İSTEM

Öz

Turkish music is a refined art form that has developed on the foundations of makam, usul, and lyrics. It has adhered to traditional forms shaped over centuries and has particularly evolved and gained distinct characteristics during the Selcuk and Ottoman periods. In the continuous transfer of this tradition that has been ongoing for centuries, various differentiations such as education, training and theory are seen. In Turkish music, al-Kindi formed its nucleus and Urmavi developed and formed according to a decisive order, it was called the Systematic School in the theoretical view, and from this period on, continuous changes and developments were seen in makam expressions, structures and definitions. In this study, the change and development process in question is discussed chronologically; The study was examined on the axis of the Rast makam with sample work analyses.
Rast makam, whose place in Turkish music works was frequently favored by ancient composers and performers, was described in Seydi’s work el-Matla as “Ümmü’l Makâmât”, meaning “mother of makams”. In this vein, it is possible that many makams in Turkish music were born and/or derived from Rast makam. Rast makam began to be used as the main makam and main scale in the 15th century and was the first makam that was the subject of many works and was treated in meşk teachings. Along with the changes and diversifications of theoretical systems and views that emerged in the following period, some differentiations occurred in Rast makam as in many other makams. It is obvious that the changes and variations mentioned above affected both the compositional structures and theoretical expressions regarding the Rast makam.
In the study, which was created on the axis of qualitative research methods, scanning/survey, document review and classification techniques were used. Content analysis and interpretations were made in the light of the data obtained. As a result of the research on the works of various theorists who lived in different periods, examples were given about the historical process of the Rast makam in theoretical and practical contexts and the melodic progression and pitch structure in this process. In this way, data about the tradition and the change process of Rast makam, which is important for Turkish music, were revealed. As a result of the study, the parallelism of Turkish music theory with performance based on the Rast maqam was revealed, and it was stated that a school that can be defined as the "maqam-sayi school" was formed and that it would be more consistent to use this school in education and training as a requirement of the processes of training qualified performers.