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A Review of Three Ancient Chinese Herbs, Goji Berry, Ginger and Ginseng in Pharmacological and Modern Science

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 39, 161 - 171, 31.12.2019

Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian , Mehdi Khoshkharam Wenli Sun , Qi Cheng

Öz

Goji berry, Ginger and Ginseng are ancient Chinese herbs which have been used for thousand years as Traditional Chinese Medicine in China and other Asian countries as foods to promote good health and as drugs to treat disease. The keywords of Goji berry, ginger, ginseng, traditional Chinese medicine were searched in Google Scholar, Scopus, Research Gate and PubMed. The most important Goji pharmacological usages are improving function, enhances the bodys ability to adapt to a variety of noxious stimuli; it significantly inhibits the generation and spread of cancer cells and can improve eyesight and increase reserves of muscle glycogen and liver glycogen which may increase human energy and has anti-fatigue effect. Ginger has been widely used for arthritis, cramps, sprains, sore throats, rheumatism, muscular aches, pains, vomiting, constipation, indigestion, hypertension, dementia, fever and infectious diseases. Several pharmacological activities have been reported for ginseng extracts including effects on the central nervous system; antipsychotic action; tranquilizing effects; protection from stress ulcers; increase of gastrointestinal motility; endocrinological effects; enhancement of sexual behaviour; or synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, RNA, and proteins. These versatile medicinal plants are unique sources of various types of chemical compounds which are responsible of the various activities of the plant. Traditional medicinal plants are cheaper, locally available and easily consumed as medicinal preparations and of course they are organic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Goji berry Ginger Ginseng Ancient Chinese Herbs

Kaynakça

  • Abdennacer, M., Karim, M., Yassine, R., Nesrine, R., Mouna, D., and Mohamed, B. (2015). Determination of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts obtained from the fruit and leaves of Tunisian Lycium intricatum Boiss. Food Chem. 174: 577-584.
  • Adib Rad, H., Basirat, Z., Bakouei, F., Moghadamnia, A. A., Khafri, S., Farhadi Kotenaei, Z., Nikpour, M., and Kazemi, S. (2018). Effect of Ginger and Novafen on menstrual pain: A cross-over trial. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2018; 57: 806-809.
  • Balusamy, S. R., Rahimi, S., and Yang, D. C. (2019). Characterization of squalene-induced PgCYP736B involved in salt tolerance by modulating key genes of abscisic acid biosynthesis. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 121:796-805.
  • Beccaria, C., Silvestrini, P., Renna, M. S., Ortega, H. H., Calvinho, L. F., Dallard, B. E., and Baravalle, C. (2018). Panax ginseng extract reduces Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells but does not affect macrophages phagocytic activity. Microbial Pathogenesis. 122:63-72.
  • Carnes, J., Larramendi, C. H., Ferrer, A., Huertas, A. J., Lopez-Matas, M. A., Pagan, J. A., Navarro, L. A., and Garcia-Abujeta, J. L. (2013). Recently introduced foods as new allergenic sources: Sensitisation to Goji berries (Lycium barbarum). Food Chemistry. 137:130-135.
  • Chan, E. W. C., Lim, Y., and Wong, S. (2009). Effects of different drying methods on the antioxidant properties of leaves and tea of ginger species. Food Chem. 113:166-172.
  • Dermesonlouoglou, E., Chalkia, A., and Taoukis, P. (2018). Application of osmotic dehydration to improve the quality of dried goji berry. Journal of Food Engineering. 232:36-43.
  • Dinesh, R., Anandaraj, M., Kumar, A., Bini, Y. K., Subila, K. P., and Aravind, R. (2015). Isolation, characterization, and evaluation of multi-trait plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for their growth promoting and disease suppressing effects on ginger. Microbiological Research. 173:34-43.
  • Donno, D., Beccaro, G. L., Gerutti, A. K., and Bounous, G. (2015). Goji bery fruit (Lycium so.): antioxidant compound fingerprint and bioactivity evaluation. J. Funct. Foods. 18: 1070-1085.
  • Dugasani, S., Pichika, M. R., Nadarajah, V. D., Balijepalli, M. K., Tandra, S., and Korlakunta, J. N. (2010). Comparative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol. J Ethnopharm. 2:525-520.
  • El Makawy, A. I., Ibrahim, F. M., Mabrouk, D. M., Ahmed, K. A., and Ramadan, M. F. (2019). Effect of antiepileptic drug (Topiramate) and cold pressed ginger oil on testicular genes expression, sexual hormones and histopathological alterations in mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 110:409-419.
  • Forino, M., Tartaglione, L., Dell Aversano, C., and Ciminiello, P. (2016). NMR-based identification of the phenolic profile of fruits of Lycium barbarum (goji berries). Isolation and structural determination of a novel N-feruloyl tyramine dimer as the most abundant antioxidant polyphenol of goji berries. Food Chemistry. 194:1254-1259.
  • Fratianni, A., Niro, S., Alam, M. D. R., Cinuanta, L., Di Matteo, M., Adiletta, G., and Panfili, G. (2018). Effect of a physical pre-treatment and drying on carotenoids of goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.). LWT- Food Science and Technology. 92:318-323.
  • Gao, Z., Ali, Z., and Khan, I. A. (2008). Glycerogalactolipids from the fruit of Lycium barbarum. Phytochemistry. 69:2856-2861.
  • Hempel, J., Schadle, C. N., Sprenger, J., Heller, A., Carle, R., and Schweiggert, R. M. (2017). Ultrastructural deposition forms and bioaccessibility of carotenoids and carotenoid esters from goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.). Food Chemistry. 218:525-533.
  • Kim, H. G., Yoo, S. R., Park, H. J., Lee, N. H., Shin, J. W., Sathyanath, R., Cho, J. H., and Son, C. G. (2011). Antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng c.a. Meyer in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical trial. J. Food Chem Toxicol. 49:2229-2235.
  • Kim, H. J., Park, K. H., Kim, D. H., Chae, H. J., Sung, G. H., and Kim, Y. O. (2018). In vitro assessments of bone microcomputed tomography in an aged male rat model supplemented with Panax ginseng. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 25:1135-1139.
  • Karangiya, V. K., Savsani, H. H., Patil, S. S., Garg, D. D., Murthy, K. S., Ribadiya, N. K., and Vekariya, S. J. (2016). Effect of dietary supplementation of garlic, ginger and their combination on feed intake, growth performance and economics in commercial broilers. Veterinary World. 9(3):245-250.
  • Khaki, A., Farnam, A., Badie, A. D., and Nikniaz, H. (2012). Effects of onion (Allium cepa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on sexual behaviour of rat after inducing antiepileptic drug (lamotrigine). Balkan Med J. 29:236-242.
  • Kuo, Y. H., Ikegami, F., and Lambein, F. (2003). Neuroactive and other free amino acids in seed and young plants of Panax ginseng. Phytochemistry. 62:1087-1091.
  • Lee, S., and Rhee, D. K. (2017). Effects of ginseng on stress-related depression, anxiety, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Journal of Ginseng Research. 41:589-594.
  • Li, X. M., Ma, Y. L., and Liu, X. J. (2007). Effect of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on age-related oxidative stress in aged mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 111:504-511.
  • Liu, S. Y., Chen, L., Li, X. C., Hu, Q. K., and He, L. J. (2018). Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects diabetic peripheral neuropathy by enhancing autophagy via mTOR/p70S6K inhibition in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 89:37-42.
  • Lopatriello, A., Previtera, R., Pace, S., Werner, M., Rubino, L., Werz, O., Taglialatela-Scafati, O., and Forino, M. (2017). NMR-based identification of the major bioactive molecules from an Italian cultivar of Lycium barbarum. Phytochemistry. 144:52-57.
  • Mahassni, S. H., and Bukhari, O. A. (2019). Beneficial effects of an aqueous ginger extract on the immune system cells and antibodies, hematology, and thyroid hormones in male smokers and non-smokers. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism. 15:10-17.
  • Malhotra, S., and Singh, A. P. (2003). Medicinal properties of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Natural Product Radiance. 2(6):296-301.
  • Manju, V., and Nalini, N. (2010). Effect of ginger on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced experimental colon carcinogenesis. J Biochem Tech. 2(2):161-167.
  • Masci, A., Carradori, S., Casadei, M. A., Paolicelli, P., Petralito, S., Ragno, R., and Cesa, S. (2018). Lycium barbarum polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structural characterisation and evidence about hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects. A review. Food Chemistry. 245:377-389.
  • Mocan, A., Moldovan, C., Zengin, G., Bender, O., Locatelli, M., Simirgiotis, M., Atalay, A., Vodnar, D. C., Rohn, S., and Crisan, G. (2018). UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis of bioactive constituents from two Romanian Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) beries cultivars and their antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and real-time cytotoxicological evaluation. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 115:414-424.
  • Niksokhan, M., Hedarieh, N., Maryam, N., and Masoomeh, N. (2014). Effect of hydro-alcholic extract of Pimpinella anisum seed on anxiety in male rat. J Gorgan Uni Med Sci. 16(4):28-33.
  • Ogbaji, P. O., Li, J., Xue, X., Shahrajabian, M. H., and Egrinya, E. A. (2018). Impact of bio-fertilizer or nutrient solution on Spinach (Spinacea Oleracea) growth and yield in some province soils of P.R. China. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova. 2(174):43-52.
  • Oludoyin, A. P., and Adegoke, S. R. (2014). Effect of ginger (Zingiber Officinale) extracts on blood glucose in normal and streptozotocin—Induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2(2):32-35.
  • Pace, R., Martinelli, E.M., Sardone, N., and Combarieu, E. D. (2015). Metabolomic evaluation of ginsenosides distribution in Panax genus (Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius) using multivariate statistical analysis. Fitoterapia. 101:80-91.
  • Patel, S., and Rauf, A. (2017). Adaptogenic herb ginseng (Panax) as medical food: status quo and future prospects. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. 85:120-127.
  • Protti, M., Gualandi, I., Mandrioli, R., Zappoli, S., Tonelli, D., and Mercolini, L. (2017). Analytical profiling of selected antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity of goji (Lycium spp.) berries. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 143:252-260.
  • Rahmani, A. H., Al Shabrmi, F. M., and Aly, S. M. (2014). Active ingredients of ginger as potential candidates in the prevention and treatment of diseases via modulation of biological activities. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 6(2):125-136.
  • Semwal, R. B., Semwal, D. K., Combrinck, S., and Viljoen, A. M. (2015). Gingerols and shogaols: Important nutraceutical principles from ginger. Phytochemistry. 117:554-568.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Wenli, S., and Qi, C. (2018). A review of Goji berry (Lycium barbarum) in traditional Chinese medicine as a promising organic superfood and superfruit in modern industry. Academia Journal of Medicinal Plants. 6(12):437-445.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019a). Pharmacological uses and health benefits of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in traditional Asian and ancient Chinese medicine and modern practice. Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 11(3):309-319.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019b). DNA methylation as the most important content of epigenetics in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 13(16):357-369.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019c). The influence of traditional Iranian and Chinese medicine on western and Islamic countries. Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 5(2):94-99.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019d). Modern pharmacological actions of longan fruits and their usages in traditional herbal remedies. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies. 7(4):179-185.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019e). The power of natural Chinese medicine, ginger and ginseng root in an organic life. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 27(1):64-71.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019f). Clinical aspects and health benefits of ginger (Zingiber officiale) in both traditional Chinese medicine and modern industry. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil & Plant Science. 1-11.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019g). A review of ginseng species in different regions as a multipurpose herb in traditional Chinese medicine, modern herbology and pharmacological science. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 13(10): 213-226.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Khoshkharam, M., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019h). Germination and seedling growth of corn (Zea mays L.) to allelopathic effects of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Tropical Plant Research. 6(1): 152-156.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019i). Sustainable agriculture and soybean, a legume in traditional Chinese medicine with great biological nitrogen fixation. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences. 13(38): 71-78.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., Khoshkharam, M., Zandi, P., and Cheng, Q. (2019j). Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis), a traditional Chinese legume for sustainable agriculture and food production. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences. 13(38): 79-84.
  • Silva, C. S., Alves, B. C. A., Azzalis, L. A., Junqueira, V. B. C., Fonseca, R., Fonseca, A. L. A., and Fonseca, F. L. A. (2017). Goji Berry (Lycium Barbarum) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Food Research. 1(6):221-224.
  • Skenderidis, P., Kerasioti, E., Karkanta, E., Stagos, D., Kouretas, D., Petrotos, K., Hadjichristodoulou, C., and Tsakalof, A. (2018). Assessment of the antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of extracts from goji berry of Greek cultivation. Toxicology Reports. 5:251-257.
  • Soltani, E., Jangjoo, A., Afzal Aghaei, M., and Dalili, A. (2018). Effects of preoperative administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 8:387-390.
  • Sun, L., Shahrajabian, M. H., and Cheng, Q. (2019). Anise (Pimpinella anisum l.), a dominant spice and traditional medicinal herb for both food and medicinal purposes. Cogent Biology. 5(1673688): 1-25.
  • Uluisik, D., and Keskin, E. (2016). Hepatoprotective effects of ginseng in rats fed cholesterol rich diet. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 44:1346.
  • Wan, J. Y., Fan, Y., Yu, Q. T., Ge, Y. Z., Yan, C. P., Alolga, R. N., Li, P., Ma, Z. H., and Qi, L. W. (2015). Integrated evaluation of malonyl ginsenosides, amino acids and polysaccharides in fresh and processed ginseng. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 107:89-97.
  • Yan, Y., Ran, L., Cao, Y., Qin, K., Zhang, X., Luo, Q., Jabbar, S., Abid, M., and Zeng, X. (2014). Nutritional, phytochemical characterization and antioxidant capacity of Ningxia wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.). J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 36(6):1079-1087.
  • Yu, M. S., Ho, Y. S., So, K. F., Yuen, W. H., and Chang, R. C. C. (2006). Cytoprotective effects of Lycium barbarum against reducing stress on endoplasmic reticulum. Int. J. Mol. Med. 17:1157-1161.
  • Zhao, D., Wei, J., Hao, J., Han, X., Ding, S., Yang, L., and Zhang, Z. (2019). Effect of sodium carbonate solution pretreatment on drying kinetics, antioxidant capacity changes, and final quality of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) during drying. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 99:254-261.

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 39, 161 - 171, 31.12.2019

Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian , Mehdi Khoshkharam Wenli Sun , Qi Cheng

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abdennacer, M., Karim, M., Yassine, R., Nesrine, R., Mouna, D., and Mohamed, B. (2015). Determination of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts obtained from the fruit and leaves of Tunisian Lycium intricatum Boiss. Food Chem. 174: 577-584.
  • Adib Rad, H., Basirat, Z., Bakouei, F., Moghadamnia, A. A., Khafri, S., Farhadi Kotenaei, Z., Nikpour, M., and Kazemi, S. (2018). Effect of Ginger and Novafen on menstrual pain: A cross-over trial. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2018; 57: 806-809.
  • Balusamy, S. R., Rahimi, S., and Yang, D. C. (2019). Characterization of squalene-induced PgCYP736B involved in salt tolerance by modulating key genes of abscisic acid biosynthesis. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 121:796-805.
  • Beccaria, C., Silvestrini, P., Renna, M. S., Ortega, H. H., Calvinho, L. F., Dallard, B. E., and Baravalle, C. (2018). Panax ginseng extract reduces Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells but does not affect macrophages phagocytic activity. Microbial Pathogenesis. 122:63-72.
  • Carnes, J., Larramendi, C. H., Ferrer, A., Huertas, A. J., Lopez-Matas, M. A., Pagan, J. A., Navarro, L. A., and Garcia-Abujeta, J. L. (2013). Recently introduced foods as new allergenic sources: Sensitisation to Goji berries (Lycium barbarum). Food Chemistry. 137:130-135.
  • Chan, E. W. C., Lim, Y., and Wong, S. (2009). Effects of different drying methods on the antioxidant properties of leaves and tea of ginger species. Food Chem. 113:166-172.
  • Dermesonlouoglou, E., Chalkia, A., and Taoukis, P. (2018). Application of osmotic dehydration to improve the quality of dried goji berry. Journal of Food Engineering. 232:36-43.
  • Dinesh, R., Anandaraj, M., Kumar, A., Bini, Y. K., Subila, K. P., and Aravind, R. (2015). Isolation, characterization, and evaluation of multi-trait plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for their growth promoting and disease suppressing effects on ginger. Microbiological Research. 173:34-43.
  • Donno, D., Beccaro, G. L., Gerutti, A. K., and Bounous, G. (2015). Goji bery fruit (Lycium so.): antioxidant compound fingerprint and bioactivity evaluation. J. Funct. Foods. 18: 1070-1085.
  • Dugasani, S., Pichika, M. R., Nadarajah, V. D., Balijepalli, M. K., Tandra, S., and Korlakunta, J. N. (2010). Comparative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol. J Ethnopharm. 2:525-520.
  • El Makawy, A. I., Ibrahim, F. M., Mabrouk, D. M., Ahmed, K. A., and Ramadan, M. F. (2019). Effect of antiepileptic drug (Topiramate) and cold pressed ginger oil on testicular genes expression, sexual hormones and histopathological alterations in mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 110:409-419.
  • Forino, M., Tartaglione, L., Dell Aversano, C., and Ciminiello, P. (2016). NMR-based identification of the phenolic profile of fruits of Lycium barbarum (goji berries). Isolation and structural determination of a novel N-feruloyl tyramine dimer as the most abundant antioxidant polyphenol of goji berries. Food Chemistry. 194:1254-1259.
  • Fratianni, A., Niro, S., Alam, M. D. R., Cinuanta, L., Di Matteo, M., Adiletta, G., and Panfili, G. (2018). Effect of a physical pre-treatment and drying on carotenoids of goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.). LWT- Food Science and Technology. 92:318-323.
  • Gao, Z., Ali, Z., and Khan, I. A. (2008). Glycerogalactolipids from the fruit of Lycium barbarum. Phytochemistry. 69:2856-2861.
  • Hempel, J., Schadle, C. N., Sprenger, J., Heller, A., Carle, R., and Schweiggert, R. M. (2017). Ultrastructural deposition forms and bioaccessibility of carotenoids and carotenoid esters from goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.). Food Chemistry. 218:525-533.
  • Kim, H. G., Yoo, S. R., Park, H. J., Lee, N. H., Shin, J. W., Sathyanath, R., Cho, J. H., and Son, C. G. (2011). Antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng c.a. Meyer in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical trial. J. Food Chem Toxicol. 49:2229-2235.
  • Kim, H. J., Park, K. H., Kim, D. H., Chae, H. J., Sung, G. H., and Kim, Y. O. (2018). In vitro assessments of bone microcomputed tomography in an aged male rat model supplemented with Panax ginseng. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 25:1135-1139.
  • Karangiya, V. K., Savsani, H. H., Patil, S. S., Garg, D. D., Murthy, K. S., Ribadiya, N. K., and Vekariya, S. J. (2016). Effect of dietary supplementation of garlic, ginger and their combination on feed intake, growth performance and economics in commercial broilers. Veterinary World. 9(3):245-250.
  • Khaki, A., Farnam, A., Badie, A. D., and Nikniaz, H. (2012). Effects of onion (Allium cepa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on sexual behaviour of rat after inducing antiepileptic drug (lamotrigine). Balkan Med J. 29:236-242.
  • Kuo, Y. H., Ikegami, F., and Lambein, F. (2003). Neuroactive and other free amino acids in seed and young plants of Panax ginseng. Phytochemistry. 62:1087-1091.
  • Lee, S., and Rhee, D. K. (2017). Effects of ginseng on stress-related depression, anxiety, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Journal of Ginseng Research. 41:589-594.
  • Li, X. M., Ma, Y. L., and Liu, X. J. (2007). Effect of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on age-related oxidative stress in aged mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 111:504-511.
  • Liu, S. Y., Chen, L., Li, X. C., Hu, Q. K., and He, L. J. (2018). Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects diabetic peripheral neuropathy by enhancing autophagy via mTOR/p70S6K inhibition in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 89:37-42.
  • Lopatriello, A., Previtera, R., Pace, S., Werner, M., Rubino, L., Werz, O., Taglialatela-Scafati, O., and Forino, M. (2017). NMR-based identification of the major bioactive molecules from an Italian cultivar of Lycium barbarum. Phytochemistry. 144:52-57.
  • Mahassni, S. H., and Bukhari, O. A. (2019). Beneficial effects of an aqueous ginger extract on the immune system cells and antibodies, hematology, and thyroid hormones in male smokers and non-smokers. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism. 15:10-17.
  • Malhotra, S., and Singh, A. P. (2003). Medicinal properties of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Natural Product Radiance. 2(6):296-301.
  • Manju, V., and Nalini, N. (2010). Effect of ginger on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced experimental colon carcinogenesis. J Biochem Tech. 2(2):161-167.
  • Masci, A., Carradori, S., Casadei, M. A., Paolicelli, P., Petralito, S., Ragno, R., and Cesa, S. (2018). Lycium barbarum polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structural characterisation and evidence about hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects. A review. Food Chemistry. 245:377-389.
  • Mocan, A., Moldovan, C., Zengin, G., Bender, O., Locatelli, M., Simirgiotis, M., Atalay, A., Vodnar, D. C., Rohn, S., and Crisan, G. (2018). UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis of bioactive constituents from two Romanian Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) beries cultivars and their antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and real-time cytotoxicological evaluation. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 115:414-424.
  • Niksokhan, M., Hedarieh, N., Maryam, N., and Masoomeh, N. (2014). Effect of hydro-alcholic extract of Pimpinella anisum seed on anxiety in male rat. J Gorgan Uni Med Sci. 16(4):28-33.
  • Ogbaji, P. O., Li, J., Xue, X., Shahrajabian, M. H., and Egrinya, E. A. (2018). Impact of bio-fertilizer or nutrient solution on Spinach (Spinacea Oleracea) growth and yield in some province soils of P.R. China. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova. 2(174):43-52.
  • Oludoyin, A. P., and Adegoke, S. R. (2014). Effect of ginger (Zingiber Officinale) extracts on blood glucose in normal and streptozotocin—Induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2(2):32-35.
  • Pace, R., Martinelli, E.M., Sardone, N., and Combarieu, E. D. (2015). Metabolomic evaluation of ginsenosides distribution in Panax genus (Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius) using multivariate statistical analysis. Fitoterapia. 101:80-91.
  • Patel, S., and Rauf, A. (2017). Adaptogenic herb ginseng (Panax) as medical food: status quo and future prospects. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. 85:120-127.
  • Protti, M., Gualandi, I., Mandrioli, R., Zappoli, S., Tonelli, D., and Mercolini, L. (2017). Analytical profiling of selected antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity of goji (Lycium spp.) berries. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 143:252-260.
  • Rahmani, A. H., Al Shabrmi, F. M., and Aly, S. M. (2014). Active ingredients of ginger as potential candidates in the prevention and treatment of diseases via modulation of biological activities. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 6(2):125-136.
  • Semwal, R. B., Semwal, D. K., Combrinck, S., and Viljoen, A. M. (2015). Gingerols and shogaols: Important nutraceutical principles from ginger. Phytochemistry. 117:554-568.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Wenli, S., and Qi, C. (2018). A review of Goji berry (Lycium barbarum) in traditional Chinese medicine as a promising organic superfood and superfruit in modern industry. Academia Journal of Medicinal Plants. 6(12):437-445.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019a). Pharmacological uses and health benefits of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in traditional Asian and ancient Chinese medicine and modern practice. Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 11(3):309-319.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019b). DNA methylation as the most important content of epigenetics in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 13(16):357-369.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019c). The influence of traditional Iranian and Chinese medicine on western and Islamic countries. Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 5(2):94-99.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019d). Modern pharmacological actions of longan fruits and their usages in traditional herbal remedies. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies. 7(4):179-185.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019e). The power of natural Chinese medicine, ginger and ginseng root in an organic life. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 27(1):64-71.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019f). Clinical aspects and health benefits of ginger (Zingiber officiale) in both traditional Chinese medicine and modern industry. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil & Plant Science. 1-11.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019g). A review of ginseng species in different regions as a multipurpose herb in traditional Chinese medicine, modern herbology and pharmacological science. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 13(10): 213-226.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Khoshkharam, M., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019h). Germination and seedling growth of corn (Zea mays L.) to allelopathic effects of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Tropical Plant Research. 6(1): 152-156.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., and Cheng, Q. (2019i). Sustainable agriculture and soybean, a legume in traditional Chinese medicine with great biological nitrogen fixation. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences. 13(38): 71-78.
  • Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., Khoshkharam, M., Zandi, P., and Cheng, Q. (2019j). Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis), a traditional Chinese legume for sustainable agriculture and food production. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences. 13(38): 79-84.
  • Silva, C. S., Alves, B. C. A., Azzalis, L. A., Junqueira, V. B. C., Fonseca, R., Fonseca, A. L. A., and Fonseca, F. L. A. (2017). Goji Berry (Lycium Barbarum) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Food Research. 1(6):221-224.
  • Skenderidis, P., Kerasioti, E., Karkanta, E., Stagos, D., Kouretas, D., Petrotos, K., Hadjichristodoulou, C., and Tsakalof, A. (2018). Assessment of the antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of extracts from goji berry of Greek cultivation. Toxicology Reports. 5:251-257.
  • Soltani, E., Jangjoo, A., Afzal Aghaei, M., and Dalili, A. (2018). Effects of preoperative administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 8:387-390.
  • Sun, L., Shahrajabian, M. H., and Cheng, Q. (2019). Anise (Pimpinella anisum l.), a dominant spice and traditional medicinal herb for both food and medicinal purposes. Cogent Biology. 5(1673688): 1-25.
  • Uluisik, D., and Keskin, E. (2016). Hepatoprotective effects of ginseng in rats fed cholesterol rich diet. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 44:1346.
  • Wan, J. Y., Fan, Y., Yu, Q. T., Ge, Y. Z., Yan, C. P., Alolga, R. N., Li, P., Ma, Z. H., and Qi, L. W. (2015). Integrated evaluation of malonyl ginsenosides, amino acids and polysaccharides in fresh and processed ginseng. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 107:89-97.
  • Yan, Y., Ran, L., Cao, Y., Qin, K., Zhang, X., Luo, Q., Jabbar, S., Abid, M., and Zeng, X. (2014). Nutritional, phytochemical characterization and antioxidant capacity of Ningxia wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.). J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 36(6):1079-1087.
  • Yu, M. S., Ho, Y. S., So, K. F., Yuen, W. H., and Chang, R. C. C. (2006). Cytoprotective effects of Lycium barbarum against reducing stress on endoplasmic reticulum. Int. J. Mol. Med. 17:1157-1161.
  • Zhao, D., Wei, J., Hao, J., Han, X., Ding, S., Yang, L., and Zhang, Z. (2019). Effect of sodium carbonate solution pretreatment on drying kinetics, antioxidant capacity changes, and final quality of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) during drying. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 99:254-261.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Tarımsal Biyoteknoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian

Mehdi Khoshkharam

Wenli Sun

Qi Cheng

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 39

Kaynak Göster

APA Shahrajabian, M. H., Khoshkharam, M., Sun, W., Cheng, Q. (2019). A Review of Three Ancient Chinese Herbs, Goji Berry, Ginger and Ginseng in Pharmacological and Modern Science. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 13(39), 161-171.
AMA Shahrajabian MH, Khoshkharam M, Sun W, Cheng Q. A Review of Three Ancient Chinese Herbs, Goji Berry, Ginger and Ginseng in Pharmacological and Modern Science. JBES. Aralık 2019;13(39):161-171.
Chicago Shahrajabian, Mohamad Hesam, Mehdi Khoshkharam, Wenli Sun, ve Qi Cheng. “A Review of Three Ancient Chinese Herbs, Goji Berry, Ginger and Ginseng in Pharmacological and Modern Science”. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences 13, sy. 39 (Aralık 2019): 161-71.
EndNote Shahrajabian MH, Khoshkharam M, Sun W, Cheng Q (01 Aralık 2019) A Review of Three Ancient Chinese Herbs, Goji Berry, Ginger and Ginseng in Pharmacological and Modern Science. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences 13 39 161–171.
IEEE M. H. Shahrajabian, M. Khoshkharam, W. Sun, ve Q. Cheng, “A Review of Three Ancient Chinese Herbs, Goji Berry, Ginger and Ginseng in Pharmacological and Modern Science”, JBES, c. 13, sy. 39, ss. 161–171, 2019.
ISNAD Shahrajabian, Mohamad Hesam vd. “A Review of Three Ancient Chinese Herbs, Goji Berry, Ginger and Ginseng in Pharmacological and Modern Science”. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences 13/39 (Aralık 2019), 161-171.
JAMA Shahrajabian MH, Khoshkharam M, Sun W, Cheng Q. A Review of Three Ancient Chinese Herbs, Goji Berry, Ginger and Ginseng in Pharmacological and Modern Science. JBES. 2019;13:161–171.
MLA Shahrajabian, Mohamad Hesam vd. “A Review of Three Ancient Chinese Herbs, Goji Berry, Ginger and Ginseng in Pharmacological and Modern Science”. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, c. 13, sy. 39, 2019, ss. 161-7.
Vancouver Shahrajabian MH, Khoshkharam M, Sun W, Cheng Q. A Review of Three Ancient Chinese Herbs, Goji Berry, Ginger and Ginseng in Pharmacological and Modern Science. JBES. 2019;13(39):161-7.

Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences is the official journal of Bursa Uludag University

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