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Kontrollü Koşullarda Yetiştirilen Farklı Tatlısu Balıklarında Kan Biyokimyasal Parametre Değerleri: Üre, Glukoz, Kreatinin, ALT, AST ve ALP

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 443 - 451

Mert Minaz , Akif Er , Kübra Ak , İlker Zeki Kurtoğlu , Şevki Kayış

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1680313

Öz

Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği, giderek büyüyen ve gelişen bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Bu büyümenin sürdürülebilirliği, sağlıklı balık bireylerinin yetiştirilmesiyle mümkündür. Bu bağlamda, üretim tesislerinde sağlıklı bireylerin fizyolojik durumlarının değerlendirilmesi vazgeçilmez bir ihtiyaçtır. Bu değerlendirmelerin yapılabilmesi için türlere özgü biyokimyasal referans değerlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışma, önemli ticari değere sahip üç balık türü olan sazan (Cyprinus carpio), Karaca mersin balığı (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) ve gökkuşağı alabalığında (Oncorhynchus mykiss), yetişkin bireylerden elde edilen üre, glukoz, kreatinin, alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) ve alkalen fosfataz (ALP) gibi temel biyokimyasal parametrelerin referans değerlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Balıkların sağlıklı bireyler olduğu ise mikrobiyolojik ve hematolojik testlerle doğrulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, türler arasında bazı parametrelerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, yetiştiricilik faaliyetlerinde biyokimyasal izlemeye dayalı sağlık değerlendirmeleri için temel bir referans sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, gelecekte yapılacak çalışmaların bu türlerin farklı yaşam evrelerine odaklanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sazan mersin balığı alabalık biyokimya enzim

Etik Beyan

Mevcut çalışma Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Yerel Etik Kurulu tarafından kontrol edilmiş ve onaylanmıştır (Karar No: 2024/05).

Destekleyen Kurum

Mevcut çalışma için herhangi bir mali destek alınmamıştır.

Teşekkür

Balıklara ait bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerin referans aralıklarının belirlendiği bu çalışmada analizlerin yapıldığı LT406-RX model Randox marka biyokimya cihazı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Geliştirme Vakfı tarafından birimimize kazandırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Geliştirme Vakfına teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

Kaynakça

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  • Ak, K., Er, A., & Minaz, M. (2023). Kültür Kökenli Karaca Mersin Balığı (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)’nın Hematolojik Parametrelerinin Referans Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 8(1), 88-94. DOI: 10.35229/JAES.1231567
  • Anton-Pardo, M., Hlaváč, D., Másílko, J., Hartman, P., & Adámek, Z. (2014). Natural diet of mirror and scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio) phenotypes in earth ponds. Folia Zoologica, 63(4), 229-237. DOI: 10.25225/FOZO.V63.I4.A1.2014
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  • Bavia, L., da Silva, A.P., Carneiro, M.C., Kmecick, M., Pozzan, R., Esquivel-Muelbert, J., …, & Prodocimo, M.M. (2024). Health status biomarkers and hemato-biochemical indices in Nile tilápia. Comparative Immunology Reports, 7, 200168. DOI: 10.1016/J.CIREP.2024.200168
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  • Blahova, J., Mikula, P., Marsalek, P., & Svobodova, Z. (2025). Biochemical and antioxidant responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to sublethal concentrations of the antiepileptic and analgesic drug gabapentin. Veterinární Medicína, 70(1), 20. DOI: 10.17221/75/2024-VETMED
  • Bronzi, P., Rosenthal, H., & Gessner, J. (2011). Global sturgeon aquaculture production: an overview. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(2), 169-175. DOI: 10.1111/J.1439-0426.2011.01757.X
  • De Smet, H., & Blust, R. (2001). Stress Responses and Changes in Protein Metabolism in Carp Cyprinus carpio during Cadmium Exposure. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 48(3), 255-262. DOI: 10.1006/EESA.2000.2011
  • Ding, L., Liu, Y., Wei, X., Geng, C., Liu, W., Han, L., …, & Sun, Y. (2023). Effects of Saline-Alkaline Stress on Metabolome, Biochemical Parameters, and Histopathology in the Kidney of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus). Metabolites, 13(2), 159. DOI: 10.3390/METABO13020159/S1
  • Elahee, K.B., & Bhagwant, S. (2007). Hematological and gill histopathological parameters of three tropical fish species from a polluted lagoon on the west coast of Mauritius. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 68(3), 361-371. DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2006.06.003
  • Er, A., Minaz, M., İpek, Z. Z., Ak, K., Kurtoğlu, İ. Z., & Kayış, Ş. (2023). Assessment of hematological indicators, histological alterations, and DNA damage in Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) exposed to the organophosphate malathion. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 104, 104304. DOI: 10.1016/J.ETAP.2023.104304
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  • Fazio, F., Ferrantelli, V., Saoca, C., Giangrosso, G., & Piccione, G. (2017). Stability of haematological parameters in stored blood samples of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Veterinární Medicína, 62, 401-405. DOI: 10.17221/51/2017-VETMED
  • Fazio, F. (2019). Fish hematology analysis as an important tool of aquaculture: A review. Aquaculture, 500, 237-242. DOI: 10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2018.10.030
  • Fazio, F., Marafioti, S., Torre, A., Sanfilippo, M., Panzera, M., & Faggio, C. (2013). Haematological and serum protein profiles of Mugil cephalus: Effect of two different habitats. Ichthyological Research, 60(1), 36-42. DOI: 10.1007/S10228-012-0303-1
  • Friedrich, T., Reinartz, R., & Gessner, J. (2019). Sturgeon re-introduction in the Upper and Middle Danube River Basin. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 35(5), 1059-1068. DOI: 10.1111/JAI.13966
  • Gabriel, U.U., Akinrotimi, O.A., & Eseimokumo, F. (2011). Haematological Responses of Wild Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus after Acclimation to Captivity. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(4), 225-230.
  • Ghanbari, M., Jami, M., Domig, K.J., & Kneifel, W. (2012). Long-term effects of water pH changes on hematological parameters in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(13), 3153-3159. DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.1244
  • Greenwell, M.G., Sherrill, J., & Clayton, L.A. (2003). Osmoregulation in fish mechanisms and clinical implications. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice, 6(1), 169-189. DOI: 10.1016/S1094-9194(02)00021-X
  • Hamed, S.A. (2019). Neurologic conditions and disorders of uremic syndrome of chronic kidney disease: presentations, causes, and treatment strategies. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 12(1), 61-90. DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1555468
  • Harikrishnan, R., Rani, M.N., & Balasundaram, C. (2003). Hematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, following herbal treatment for Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture, 221(1-4), 41- 50. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00023-1
  • Hrubec, T.C., Cardinale, J.L., & Smith, S.A. (2000). Hematology and plasma chemistry reference ıntervals for cultured tilapia (Oreochromis Hybrid). Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 29(1), 7- 12. DOI: 10.1111/J.1939-165X.2000.TB00389.X
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  • Kondera, E., Ługowska, K., & Witeska, M. (2019). Annual changes in hematological parameters of common carp juveniles under laboratory conditions. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science, 58(2), 143- 151. DOI: 10.22630/AAS.2019.58.2.15
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Serum Biochemical Parameter Levels in Different Freshwater Fish Species Cultured Under Controlled Conditions: Urea, Glucose, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 443 - 451

Mert Minaz , Akif Er , Kübra Ak , İlker Zeki Kurtoğlu , Şevki Kayış

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1680313

Öz

Aquaculture has become a rapidly growing and evolving sector. The sustainability of this growth largely depends on the cultivation of healthy fish individuals. In this context, monitoring the physiological status of fish is essential for aquaculture facilities. To ensure accurate assessments, species-specific biochemical reference values are required. This study aimed to establish reference ranges for key biochemical parameters—urea, glucose, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)—in adult individuals of three economically important fish species: common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The health status of the sampled individuals was confirmed through microbiological and hematological analyses. Results revealed statistically significant differences among the species for certain parameters. This study provides essential reference data for health assessments based on biochemical monitoring in aquaculture practices. It is further recommended that future studies focus on different life stages of these species to broaden the applicability of these findings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Common carp sturgeon trout biochemistry enzyme

Kaynakça

  • Ajeniyi, S., & Solomon, R. (2014). Urea And Creatinine Of Clarias Gariepinus In Three Different Commercial Ponds. Nature and Science, 12(10). Retrieved from http://www.sciencepub.net/nature
  • Ak, K., Er, A., & Minaz, M. (2023). Kültür Kökenli Karaca Mersin Balığı (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)’nın Hematolojik Parametrelerinin Referans Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 8(1), 88-94. DOI: 10.35229/JAES.1231567
  • Anton-Pardo, M., Hlaváč, D., Másílko, J., Hartman, P., & Adámek, Z. (2014). Natural diet of mirror and scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio) phenotypes in earth ponds. Folia Zoologica, 63(4), 229-237. DOI: 10.25225/FOZO.V63.I4.A1.2014
  • Balali-Mood, M., Naseri, K., Tahergorabi, Z., Khazdair, M.R., & Sadeghi, M. (2021). Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 643972. DOI: 10.3389/FPHAR.2021.643972
  • Barton, B.A. (2002). Stress in fishes: a diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 42(3), 517-525. DOI: 10.1093/ICB/42.3.517
  • Bavia, L., da Silva, A.P., Carneiro, M.C., Kmecick, M., Pozzan, R., Esquivel-Muelbert, J., …, & Prodocimo, M.M. (2024). Health status biomarkers and hemato-biochemical indices in Nile tilápia. Comparative Immunology Reports, 7, 200168. DOI: 10.1016/J.CIREP.2024.200168
  • Beyenbach, K.W. (2004). Kidneys sans glomeruli. American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology, 286(5 55-5), 811-827. DOI: 10.1152/AJPRENAL.00351.2003
  • Blahova, J., Mikula, P., Marsalek, P., & Svobodova, Z. (2025). Biochemical and antioxidant responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to sublethal concentrations of the antiepileptic and analgesic drug gabapentin. Veterinární Medicína, 70(1), 20. DOI: 10.17221/75/2024-VETMED
  • Bronzi, P., Rosenthal, H., & Gessner, J. (2011). Global sturgeon aquaculture production: an overview. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(2), 169-175. DOI: 10.1111/J.1439-0426.2011.01757.X
  • De Smet, H., & Blust, R. (2001). Stress Responses and Changes in Protein Metabolism in Carp Cyprinus carpio during Cadmium Exposure. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 48(3), 255-262. DOI: 10.1006/EESA.2000.2011
  • Ding, L., Liu, Y., Wei, X., Geng, C., Liu, W., Han, L., …, & Sun, Y. (2023). Effects of Saline-Alkaline Stress on Metabolome, Biochemical Parameters, and Histopathology in the Kidney of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus). Metabolites, 13(2), 159. DOI: 10.3390/METABO13020159/S1
  • Elahee, K.B., & Bhagwant, S. (2007). Hematological and gill histopathological parameters of three tropical fish species from a polluted lagoon on the west coast of Mauritius. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 68(3), 361-371. DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2006.06.003
  • Er, A., Minaz, M., İpek, Z. Z., Ak, K., Kurtoğlu, İ. Z., & Kayış, Ş. (2023). Assessment of hematological indicators, histological alterations, and DNA damage in Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) exposed to the organophosphate malathion. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 104, 104304. DOI: 10.1016/J.ETAP.2023.104304
  • FAO. (2018). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture: Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. Rome. Retrieved from www.fao.org/publications
  • Fazio, F., Ferrantelli, V., Saoca, C., Giangrosso, G., & Piccione, G. (2017). Stability of haematological parameters in stored blood samples of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Veterinární Medicína, 62, 401-405. DOI: 10.17221/51/2017-VETMED
  • Fazio, F. (2019). Fish hematology analysis as an important tool of aquaculture: A review. Aquaculture, 500, 237-242. DOI: 10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2018.10.030
  • Fazio, F., Marafioti, S., Torre, A., Sanfilippo, M., Panzera, M., & Faggio, C. (2013). Haematological and serum protein profiles of Mugil cephalus: Effect of two different habitats. Ichthyological Research, 60(1), 36-42. DOI: 10.1007/S10228-012-0303-1
  • Friedrich, T., Reinartz, R., & Gessner, J. (2019). Sturgeon re-introduction in the Upper and Middle Danube River Basin. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 35(5), 1059-1068. DOI: 10.1111/JAI.13966
  • Gabriel, U.U., Akinrotimi, O.A., & Eseimokumo, F. (2011). Haematological Responses of Wild Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus after Acclimation to Captivity. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(4), 225-230.
  • Ghanbari, M., Jami, M., Domig, K.J., & Kneifel, W. (2012). Long-term effects of water pH changes on hematological parameters in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(13), 3153-3159. DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.1244
  • Greenwell, M.G., Sherrill, J., & Clayton, L.A. (2003). Osmoregulation in fish mechanisms and clinical implications. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice, 6(1), 169-189. DOI: 10.1016/S1094-9194(02)00021-X
  • Hamed, S.A. (2019). Neurologic conditions and disorders of uremic syndrome of chronic kidney disease: presentations, causes, and treatment strategies. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 12(1), 61-90. DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1555468
  • Harikrishnan, R., Rani, M.N., & Balasundaram, C. (2003). Hematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, following herbal treatment for Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture, 221(1-4), 41- 50. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00023-1
  • Hrubec, T.C., Cardinale, J.L., & Smith, S.A. (2000). Hematology and plasma chemistry reference ıntervals for cultured tilapia (Oreochromis Hybrid). Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 29(1), 7- 12. DOI: 10.1111/J.1939-165X.2000.TB00389.X
  • Kew, M.C. (2000). Serum aminotransferase concentration as evidence of hepatocellular damage. Lancet, 355(9204), 591-592. DOI: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(99)00219-6
  • Kobayashi, A., Suzuki, Y., & Sugai, S. (2020). Specificity of transaminase activities in the prediction of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 45(9), 515- 537. DOI: 10.2131/JTS.45.515
  • Kondera, E., Ługowska, K., & Witeska, M. (2019). Annual changes in hematological parameters of common carp juveniles under laboratory conditions. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science, 58(2), 143- 151. DOI: 10.22630/AAS.2019.58.2.15
  • Lallès, J.P. (2019). Biology, environmental and nutritional modulation of skin mucus alkaline phosphatase in fish: A review. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 89, 179-186. DOI: 10.1016/J.FSI.2019.03.053
  • Li, S., Tan, H.Y., Wang, N., Zhang, Z.J., Lao, L., Wong, C.W., & Feng, Y. (2015). The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Liver Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16(11), 26087–26124. DOI: 10.3390/IJMS161125942
  • Li, X., Han, T., Zheng, S., & Wu, G. (2022). Hepatic Glucose Metabolism and Its Disorders in Fish. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1354, 207-236. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686- 1_11
  • Manjappa, K., Keshavanath, P., & Gangadhara, B. (2011). Influence of sardine oil supplemented fish meal free diets on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) growth, carcass composition and digestive enzyme activity. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 6(6), 604-613. DOI: 10.3923/JFAS.2011.604.613
  • Martínez-Porchas, M., Rafael Martínez-Córdova, L., & Ramos-Enriquez, R. (2009). Cortisol and Glucose: Reliable indicators of fish stress? Pan- American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 4(2), 158- 178.
  • Minaz, M., Er, A., Ak, K., Kurtoğlu, İ. Z., & Kayış, Ş. (2024). Determining the appropriate concentration of an anesthetic mixture in three different fish species with the PROMETHEE decision model. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 11, 1492769. DOI: 10.3389/FVETS.2024.1492769
  • Minaz, M., Er, A., Ak, K., Nane, İ. D., İpek, Z. Z., & Aslankoç, R. (2023). Bisphenol A Used in Plastic Industry Negatively Affects Wild Vimba Bream (Vimba vimba). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 23(8). DOI: 10.4194/TRJFAS22598
  • Minaz, M., Er, A., Ak, K., Nane, İ.D., İpek, Z.Z., Kurtoğlu, İ. Z., & Kayış, Ş. (2022). Short-term Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) as a Plastic Precursor: Hematological and Behavioral Effects on Oncorhynchus mykiss and Vimba vimba. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 233(122), 1-12. DOI: /10.1007/S11270-022-05585-X
  • Minaz, M., Er, A., Ak, K., Nane, I.D., Ipek, Z.Z., Yalcın, A., Kurtoğlu, İ.Z., & Kayis, S. (2022). Investigation of long-term bisphenol A exposure on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Hematological parameters, biochemical indicator, antioxidant activity, and histopathological examination. Chemosphere, 303, 135136. DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.135136
  • Minaz, M., Er, A., Ak, K., & Serdar, O. (2025). Unlocking the potential of nutmeg oil: A sustainable alternative for rainbow trout anesthesia in aquaculture. Aquaculture Reports, 42, 102773. DOI: 10.1016/J.AQREP.2025.102773
  • Minaz, M., & Kurtoğlu, İ.Z. (2024). Long-term exposure of endangered Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) to bisphenol A (BPA): growth, behavioral, histological, genotoxic, and hematological evaluation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(21), 30836-30848. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33168-2
  • Mommsen, T.P., & Walsh, P.J. (1992). Biochemical and environmental perspectives on nitrogen metabolism in fishes. Experientia, 48(6), 583- 593. DOI: 10.1007/BF01920243
  • Pavlidis, M., Futter, W. C., Katharios, P., & Divanach, P. (2007). Blood cell profile of six Mediterranean mariculture fish species. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 23(1), 70-73. DOI: 10.1111/J.1439- 0426.2006.00771.X
  • Pavlidis, M., Theodoridi, A., & Tsalafouta, A. (2015). Neuroendocrine regulation of the stress response in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 60, 121-131. DOI: 10.1016/J.PNPBP.2015.02.014
  • Polakof, S., Panserat, S., Soengas, J.L., & Moon, T.W. (2012). Glucose metabolism in fish: a review. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 182(8), 1015-1045. DOI: 10.1007/S00360-012-0658-7
  • Radi, Z.A., Koza-Taylor, P.H., Bell, R.R., Obert, L.A., Runnels, H.A., Beebe, J.S., …, & Sadis, S. (2011). Increased Serum Enzyme Levels Associated with Kupffer Cell Reduction with No Signs of Hepatic or Skeletal Muscle Injury. The American Journal of Pathology, 179(1), 240-247. DOI: 10.1016/J.AJPATH.2011.03.029
  • Rahimi, R., Mirahmadi, S.A., Hajirezaee, S., & Fallah, A.A. (2022). How probiotics impact on immunological parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reviews in Aquaculture, 14(1), 27- 53. DOI: 10.1111/RAQ.12582
  • Satheeshkumar, P., Ananthan, G., Senthilkumar, D., Khan, A.B., & Jeevanantham, K. (2012). Comparative investigation on haematological and biochemical studies on wild marine teleost fishes from Vellar estuary, southeast coast of India. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 21(3), 275-281. DOI: 10.1007/S00580-010-1091-5
  • Sayed, A.E.-D.H., & Moneeb, R.H. (2015). Hematological and biochemical characters of monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758) cultivated using methyltestosterone. The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology, 72, 36-42. DOI: 10.1016/J.JOBAZ.2015.03.002
  • Soderland, P., Lovekar, S., Weiner, D.E., Brooks, D. R., & Kaufman, J.S. (2010). Chronic Kidney Disease Associated With Environmental Toxins and Exposures. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, 17(3), 254-264. DOI: 10.1053/J.ACKD.2010.03.011
  • Sprague, J.E., & Arbeláez, A.M. (2011). Glucose Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia. Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews, 9(1), 463. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3755377/ Talas, Z. S., & Gulhan, M.F. (2009). Effects of various propolis concentrations on biochemical and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72(7), 1994-1998. DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2009.04.011
  • Tavares-Dias, M., & De Moraes, F.R. (2007). Leukocyte and thrombocyte reference values for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf), with an assessment of morphologic, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 36(1), 49-54. DOI: 10.1111/J.1939- 165X.2007.TB00181.X
  • Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. (1997). The stress response in fish. Physiological Reviews, 77(3), 591–625. DOI: 10.1152/PHYSREV.1997.77.3.591
  • Wilkie, M.P. (2002). Ammonia excretion and urea handling by fish gills: present understanding and future research challenges. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 293(3), 284-301. DOI: 10.1002/JEZ.10123
  • Witeska, M., Lugowska, K., & Kondera, E. (2016). Reference values of hematological parameters for juvenile Cyprinus carpio. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 36(4), 169-180.
  • Wyss, M., & Kaddurah-Daouk, R. (2000). Creatine and creatinine metabolism. Physiological Reviews, 80(3), 1107-1213. DOI: 10.1152/PHYSREV.2000.80.3.1107
  • Yıldırım, Ö. (2025). Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinin üretim ve ekonomik göstergelerinin Ege Bölgesi özelinde irdelenmesi. In: Aydın, M. E. & Ercişli, S. (Ed), Ege Bölgesinde Sucul ve Karasal Ekosistemlerde Flora-Fauna Biyoçeşitliliği, 1. ed., 476s, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, Ankara, TR.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Balık Fizyolojisi ve Genetik, Balık Yetiştiriciliği, Su Ürünleri Teknolojileri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mert Minaz 0000-0003-1894-9807

Akif Er 0000-0002-0052-5590

Kübra Ak 0000-0001-6809-2659

İlker Zeki Kurtoğlu 0000-0002-4214-7997

Şevki Kayış 0000-0002-9391-7613

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 6 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Minaz, M., Er, A., Ak, K., Kurtoğlu, İ. Z., vd. (2025). Kontrollü Koşullarda Yetiştirilen Farklı Tatlısu Balıklarında Kan Biyokimyasal Parametre Değerleri: Üre, Glukoz, Kreatinin, ALT, AST ve ALP. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 10(4), 443-451. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1680313
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