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Haber okuryazarlığı davranışları ve pratik: Nitel bir araştırma

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 1, 1 - 31, 30.06.2025

İlker Erdoğan

Öz

Haber tüketicisi, haber içeriği, sistemleri ve uygulamaları hakkında bilgi ve becerilere sahip olsa da haber okuryazarlığını pratikte tam olarak uygulayamamaktadır. Ayrıca, haber okuryazarlığı bilgi ve becerilerini kullanamadığında haber okuryazarı olamamaktadır. Bu nedenle, haber okuryazarı olmak için haber okuryazarlığı davranışlarını sergilemesi ve eğitim alması gerekmektedir. Eğitimin sonuçlarını değerlendirmek oldukça fazla önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, eğitim öncesinde ve sonrasında tüketicilerin haber okuryazarlığı davranışları sergileyip sergilemediklerini tespit etmektir. Bu nitel araştırma, derinlemesine görüşmeler aracılığıyla, haberi tanımlarken, haberi çözümlerken ve haberle etkileşim kurarken okuryazarlığın ne zaman ve nasıl uygulanabilir olduğunu anlamak için eğitim almış tüketicilerin pratiğine odaklanır. Katılımcıların perspektifinden okuryazarlığın ne zaman ve hangi koşullar altında haber tüketimi için anlam kazandığını açıklayarak kavramsal bir bilgi ve beceriler seti olarak haber okuryazarlığı ile bir pratik olarak haber okuryazarlığı arasındaki farkı açıklığa kavuşturur. Sonuç olarak bu araştırma tüketicilerin eğitim aldıktan sonra pratikte başarılı olduklarını, haber okuryazarlığı davranışları sergilediklerini ve oluşturulan rehberin etkili olduğunu ortaya koyar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

haber okuryazarlığı haber okuryazarlığı davranışları haber okuryazarlığı eğitimi nitel araştırma derinlemesine görüşme

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırma, katılımcılardan “bilgilendirilmiş onam” ve İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sosyal Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’nun 09.10.2024 tarihli ve 2024/17-08 sayılı kararı gereğince “etik kurul onayı” alınarak yürütülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Amazeen, M. A. ve Bucy, E. P. (2019). Conferring resistance to digital disinformation: The inoculating influence of procedural news knowledge. Journal of broadcasting & electronic media, 63(3), 415-432. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2019.1653101
  • Ashley, S., Maksl, A. ve Craft, S. (2013). Developing a news media literacy scale. Journalism&mass communication educator, 68(1), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695812469802
  • Ashley, S., Maksl, A. ve Craft, S. (2017). News media literacy and political engagement: What’s the connection?. Journal of media literacy education, 9(1), 79-98. https://doi.org/10.23860/JMLE-2017-9-1-6
  • Ashley, S. (2020). News literacy and democracy. Routledge.
  • Bober, T. (2021). Building news literacy: Lessons for teaching critical thinking skills in elementary and middle schools. ABC-CLIO.
  • Chan, M. (2024). News literacy, fake news recognition, and authentication behaviors after exposure to fake news on social media. New media & society, 26(8), 4669-4688. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221127675
  • Craft, S., Ashley, S. ve Maksl, A. (2016). Elements of news literacy: A focus group study of how teenagers define news and why they consume it. Electronic news, 10(3), 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1931243116656716
  • Craft, S., Ashley, S. ve Maksl, A. (2017). News media literacy and conspiracy theory endorsement. Communication and the public, 2(4), 388-401. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057047317725539
  • Edgerly, S. ve Vraga, E. K. (2020). Deciding what’s news: News-ness as an audience concept for the hybrid media environment. Journalism & mass communication quarterly, 97(2), 416-434. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699020916808
  • Eisenstock, B. (2023). News literacy now: How to read the news. Peter Lang.
  • Farmer, L. (2019). News literacy and fake news curriculum: School librarians’ perceptions of pedagogical practices. Journal of media literacy education, 11(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2019-0016
  • Fleming, J. (2014). Media literacy, news literacy or news appreciation? A case study of the news literacy program at Stony Brook University. Journalism & mass communication educator, 69(2), 146-165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695813517885
  • Hancock, D. R., Algozzine, B. ve Lim, J. H. (2017). Doing case study research: A practical guide for beginning researchers. Teachers College.
  • Harcup, T. ve O’Neill, D. (2017). What is news? News values revisited (again). Journalism studies, 18(12), 1470-1488. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193
  • Hasebrink, U. ve Domeyer, H. (2012). Media repertoires as patterns of behaviour and as meaningful practices: A multimethod approach to media use in converging media environments.
  • Participations: Journal of audience & reception studies, 9(2), 757-779. https://www.participations.org/09-02-41-hasebrink.pdf
  • Hobbs, R. (2011, 9 Haziran). Media literacy: Learning principles. NiemanReports. http://niemanreports.org/media-literacy-learning-principles
  • Hobbs, R., Donnelly, K., Friesem, J. ve Moen, M. (2013). Learning to engage: How positive attitudes about the news, media literacy, and video production contribute to adolescent civic engagement. Educational media international, 50(4), 231-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2013.862364
  • Johnson, J. M. ve Rowlands, T. (2012). The interpersonal dynamics of in-depth interviewing. J. F. Gubrium, J. A. Holstein, A. B. Marvasti ve K. D. McKinney (Ed.), The sage handbook of interview research: The complexity of the craft (s. 99-113). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218403.n7
  • Johnson, N. R., Paal, K., Waggoner, E. ve Bleier, K. (2021). Scales for assessing news literacy education in the digital era. Journalism&mass communication educator, 76(2), 156-175. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695820930980
  • Kendrick, A. ve Fullerton, J. A. (2019). Dimensions of news media literacy among us advertising students. Journal of advertising education, 23(1), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098048219841280
  • Kleemans, M. ve Eggink, G. (2016). Understanding news: The impact of media literacy education on teenagers’ news literacy. Journalism education, 5(1), 74-88. https://journalism-education.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/kleemans-Understanding-news.pdf
  • Luhtala, M. ve Whiting, J. (2018). News literacy: The keys to combating fake news. ABC-CLIO.
  • Morris, K. ve Yeoman, F. (2023). Teaching future journalists the news: The role of journalism educators in the news literacy movement. Journalism practice, 17(7), 1573-1590. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1992599
  • Potter, W. J. (2004). Theory of media literacy: A cognitive approach. Sage.
  • Potter, W. J. (2019). Media literacy. Sage.
  • Potter, W. J. ve Thai, C. L. (2019). Reviewing media literacy intervention studies for validity. Review of communication research, 7, 38-66. https://doi.org/10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.018
  • Swart, J., Peters, C. ve Broersma, M. (2017). Navigating cross-media news use: Media repertoires and the value of news in everyday life. Journalism studies, 18(11), 1343-1362. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2015.1129285
  • Swart, J. (2023). Tactics of news literacy: How young people access, evaluate, and engage with news on social media. New media & society, 25(3), 505-521. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211011447
  • Tandoc, E. C., Ling, R., Westlund, O., Duffy, A., Goh, D. ve Zheng Wei, L. (2018). Audiences’ acts of authentication in the age of fake news: A conceptual framework. New media & society, 20(8), 2745-2763. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817731756
  • Tamboer, S. L., Kleemans, M. ve Daalmans, S. (2022). We are a neeeew generation: Early adolescents’ views on news and news literacy. Journalism, 23(4), 806-822. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920924527
  • Tamboer, S. L., Daalmans, S., Molenaar, I., Bosse, T. ve Kleemans, M. (2022). How to increase news literate behaviors via interventions: Eight guidelines by early adolescents. Journalism&mass communication educator, 77(4), 363-375. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776958221096198
  • Tamboer, S. L., Kleemans, M., Molenaar, I. ve Bosse, T. (2023). Developing a model of news literacy in early adolescents: A survey study. Mass communication and society, 26(1), 74-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2048027
  • Tully, M., Maksl, A., Ashley, S., Vraga, E. K. ve Craft, S. (2021). Defining and conceptualizing news literacy. Journalism, 23(8), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211005888
  • Vraga, E. K., Tully, M., Kotcher, J. E., Smithson, A. ve Broeckelman-Post, M. (2015). A multidimensional approach to measuring news media literacy. Journal of media literacy education, 7(3), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-7-3-4
  • Vraga, E. K. ve Tully, M. (2021). News literacy, social media behaviors, and skepticism toward information on social media. Information communication & society, 24(2), 150-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1637445
  • Vraga, E. K., Tully, M., Maksl, A., Craft, S. ve Ashley, S. (2021). Theorizing news literacy behaviors. Communication theory, 31(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtaa005
  • Vraga, E. K., Tully, M. ve Bode, L. (2022). Assessing the relative merits of news literacy and corrections in responding to misinformation on twitter. New media & society, 24(10), 2354-2371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444821998691

News literacy behaviours and practice: A qualitative research

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 1, 1 - 31, 30.06.2025

İlker Erdoğan

Öz

Having knowledge and skills about news content, systems and practices does not necessarily mean that news literacy will be fully applied in practice. News consumers cannot be news literate if they do not actively use news literacy knowledge and skills. Therefore, news literacy behaviours and news literacy education are becoming crucial. Similarly, evaluating the outcomes of news literacy education is of vital importance. The purpose of this research is to determine whether consumers exhibit news literacy behaviours before and after news literacy education. Through in-depth interviews, this empirical research focuses on the practice of news literacy-educated consumers to understand when and how news literacy is applied in identifying, analysing, and interacting with news. The research clarifies the difference between news literacy as a conceptual set of knowledge and skills, and news literacy as a practice. It explains when and under what conditions news literacy becomes meaningful for news consumption from the participants’ perspective. In conclusion, this research shows that consumers exhibit news literacy behaviours after receiving news literacy education. The findings suggest that the guide to news literacy is effective in helping participants successfully apply news literacy in practice.

Anahtar Kelimeler

news literacy news literacy behaviours news literacy education qualitative research in-depth interview

Etik Beyan

This research was conducted with “informed consent” from the participants and “ethics committee approval” in accordance with the decision of Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University Social Research Ethics Committee dated 09.10.2024 and numbered 2024/17-08.

Kaynakça

  • Amazeen, M. A. ve Bucy, E. P. (2019). Conferring resistance to digital disinformation: The inoculating influence of procedural news knowledge. Journal of broadcasting & electronic media, 63(3), 415-432. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2019.1653101
  • Ashley, S., Maksl, A. ve Craft, S. (2013). Developing a news media literacy scale. Journalism&mass communication educator, 68(1), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695812469802
  • Ashley, S., Maksl, A. ve Craft, S. (2017). News media literacy and political engagement: What’s the connection?. Journal of media literacy education, 9(1), 79-98. https://doi.org/10.23860/JMLE-2017-9-1-6
  • Ashley, S. (2020). News literacy and democracy. Routledge.
  • Bober, T. (2021). Building news literacy: Lessons for teaching critical thinking skills in elementary and middle schools. ABC-CLIO.
  • Chan, M. (2024). News literacy, fake news recognition, and authentication behaviors after exposure to fake news on social media. New media & society, 26(8), 4669-4688. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221127675
  • Craft, S., Ashley, S. ve Maksl, A. (2016). Elements of news literacy: A focus group study of how teenagers define news and why they consume it. Electronic news, 10(3), 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1931243116656716
  • Craft, S., Ashley, S. ve Maksl, A. (2017). News media literacy and conspiracy theory endorsement. Communication and the public, 2(4), 388-401. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057047317725539
  • Edgerly, S. ve Vraga, E. K. (2020). Deciding what’s news: News-ness as an audience concept for the hybrid media environment. Journalism & mass communication quarterly, 97(2), 416-434. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699020916808
  • Eisenstock, B. (2023). News literacy now: How to read the news. Peter Lang.
  • Farmer, L. (2019). News literacy and fake news curriculum: School librarians’ perceptions of pedagogical practices. Journal of media literacy education, 11(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2019-0016
  • Fleming, J. (2014). Media literacy, news literacy or news appreciation? A case study of the news literacy program at Stony Brook University. Journalism & mass communication educator, 69(2), 146-165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695813517885
  • Hancock, D. R., Algozzine, B. ve Lim, J. H. (2017). Doing case study research: A practical guide for beginning researchers. Teachers College.
  • Harcup, T. ve O’Neill, D. (2017). What is news? News values revisited (again). Journalism studies, 18(12), 1470-1488. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193
  • Hasebrink, U. ve Domeyer, H. (2012). Media repertoires as patterns of behaviour and as meaningful practices: A multimethod approach to media use in converging media environments.
  • Participations: Journal of audience & reception studies, 9(2), 757-779. https://www.participations.org/09-02-41-hasebrink.pdf
  • Hobbs, R. (2011, 9 Haziran). Media literacy: Learning principles. NiemanReports. http://niemanreports.org/media-literacy-learning-principles
  • Hobbs, R., Donnelly, K., Friesem, J. ve Moen, M. (2013). Learning to engage: How positive attitudes about the news, media literacy, and video production contribute to adolescent civic engagement. Educational media international, 50(4), 231-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2013.862364
  • Johnson, J. M. ve Rowlands, T. (2012). The interpersonal dynamics of in-depth interviewing. J. F. Gubrium, J. A. Holstein, A. B. Marvasti ve K. D. McKinney (Ed.), The sage handbook of interview research: The complexity of the craft (s. 99-113). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218403.n7
  • Johnson, N. R., Paal, K., Waggoner, E. ve Bleier, K. (2021). Scales for assessing news literacy education in the digital era. Journalism&mass communication educator, 76(2), 156-175. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695820930980
  • Kendrick, A. ve Fullerton, J. A. (2019). Dimensions of news media literacy among us advertising students. Journal of advertising education, 23(1), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098048219841280
  • Kleemans, M. ve Eggink, G. (2016). Understanding news: The impact of media literacy education on teenagers’ news literacy. Journalism education, 5(1), 74-88. https://journalism-education.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/kleemans-Understanding-news.pdf
  • Luhtala, M. ve Whiting, J. (2018). News literacy: The keys to combating fake news. ABC-CLIO.
  • Morris, K. ve Yeoman, F. (2023). Teaching future journalists the news: The role of journalism educators in the news literacy movement. Journalism practice, 17(7), 1573-1590. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1992599
  • Potter, W. J. (2004). Theory of media literacy: A cognitive approach. Sage.
  • Potter, W. J. (2019). Media literacy. Sage.
  • Potter, W. J. ve Thai, C. L. (2019). Reviewing media literacy intervention studies for validity. Review of communication research, 7, 38-66. https://doi.org/10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.018
  • Swart, J., Peters, C. ve Broersma, M. (2017). Navigating cross-media news use: Media repertoires and the value of news in everyday life. Journalism studies, 18(11), 1343-1362. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2015.1129285
  • Swart, J. (2023). Tactics of news literacy: How young people access, evaluate, and engage with news on social media. New media & society, 25(3), 505-521. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211011447
  • Tandoc, E. C., Ling, R., Westlund, O., Duffy, A., Goh, D. ve Zheng Wei, L. (2018). Audiences’ acts of authentication in the age of fake news: A conceptual framework. New media & society, 20(8), 2745-2763. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817731756
  • Tamboer, S. L., Kleemans, M. ve Daalmans, S. (2022). We are a neeeew generation: Early adolescents’ views on news and news literacy. Journalism, 23(4), 806-822. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920924527
  • Tamboer, S. L., Daalmans, S., Molenaar, I., Bosse, T. ve Kleemans, M. (2022). How to increase news literate behaviors via interventions: Eight guidelines by early adolescents. Journalism&mass communication educator, 77(4), 363-375. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776958221096198
  • Tamboer, S. L., Kleemans, M., Molenaar, I. ve Bosse, T. (2023). Developing a model of news literacy in early adolescents: A survey study. Mass communication and society, 26(1), 74-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2048027
  • Tully, M., Maksl, A., Ashley, S., Vraga, E. K. ve Craft, S. (2021). Defining and conceptualizing news literacy. Journalism, 23(8), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211005888
  • Vraga, E. K., Tully, M., Kotcher, J. E., Smithson, A. ve Broeckelman-Post, M. (2015). A multidimensional approach to measuring news media literacy. Journal of media literacy education, 7(3), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-7-3-4
  • Vraga, E. K. ve Tully, M. (2021). News literacy, social media behaviors, and skepticism toward information on social media. Information communication & society, 24(2), 150-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1637445
  • Vraga, E. K., Tully, M., Maksl, A., Craft, S. ve Ashley, S. (2021). Theorizing news literacy behaviors. Communication theory, 31(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtaa005
  • Vraga, E. K., Tully, M. ve Bode, L. (2022). Assessing the relative merits of news literacy and corrections in responding to misinformation on twitter. New media & society, 24(10), 2354-2371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444821998691
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Gazetecilik, Gazetecilik Çalışmaları, Medya Okuryazarlığı
Bölüm Araştırma makalesi
Yazarlar

İlker Erdoğan 0000-0002-6690-4681

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 14 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdoğan, İ. (2025). Haber okuryazarlığı davranışları ve pratik: Nitel bir araştırma. Im: İletişim Ve Medya çalışmaları Dergisi(1), 1-31.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

im: İletişim ve medya çalışmaları dergisi CC BY-NC 4.0 ile lisanslanmaktadır