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Sporcu Beslenmesi ve Sporcularda Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı: Performansa Etkileri ve Koruyucu Önlemler

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 38 - 49, 30.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.48133/igdirsbd.1710154

Öz

Sporcu beslenmesi; enerji üretimi, dayanıklılık ve toparlanma süreçlerini doğrudan etkileyerek atletik performansın artırılmasında kritik bir rol oynar. Bununla birlikte, sporcu beslenmesinin özellikle ağız ve diş sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkiler oluşturduğu bilinmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalara göre sporcuların %15-89’unda diş çürüğü, %36-85’inde diş erozyonu ve %15-78’inde periodontal hastalık görülmekte olup, elit sporcuların %5-18’i ağız sağlığındaki problemlerin performanslarını olumsuz etkilediğini bildirmiştir. Sporcularda ağız ve diş sağlığını tehdit eden başlıca faktörler; beslenme düzeni, ağız hijyeninin yeterli sağlanamayışı, spor ile ilişkili artan oksidatif stres ve tükürük akış hızının azalmasıdır. Bu derleme, sporcu beslenmesine dair güncel önerileri ve bu beslenme stratejilerinin ağız ve diş sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, sporcuların, diş hekimlerinin ve diyetisyenlerin sporcu beslenmesi ile ağız sağlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi daha iyi anlamalarına yardımcı olmak ve beslenmeye bağlı diş hastalıklarını önlemeye yönelik stratejiler geliştirmektir. Ayrıca, ağız sağlığını iyileştirmek için uygulanabilecek önleyici yaklaşımlar ele alınarak, sporcuların hem fiziksel performanslarını hem de genel sağlıklarını koruyabilmeleri adına öneriler sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

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  • Almerich-Silla, J. M., Montiel-Company, J. M., Pastor, S., Serrano, F., Puig-Silla, M., & Dasí, F. (2015). Oxidative Stress Parameters in Saliva and Its Association with Periodontal Disease and Types of Bacteria. Disease markers, 2015, 653537. doi.org/10.1155/2015/653537
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Athlete Nutrition and Oral and Dental Health in Athletes: Effects on Performance and Preventive Measures

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 38 - 49, 30.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.48133/igdirsbd.1710154

Öz

Athlete nutrition plays a critical role in improving athletic performance by directly affecting energy production, endurance and recovery processes. However, it is known that athlete nutrition has negative effects especially on oral and dental health. According to research, 15-89% of athletes have tooth decay, 36-85% have tooth erosion and 15-78% have periodontal disease, and 5-18% of elite athletes report that oral health problems negatively affect their performance. The main factors that threaten oral and dental health in athletes are; diet, inadequate oral hygiene, increased oxidative stress related to sports and decreased salivary flow rate. This review examines current recommendations for athlete nutrition and the effects of these nutritional strategies on oral and dental health. The aim of the study is to help athletes, dentists and nutritionists better understand the relationship between athlete nutrition and oral health and to develop strategies to prevent nutrition-related dental diseases. In addition, preventive approaches that can be applied to improve oral health are discussed and suggestions are presented so that athletes can protect both their physical performance and general health.

Kaynakça

  • Academies, Institute of Medicine of the National. 2002. “Dietary Fats: Total Fat and Fatty Acids.” Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) 335–432.
  • Adegboye, A. R., Boucher, B. J., Kongstad, J., Fiehn, N. E., Christensen, L. B., & Heitmann, B. L. (2016). Calcium, vitamin D, casein and whey protein intakes and periodontitis among Danish adults. Public health nutrition, 19(3), 503-510. doi:10.1017/S1368980015001202
  • Almerich-Silla, J. M., Montiel-Company, J. M., Pastor, S., Serrano, F., Puig-Silla, M., & Dasí, F. (2015). Oxidative Stress Parameters in Saliva and Its Association with Periodontal Disease and Types of Bacteria. Disease markers, 2015, 653537. doi.org/10.1155/2015/653537
  • Association, American Dietetic. 2009. “Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance.” J Am Diet Assoc 109(5):509–27.
  • Azeredo, F. N., Guimarães, L. S., Luís, W., Fialho, S., Alves Antunes, L. A., & Antunes, L. S. (2020). Estimated prevalence of dental caries in athletes: An epidemiological systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research, 31(2), 297–304. doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_764_18
  • Bartold, P. M., Marshall, R. I., & Haynes, D. R. (2005). Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: a review. Journal of periodontology, 76(11 Suppl), 2066–2074. doi.org/10.1902/jop.2005.76.11-S.2066
  • Berthoud H. R. (2003). Neural systems controlling food intake and energy balance in the modern world. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 6(6), 615–620. doi.org/10.1097/00075197-200311000-00002
  • Bramantoro, T., Hariyani, N., Setyowati, D., Purwanto, B., Zulfiana, A. A., & Irmalia, W. R. (2020). The impact of oral health on physical fitness: A systematic review. Heliyon, 6(4), e03774. doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03774
  • Bratthall, D., & Hänsel Petersson, G. (2005). Cariogram--a multifactorial risk assessment model for a multifactorial disease. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 33(4), 256–264. doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2005.00233.x
  • Broad, E. M., & Rye, L. A. (2015). Do current sports nutrition guidelines conflict with good oral health?. General dentistry, 63(6), 18–23.
  • Bryant, S., McLaughlin, K., Morgaine, K., & Drummond, B. (2011). Elite athletes and oral health. International journal of sports medicine, 32(9), 720–724. doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1277192
  • Burke, L. M., Hawley, J. A., Wong, S. H., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2011). Carbohydrates for training and competition. Journal of sports sciences, 29 Suppl 1, S17–S27. doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.585473
  • Calder, P. C. (2010). Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. In K. Kendall-Tackett (Ed.), The psychoneuroimmunology of chronic disease: Exploring the links between inflammation, stress, and illness (pp. 77–109). American Psychological Association. doi.org/10.1037/12065-004
  • Chambers, E. S., Bridge, M. W., & Jones, D. A. (2009). Carbohydrate sensing in the human mouth: effects on exercise performance and brain activity. The Journal of physiology, 587(Pt 8), 1779–1794. doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2008.164285
  • Chiu, A. V., Saigh, M. A., McCulloch, C. A., & Glogauer, M. (2017). The Role of NrF2 in the Regulation of Periodontal Health and Disease. Journal of dental research, 96(9), 975–983. doi.org/10.1177/0022034517715007
  • Daniele, S., Scarfò, G., Ceccarelli, L., Fusi, J., Zappelli, E., Biagini, D., Lomonaco, T., Di Francesco, F., Franzoni, F., & Martini, C. (2021). The Mediterranean Diet Positively Affects Resting Metabolic Rate and Salivary Microbiota in Human Subjects: A Comparison with the Vegan Regimen. Biology, 10(12), 1292. doi.org/10.3390/biology10121292
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  • Minty, M., Canceill, T., Lê, S., Dubois, P., Amestoy, O., Loubieres, P., et al. (2018). Oral health and microbiota status in professional rugby players: A case-control study. Journal of dentistry, 79, 53–60. doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.10.001
  • Needleman, I., Ashley, P., Fairbrother, T., Fine, P., Gallagher, J., Kings, D., et al. (2018). Nutrition and oral health in sport: time for action. British journal of sports medicine, 52(23), 1483–1484. doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098919
  • Needleman, I., Ashley, P., Fine, P., Haddad, F., Loosemore, M., de Medici, A., et al. (2014). Consensus statement: Oral health and elite sport performance. British dental journal, 217(10), 587–590. doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.1000
  • Needleman, I., Ashley, P., Meehan, L., Petrie, A., Weiler, R., McNally, S., et al. (2016). Poor oral health including active caries in 187 UK professional male football players: clinical dental examination performed by dentists. British journal of sports medicine, 50(1), 41–44. doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094953
  • Needleman, I., Ashley, P., Petrie, A., Fortune, F., Turner, W., Jones, J., et al. (2013). Oral health and impact on performance of athletes participating in the London 2012 Olympic Games: a cross-sectional study. British journal of sports medicine, 47(16), 1054–1058. doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092891
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  • Ochoa-Herrera, J. J., Huertas, J. R., Quiles, J. L., & Mataix, J. (2001). Dietary oils high in oleic acid, but with different non-glyceride contents, have different effects on lipid profiles and peroxidation in rabbit hepatic mitochondria. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 12(6), 357–364. doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2863(01)00150-4
  • Oliveira, J. A., Hoppe, C. B., Gomes, M. S., Grecca, F. S., & Haas, A. N. (2015). Periodontal disease as a risk indicator for poor physical fitness: a cross-sectional observational study. Journal of periodontology, 86(1), 44–52. doi.org/10.1902/jop.2014.140270
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Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Fiziksel Aktivite ve Sağlık, Spor ve Beslenme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nisa Nur Ayhanci 0000-0002-8854-3901

Muhammed Şahin 0009-0000-7381-2913

Abdullah Altunhan 0000-0001-7588-4099

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayhanci, N. N., Şahin, M., & Altunhan, A. (2025). Sporcu Beslenmesi ve Sporcularda Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı: Performansa Etkileri ve Koruyucu Önlemler. Iğdır Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.48133/igdirsbd.1710154

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