.
  • Hermans, G., De Jonghe, B., Bruyninckx, F., ve Van den Berghe, G. (2014). Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014( 1), CD006832.
  • Jackson, J. C., Gordon, S. M., Ely, E. W., Burger, C., ve Hopkins, R. O. (2004). Research issues in the evaluation of cognitive impairment in intensive care unit survivors. Intensive Care Medicine, 30(11), 2009–2016.
  • Javadi, P., Buchman, T. G., Stromberg, P. E., Turnbull, I. R., Vyas, D., Hotchkiss, R. S., Karl, I. E., ve Coopersmith, C. M. (2005). Iron dysregulation combined with aging prevents sepsis-induced apoptosis. Journal of Surgical Research, 128(1), 37–44.
  • Katz, I. R., Curyto, K. J., TenHave, T., Mossey, J., Sands, L., ve Kallan, M. J. (2001). Validating the diagnosis of delirium and evaluating its association with deterioration over a one-year period. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 9(2), 148–159.
  • Koch, S., Spuler, S., Deja, M., Bierbrauer, J., Dimroth, A., Behse, F., Spies, C. D., Wernecke, K. D., ve Weber-Carstens, S (2011). Critical illness myopathy is frequent: Accompanying neuropathy protracts ICU discharge. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 82(3), 287–293.
  • Koch, S., Wollersheim, T., Bierbrauer, J., Haas, K., Mörgeli, R., Deja, M., Spies, C. D., Spuler, S., Krebs, M., ve Weber-Carstens, S. (2014). Long-term recovery in critical illness myopathy is complete, contrary to polyneuropathy. Muscle and Nerve, 50(3), 431–436.
  • Konkani, A., ve Oakley, B. (2012). Noise in hospital intensive care units--a critical review of a critical topic. Journal of Critical Care, 27(5), 522.e1–522.e5229.
  • Kress, J. P., ve Hall, J. B. (2014). ICU-acquired weakness and recovery from critical illness. The New England Journal of Medicine, 370(17), 1626–1635.
  • Latronico, N., ve Bolton, C. F. (2011). Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy: A major cause of muscle weakness and paralysis. The Lancet. Neurology, 10(10), 931–941.
  • Lautrette, A., Darmon, M., Megarbane, B., Joly, L. M., Chevret, S., Adrie, C., Barnoud, D., Bleichner, G., Bruel, C., Choukroun, G., Curtis, J. R., Fieux, F., Galliot, R., Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Georges, H., Goldgran-Toledano, D., Jourdain, M., Loubert, G., Reignier, J., Saidi, F., Souweine B., Vincent F., Barnes N.K., Pochard F., Schlemmer B., ve Azoulay E. (2007). A communication strategy and brochure for relatives of patients dying in the ICU. The New England Journal of Medicine, 356(5), 469–478.
  • Litton, E., Carnegie, V., Elliott, R., ve Webb, S. A. (2016). The efficacy of earplugs as a sleep hygiene strategy for reducing delirium in the ICU: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Care Medicine, 44(5), 992–999.
  • Manning, J. C., Pinto, N. P., Rennick, J. E., Colville, G., ve Curley, M. A. Q. (2018). Conceptualizing post intensive care syndrome in children—the PICS-p framework. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 19(4), 298–300.
  • Martin, G. S., Mannino, D. M., ve Moss, M. (2006). The effect of age on the development and outcome of adult sepsis. Critical Care Medicine, 34(1), 15–21.
  • Mehlhorn, J., Freytag, A., Schmidt, K., Brunkhorst, F. M., Graf, J., Troitzsch, U., Schlattmann, P., Wensing, M., ve Gensichen, J. (2014). Rehabilitation interventions for postintensive care syndrome: A systematic review. Critical Care Medicine, 42(5), 1263–1271.
  • Nakamura, K., Azuhata, T., ve Yokota, H. (2018). The swallowing problem after acute care in the elderly patients. Journal of Japanese Association of Acute Medicine and Health, 30, 103–109.
  • Nelson, L. P., ve Gold, J. I. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder in children and their parents following admission to the pediatric intensive care unit: A review. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 13(3), 338–347.
  • Needham, D. M., Davidson, J., Cohen, H., Hopkins, R. O., Weinert, C., Wunsch, H., Zawistowski, C., Bemis-Dougherty, A., Berney, S. C., Bienvenu, O. J., Brady, S. L., Brodsky, M. B., Denehy, L., Elliott, D., Flatley, C., Harabin, A. L., Jones, C., Louis, D., Meltzer, W., Muldoon, S. R., Palmer J.B., Perme C., Robinson M., Schmidt D.M., Scruth E., Spill G.R., Storey C.P., Render M., Votto J., ve Harvey MA. (2012). Improving long-term outcomes after discharge from intensive care unit: Report from a stakeholders' conference. Critical Care Medicine, 40(2), 502–509.
  • Netzer, G., ve Sullivan, D. R. (2014). Recognizing, naming, and measuring a family intensive care unit syndrome. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 11(3), 435–441.
  • Ong, C., Lee, J. H., Leow, M. K., ve Puthucheary, Z. A. (2016). Functional outcomes and physical impairments in pediatric critical care survivors: A scoping review. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 17(5), e247–e259.
  • Pandharipande, P. P., Girard, T. D., Jackson, J. C., Morandi, A., Thompson, J. L., Pun, B. T., Brummel, N. E., Hughes, C. G., Vasilevskis, E. E., Shintani, A. K., Moons, K. G., Geevarghese, S. K., Canonico, A., Hopkins, R. O., Bernard, G. R., Dittus, R. S., Ely, E. W., ve BRAIN-ICU Study Investigators (2013). Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. The New England Journal of Medicine, 369(14), 1306–1316.
  • Patel, M. B., Jackson, J. C., Morandi, A., Girard, T. D., Hughes, C. G., Thompson, J. L., Kiehl, A. L., Elstad, M. R., Wasserstein, M. L., Goodman, R. B., Beckham, J. C., Chandrasekhar, R., Dittus, R. S., Ely, E. W., ve Pandharipande, P. P. (2016). Incidence and risk factors for intensive care unit-related post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans and civilians. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 193(12), 1373–1381.
  • Petsko, G. A. (2008). A seat at the table. Genome Biology, 9, 113.
  • Pisani, M. A., Redlich, C., McNicoll, L., Ely, E. W., ve Inouye, S. K. (2003). Underrecognition of preexisting cognitive impairment by physicians in older ICU patients. Chest, 124(6), 2267–2274.
  • Pinto, N. P., Rhinesmith, E. W., Kim, T. Y., Ladner, P. H., ve Pollack, M. M. (2017). Long-term function after pediatric critical illness: Results from the survivor outcomes study. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 18(3), e122–e130.
  • Pun, B. T., Balas, M. C., Barnes-Daly, M. A., Thompson, J. L., Aldrich, J. M., Barr, J., Byrum, D., Carson, S. S., Devlin, J. W., Engel, H. J., Esbrook, C. L., Hargett, K. D., Harmon, L., Hielsberg, C., Jackson, J. C., Kelly, T. L., Kumar, V., Millner, L., Morse, A., Perme, C. S., Posa P.J., Puntillo K.A., Schweickert W.D., Stollings J.L., Tan A., D'Agostino McGowan L., ve Ely E.W. (2019). Caring for critically ill patients with the ABCDEF bundle: Results of the ICU Liberation Collaborative in over 15,000 adults. Critical Care Medicine, 47(1), 3–14.
  • Rose, L., Yu, L., Casey, J., Cook, A., Metaxa, V., Pattison, N., Rafferty, A. M., Ramsay, P., Saha, S., Xyrichis, A., ve Meyer, J. (2021). Communication and virtual visiting for families of patients in intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A UK national survey. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 18(10), 1685–1692.
  • Sakusic, A., ve Rabinstein, A. A. (2018). Cognitive outcomes after critical illness. Current Opinion in Critical Care, 24(5), 410–414.
  • Sasangohar, F., Dhala, A., Zheng, F., Ahmadi, N., Kash, B., ve Masud, F. (2021). Use of telecritical care for family visitation to ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic: An interview study and sentiment analysis. BMJ Quality and Safety, 30, 715–721.
  • Simons, K. S., Verweij, E., Lemmens, P. M. C., Jelfs, S., Park, M., Spronk, P. E., Sonneveld, J. P. C., Feijen, H. M., van der Steen, M. S., Kohlrausch, A. G., van den Boogaard, M., ve de Jager, C. P. C. (2018). Noise in the intensive care unit and its influence on sleep quality: A multicenter observational study in Dutch intensive care units. Critical Care, 22(1), 250.
  • Singer, P., Blaser, A. R., Berger, M. M., Alhazzani, W., Calder, P. C., Casaer, M. P., Hiesmayr, M., Mayer, K., Montejo, J. C., Pichard, C., Preiser, J. C., van Zanten, A. R. H., Oczkowski, S., Szczeklik, W., ve Bischoff, S. C. (2018). ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clinical Nutrition, 38(1), 48–79.
  • Stevens, R. D., Marshall, S. A., Cornblath, D. R., Hoke, A., Needham, D. M., de Jonghe, B., Ali, N. A., ve Sharshar, T. (2009). A framework for diagnosing and classifying intensive care unit-acquired weakness. Critical Care Medicine, 37(10 Suppl), S299–S308.
  • Taito, S., Sanui, M., Yasuda, H., Shime, N., Lefor, A. K., ve Japanese Society of Education for Physicians and Trainees in Intensive Care (JSEPTIC) Clinical Trial Group. (2016). Current rehabilitation practices in intensive care units: A preliminary survey by the Japanese Society of Education for Physicians and Trainees in Intensive Care (JSEPTIC) Clinical Trial Group. Journal of Intensive Care, 4, 66.
  • Weiss, S. L., Fitzgerald, J. C., Pappachan, J., Wheeler, D., Jaramillo-Bustamante, J. C., Salloo, A., Singhi, S. C., Erickson, S., Roy, J. A., Bush, J. L., Nadkarni, V. M., Thomas, N. J., ve Sepsis Prevalence, Outcomes, and Therapies (SPROUT) Study Investigators and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. (2015). Global epidemiology of pediatric severe sepsis: The Sepsis Prevalence, Outcomes, and Therapies study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 191(10), 1147–1157.
  • Wischmeyer, P. E., Hasselmann, M., Kummerlen, C., Kozar, R., Kutsogiannis, D. J., Karvellas, C. J., Besecker, B., Evans, D. K., Preiser, J. C., Gramlich, L., Jeejeebhoy, K., Dhaliwal, R., Jiang, X., Day, A. G., ve Heyland, D. K. (2017). A randomized trial of supplemental parenteral nutrition in underweight and overweight critically ill patients: The TOP-UP pilot trial. Critical Care, 21(1), 142.
  • Wolters, A. E., Slooter, A. J., van der Kooi, A. W., ve van Dijk, D. (2013). Cognitive impairment after intensive care unit admission: A systematic review. Intensive Care Medicine, 39(3), 376–386.
  • Yende, S., Austin, S., Rhodes, A., Finfer, S., Opal, S., Thompson, T., Bozza, F. A., LaRosa, S. P., Ranieri, V. M., ve Angus, D. C. (2016). Long-term quality of life among survivors of severe sepsis: Analyses of two international trials. Critical Care Medicine, 44(8), 1461–1467.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Anesteziyoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Pınar Ayvat 0000-0002-9941-3109

Özlem Öner 0000-0001-6171-2114

Serkan Pehlivan 0009-0002-9829-8898

Gülşah Şehitoğlu Alpağut 0000-0002-6493-7797

Ali Galip Ayvat 0000-0002-7249-0104

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 19 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayvat, P., Öner, Ö., Pehlivan, S., Şehitoğlu Alpağut, G., vd. (2025). Yoğun Bakım Sonrası Sendromu ve Önlenmesi İçin Alınabilecek Tedbirler. Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal, 8(1), 48-59. https://doi.org/10.52538/iduhes.1626171
 Kapak Resmi İndir

227151960619606                 19629                   19630 1995319957 

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